Iohexol
Chemical compound
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Iohexol, sold under the trade names Omnipaque and Iodaque among others, is a contrast agent used for X-ray imaging.[3] This includes when visualizing arteries, veins, ventricles of the brain, the urinary system, and joints, as well as during computed tomography (CT scan).[3] It is given by mouth, injection into a vein, or into a body cavity.[4]
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| Trade names | Iodaque, Hexopaque, Oraltag, others |
| Other names | 5-[N-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)acetamido]-2,4,6-triiodo-N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)isophthalamide |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information |
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| Routes of administration | Intrathecal, intravascular, by mouth, intracavital, rectal |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | Low |
| Metabolism | Nil |
| Elimination half-life | Variable |
| Excretion | Kidney, unchanged |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.060.130 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C19H26I3N3O9 |
| Molar mass | 821.142 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 174 to 180 °C (345 to 356 °F) |
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Side effects include vomiting, skin flushing, headache, itchiness, kidney problems, and low blood pressure.[3] Less commonly allergic reactions or seizures may occur.[3] Allergies to povidone-iodine or shellfish do not affect the risk of side effects more than other allergies.[5] Use in the later part of pregnancy may cause hypothyroidism in the baby.[6] Iohexol is an iodinated non-ionic radiocontrast agent.[3] It is in the low osmolar family.[7]
Iohexol was approved for medical use in 1985.[8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[9][4]
Chemistry
The osmolality of iohexol ranges from 322 mOsm/kg—approximately 1.1 times that of blood plasma—to 844 mOsm/kg, almost three times that of blood.[10] Despite this difference, iohexol is still considered a low-osmolality contrast agent; the osmolality of older agents, such as diatrizoate, may be more than twice as high.[11]
Adverse effects
The most common side effects after intravenous injections are: pain at the site of injection (3%), blurring of vision (2%), nausea (2%), arrhythmia (2%), taste perversion (1%), hypotension (0.7%), and vomiting (0.7%).[12]
Society and culture
Naming
It is sold under the brand name Omnipaque.[13] It is also sold as a density gradient medium under the names Accudenz, Histodenz, and Nycodenz.[14][15]
Available forms
It is available in various concentrations, from 140[12] to 350[16] milligrams of iodine per milliliter.[12] Iohexol can given as intrathecal, intravascular, oral, rectal, intraarticular, or into the body cavity.[12]
