Indigenous cattle breeds of India
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Of the more than 800 cattle breeds recognized worldwide, India had 27 acknowledged indigenous breeds of cattle and 7 breeds of buffalo. As of 2018[update] the ICAR recognized 50 breeds that are indigenous in India,[1][2] of which two cattle breeds and three buffalo breeds were added in 2018.[3] Local conservation programs are endeavouring to maintain the purity of breeds such as Tharparkar,[4] dwarf cattle such as Kasaragod, and Kankrej, Amrit Mahal and Kangayam.[5] On the basis of main uses, Indigenous cattle breeds are classified in to milch (cow and buffaloes for milk), draft (load carrying such as ox), and dual purpose (i.e. milk and draft).[6][7]
All India livestock census (in thousands)
| Exotic/Crossbred | 2007 | 2012 | % change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 6,844 | 5,971 | -12.75 |
| Female | 26,216 | 33,760 | 28.78 |
| Total | 33,060 | 39,732 | 20.18 |
| Indigenous[8] | 2007 | 2012 | % change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 76,779 | 61,949 | -19.32 |
| Female | 89,236 | 89,224 | -0.01 |
| Total | 1,66,015 | 1,51,172 | -8.94 |
Indigenous cattle breeds of India
Total population and breeds of indigenous cattle of India are as follows:[9][10][11]
| S No | Breed | Image | Region of origin | Type | Related cattle breed | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alambadi | Alambadi, Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu | draught | |||
| 2 | Amritmahal[12] | Hassan, Chikmagalur and Chitradurga district, Karnataka. | draught | |||
| 3 | Gir | Gir forest region and surrounding districts, Saurashtra region, Gujarat | milch | Bhadawari, Desan, Gujarati, Kathiawari, Sorthi, and Surati.
Gyr[13] - Brazil, |
||
| 4 | Red Sindhi[14] | Karachi and Hyderabad (Pakistan) regions of undivided India | milch | Red Karachi, Sindhi and Mahi | ||
| 5 | Sahiwal[15][16] | Montgomery District of undivided India | milch | Lola (loose skin), Lambi Bar, Montgomery, Multani, Teli. | Best indigenous dairy breed. | |
| 6 | Bargur | Bargur forest hills, Anthiyur Taluk, Erode District, Western Tamil Nadu | draught | |||
| 7 | Hallikar[17] | Mysore, Mandya, Hassan and Tumkur districts, South Karnataka | draught | |||
| 8 | Kangayam[18][19] | Kangeyam, Tiruppur district, Tamil Nadu | draught | |||
| 9 | Pulikulam[20][21] | Cumbum Valley, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu. | draught | |||
| 10 | Khillari cattle[22] | Satara, Kolhapur and Sangli regions, Maharashtra and Bijapur, Dharwad and Belgaum districts, Karnataka | draught | |||
| 11 | Umblachery | Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu | draught | |||
| 12 | Deoni[23] | Bidar district, Karnataka and Latur district, Maharashtra | milch, draught | |||
| 13 | Hariana[24] | Rohtak, Karnal, Jind, Hissar, and Gurgaon districts, Haryana and eastern Punjab | milch, draught | |||
| 14 | Kankrej[25] | Banaskantha, Gujarat | milch, draught | Guzerat,[26] Brazil | ||
| 15 | Krishna Valley[27] | Southern border of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh | milch, draught | |||
| 16 | Ongole[28] | Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh | milch, draught | Nelore,[29] Brazil | ||
| 17 | Tharparkar[30][31] | Tharparkar District in Sindh province in Pakistan. | milch, draught | Karan Fries[4] | ||
| 18 | Bachaur[32] | Madhubani, Darbhanga and Sitamarhi, north Bihar | draught | |||
| 19 | Dangi[33] | Nasik and Ahmednagar districts, Maharashtra | draught | |||
| 20 | Kasaragod[34][5] | Kasaragod district, Kerala | ||||
| 21 | Kenkatha[35] / Kenwariya | Bundelkhand, Uttar Pradesh and banks of river Ken and Vindhyas hilly range, Madhya Pradesh | draught | |||
| 22 | Kherigarh[36][37] | Lakhimpur Kheri district, Uttar Pradesh | draught | |||
| 23 | Malenadu Gidda[38][39] | Coastal and hilly areas of Karnataka | ||||
| 24 | Malvi[40] | Malwa plateau, Western Madhya Pradesh | draught | |||
| 25 | Mewati / Kosi[41] | Mewat, Haryana | milch | |||
| 26 | Nagori[42][43] | Nagaur district, Rajasthan | draught | appreciated for fast road work. | ||
| 27 | Nimari | Narmada valley, Madhya Pradesh and Jalgaon district, Maharashtra | ||||
| 28 | Ponwar | Pilbhit, Uttar Pradesh | ||||
| 29 | Rathi[44] | Rajasthan | milch, draught | |||
| 30 | Red Kandhari[45] | Latur, Kandhar taluk in Nanded district and Parbhani district, Maharashtra and North Karnataka | ||||
| 31 | Siri[46] | Parts of Sikkim, Darjeeling and Bhutan | draught | |||
