Po Krei Brei

As it seems, he had very little power since his land had become a battlefield in the struggle between the Tây Sơn brothers and the Nguyễn lord Nguyễn Ánh. Also, Cham partisans on either side increased the insecurity. In 1786, Po Krei Brei had to flee for "the ferocity of the Old Vietnamese [Nguyễn partisans]", taking family members and loyal troops into the wilderness. The group suffered from sickness and hardship, and the mother and a daughter of the ruler died. Later on, Po Krei Brei was betrayed and captured by Tây Sơn partisans and brought to Bujai and later to the Cham capital Phanri where his rival Po Tisuntiraidapuran had once again been enthroned. He was treated poorly, interrogated and threatened with execution. However, an attack on Phanri by Nguyễn troops in 1790 enabled him to escape. In the same year, Nguyễn Ánh retook Gia Định (present-day Ho Chi Minh City). By default, Po Krei Brei thus ended up on the Nguyễn side in the war.^[2]

Po Krei Brei and another Cham lord, Po Ladhuanpuguh (Nguyễn Văn Hào), received appointments in 1790 as co-rulers of Champa by Nguyễn Ánh. Po Krei Brei was the civilian governor with the title chưởng cơ, while Po Ladhuanpuguh served as the military governor with the title cai cơ.^[3] Since then, Champa was regarded as a province by Vietnam, instead of a country.^[4]

Not long after, Po Krei Brei was deposed since he had committed a fault, which is not specified in the sources.^[3] He said he was "tired of all the fights; I wanted to lead my people in search for a land".^[5] He and his family and followers were forced to seek refuge in Cambodia in 1795-1796, settling at Roka Po Pram, Thbong Khmum province (now Kampong Cham).^[6] He stayed there with his followers until a Siamese invasion of Cambodia in 1812 forced him to flee back into Vietnam. Unable to join the Cambodian king Ang Chan II, he proceeded to Gia Định where he sought the protection of Emperor Gia Long (Nguyễn Ánh). Krei Brei was permitted to settle with a military garrison in Tây Ninh where he and a hundred followers received five hundred tiên (mace) for their subsistence. The Cham colony had a defensive role, and Krei Brei successfully suppressed a rebellion against the Vietnamese authorities, led by a certain Sulutan.^[7]

Po Krei Brei's autobiographical account indicates that the prince alternated between Vietnam and Cambodia, and the preface says: "In this Year of the Serpent [1821?], we are truly at peace in Stung Svay [in Cambodia] where, brothers, there is an abundance of coconuts, oranges and sugar." His date of death is not known. The grave monument of the prince is found in the old Cham lands in Bình Thuận province; it is not certain that he actually died there. He had a son, Po Nong, who remained in Cambodia and died around 1845.^[8] Another son, Phu Vi, co-administered the Cham colonists in Tây Ninh.^[9] In the historical literature Po Krei Brei has often been confused with a later ruler, Po Saong Nyung Ceng, who is erroneously credited with the flight to Cambodia.^[10]

In the Archives royales du Champa, there are two records about him: CAM-37 and CAM-38.^[11]