Hypericum orientale
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Hypericum orientale | |
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| Hypericum orientale at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Hypericaceae |
| Genus: | Hypericum |
| Section: | H. sect. Crossophyllum |
| Species: | H. orientale |
| Binomial name | |
| Hypericum orientale | |
Hypericum orientale, the Ptarmic-leafed St. John's wort[1] or Eastern St. John's wort[2], is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. It is distributed across northern Turkey, Georgia, the Caucasus, and Dagestan.[3] The species can be found on stony sloped amidst volcanic rocks in the mountains and in light woodlands at elevations of up to 2,300 m (7,500 ft).[4] It flowers from May to June and July to August. The plant has small, bright yellow flowers and grows across the ground in a creeping pattern. It prefers full sun and is ideal for rock gardens, and is hardy down to -30°F.[1]
Phytochemistry
Hypericum orientale is a small perennial herb that is 7–45 cm (2.8 in – 1 ft 5.7 in) tall. It grows both along the ground and upright, and is sometimes rooting at its base. There are many stems that spread and branch from a taproot, but that do not continue to branch out closer to the inflorescence. The stems are 2-lined and either lack glands or have a few reddish glands which are scattered or in lines.[3]
The leaves are directly connected to the stem and are angled slightly upwards. The leaf blade is 1–4 cm (0.39–1.57 in) long by 0.2–1 cm (0.079–0.39 in) wide, and their shape is between a narrow oval and an oval lance. They are the same color as the rest of the plant, and have a papery texture and rounded point. The edges of the blade have shallow glands and a denticulate (finely toothed) texture, while the base is wedge-shaped with pairs of auricles. The glands on the leaf are pale and point-shaped, and those on the edges are on the denticuli (fine teeth).[3]
Each inflorescence has around three flowers from one to three nodes. There are often additional flowering branches from a further one to three nodes below the inflorescence. The whole structure can be shaped between an inverse pyramid and a cylinder. The bracts are similar in shape to the regular leaves but are fringed with glands. Each flower is around 4 cm (1.6 in) in diameter; their buds are ellipse-shaped and round on the end. The sepals are of varying lengths and barely overlap, measuring 0.4–0.7 cm (0.16–0.28 in) long by 0.2–0.5 cm (0.079–0.20 in) wide. The petals are bright yellow, without any red tinge. They measure 1–1.8 cm (0.39–0.71 in) long by 0.2–0.4 cm (0.079–0.16 in) wide, and there are around 2.5 times as many petals as there are sepals. there are between thirty and forty-five stamens, the longest of which are 0.7–1.3 cm (0.28–0.51 in) long. They have an amber colored anther gland on the end. The ovaries are narrowly oval-shaped; there are around twice as many styles as there are ovaries. The seed capsule is 0.8–1.1 cm (0.31–0.43 in) long and 0.3–0.5 cm (0.12–0.20 in) wide with many grooves. The seeds are a mid brown color; they are 0.1–0.15 cm (0.039–0.059 in) long.[3]
Compared to other more studied Hypericum species, H. orientale is not particularly dense in notable chemical constituents. It entirely lacks hypericin, and has only trace amounts of pseudohypericin and rutin. Hyperoside is the largest constituent, and chlorogenic acid and quercitrin are also present in meaningful amounts.[5]