| 32 | Vechur[47] | Kerala | ||||
| 33 | Motu[48] | Orissa, Chhattisgarh
and Andhra Pradesh |
||||
| 34 | Ghumusari[48] | Orissa | ||||
| 35 | Binjharpuri[48] | Orissa | ||||
| 36 | Khariar[48] | Orissa | ||||
| 37 | Pulikulam[48] | Tamilnadu | ||||
| 38 | Kosali[48] | Chhattisgarh | ||||
| 39 | Belahi[48] | Haryana and Chandigarh | ||||
| 40 | Gangatiri[48] | Uttar Pradesh and Bihar | ||||
| 41 | Badri[48] | Uttarakhand | ||||
| 42 | Lakhimi[48] | Assam | ||||
| 43 | Ladakhi[48] | Jammu and Kashmir | ||||
| 44 | Konkan Kapila[48] | Maharashtra and Goa |
Newly registered cattle breeds of India
ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal (NBAGR) is the nodal agency for the registration of newly identified germplasm of Cattle are:[49]
| S No | Breed | Image | Region of origin | Type | Related cattle breed | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Poda Thurpu | Nagarkurnool of Telangana | Draught purpose | |||
| 2 | Nari | Sirohi and Pali districts of Rajasthan, Sabarkantha and Banaskantha districts Gujarat | Dual purpose (Milch and Draught) | |||
| 3 | Dagri | Dahod, Chhota Udaipur and parts of Mahisagar, Panchmahal and Narmada district Gujarat | Draught purpose | |||
| 4 | Thutho | Nagaland | Draught and Meat purpose | |||
| 5 | Shweta Kapila | North Goa and South Goa districts of Goa | ||||
| 6 | Himachali Pahari | Kullu, Chamba, Mandi, Kangra, Sirmaur, Shimla, Kinnaur, Lahul & Spiti districts of Himachal Pradesh | Draught purpose | |||
| 7 | Purnea | Araria, Purnea and Katihar districts; and the Adjoining areas of Kishanganj, Supaul and Madhepura districts of Bihar | Dual purpose (Milch and Draught) | |||
Indigenous buffalo breeds of India
Buffalo Population in India (in million)
The total Buffalo Population in the country was 109.85 million in 2019. Total Buffalo has increased by 1.1% over the previous Livestock Census (2012). The Female Buffalo Population increased by 8.61% whereas the Male Buffalo is declined by 42.35% over the previous census. About 20.5% of the total livestock is contributed by buffaloes.[52]
Registered Buffalo breed of india
There are 19 registered Buffalo breeds in India under ICAR - NBAGR are as follows [56]
| S No | Breed | Image | Region of origin | Type | Related cattle breed | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Banni[57] | |||||
| 2 | Bhadawari[58] | Agra and Etawah districts, Uttar Pradesh and Gwalior district, Madhya Pradesh. | ||||
| 3 | Jaffrabadi[59] | Gir forests, Kutch and Jamnagar districts, Gujarat. | known for its ability to fight lions in the Gir forest | |||
| 4 | Mehsana[60] | Mehsana, Sabarkanda and Banaskanta districts, Gujarat and adjoining Maharashtra | evolved out of crossbreeding between the Surti and the Murrah. | |||
| 5 | Murrah[61] | Rohtak, Hisar and Sind of Haryana, Nabha and Patiala districts, Punjab and the southern parts of Delhi | Delhi, Kundi and Kali. | |||
| 6 | Nagpuri[62] | Nagpur, Akola and Amravati districts, Maharashtra. | Elitchpuri, Barari. | |||
| 7 | Nili Ravi[63] | Sutlej valley in Ferozpur district, Punjab and in the Sahiwal (Pakistan) | ||||
| 8 | Surti | Kaira and Baroda district, Gujarat. | Deccani, Gujarati, Talabda, Charator and Nadiadi. | |||
| 9 | Toda[64] | Nilgiri Hills, South India | semi-wild breed. | |||
| 10 | Marathwadi[56] | Maharashtra | ||||
| 11 | Pandharpuri[56] | Maharashtra | ||||
| 12 | Chilika[56] | Orissa | ||||
| 13 | Kalahandi[56] | Orissa | ||||
| 14 | Luit (Swamp)[56] | Assam and Manipur | ||||
| 15 | Bargur[56] | Tamil Nadu | ||||
| 16 | Gojri[56] | Pathankot, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Rupnagar and SAS Nagar (Mohali) districts of Punjab and Kangra and Chamba districts of Himachal Pradesh | Milk and draught purpose | Animals can travel long distances (seasonal migration) and can climb easily on hill tops for grazing. Used for both milk and draught power (ploughing and other agricultural operations). | ||
| 17 | Dharwad[56] | Bagalkot, Belagavi, Dharwad, Gadag, Ballari, Bidar, Vijayapura, Chitradurga, Kalaburgi, Haveri, Koppal, Raichur and Yadgir districts of Karnataka | Milk purpose | The milk from this buffalo is used for the preparation of the famous Dharwad Peda with a GI tag. | ||
| 18 | Manda[56] | Koraput, Malkangiri and Nawarangapur districts of Odisha | Draught, milk and manure | Manda buffaloes are reared mostly under an extensive system. Both males and females are used for agricultural operations. | ||
| 19 | Chhattisgarhi[56] | Chhattisgarh |