| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1984 | The Fall Guy | Young Colt's Friend | Episode: "Old Heroes Never Die" |
| 1985 | The New Leave It to Beaver | Nick | Episode: "Movin' On" |
| 1991 | Our Shining Moment | Teenage boy | Pilot |
| 1992 | The Golden Palace | Taxi driver | Episode: "Seems Like Old Times: Part 2" |
| Great Scott! | Ray | Episode: "Book Crook" |
| 1993 | Life Goes On | Skinhead | Episode: "Incident on Main" |
| Northern Exposure | Kevin Wilkins | Episode 5-5: "A River Doesn't Run Through It" |
| Marked for Murder | Car thief | Television film |
| 1994 | Blind Justice | Private |
| The Innocent | Marty Prago |
| 1995 | All-American Girl | Tommy | Episode "A Night at the Oprah" |
| Pride & Joy | Man | Episode: "Brenda's Secret" |
| The Single Guy | Randy | Episode: "Sister" |
| Touched by an Angel | Monte | Episode: "Angels on the Air" |
| The X-Files | Bart "Zero" Liquori | Episode: "D.P.O." |
| 1995–1996 |
Mr. Show with Bob and David | Various characters | 4 episodes |
| Picket Fences | Curtis Williams | 2 episodes |
| 1997–2000 | Tenacious D | JB | Main role; also co-creator, writer and producer |
| 1998–2026 | Saturday Night Live | Himself / various | 5 episodes as host, 2 as musical guest (with Tenacious D) |
| 1999 | Heat Vision and Jack | Jack | Pilot |
| 2002 | 2002 MTV Movie Awards | Himself (host) | Television special |
| The Andy Dick Show | J.D. | Episode: "Flipped" |
| Clone High | Pusher / Larry Hardcore (voices) | Episode: "Raisin the Stakes" |
| Crank Yankers | Tenacious D | Episode: "#1.3" |
| MADtv | Episode: "#7.22" |
| 2003 | Player$ | Episode: "Tenacious D a la Mode" |
| Will & Grace | Dr. Isaac Hershberg | Episode: "Nice in White Satin" |
| 2003, 2004 |
Computerman | Computerman | 6 episodes; Also executive producer |
| Time Belt | 2 episodes |
| 2004 | Cracking Up | Bruce | Episode: "Scared Straight" |
| Tom Goes to the Mayor | Trapper JB (voice) | Episode: "Bear Traps" |
| 2006 |
Kids' Choice Awards | Himself (host) | Television special |
| MTV Video Music Awards |
| 2007 | Acceptable.TV | —N/a | Executive producer |
| The Naked Trucker and T-Bones Show | Jables | Episode: "Break-Up" |
| The Simpsons | Milo (voice) | Episode: "Husbands and Knives" |
| 2008 | Sesame Street | Himself | Episode: "The Golden Triangle of Destiny" |
| Kids' Choice Awards | Himself (host) | Television special |
| Spike Video Game Awards |
| 2009 | The Office | Himself (as Sam) | Episode: "Stress Relief" |
| Yo Gabba Gabba! | Himself | Episode: "New Friends" |
| 2010 |
Community | Buddy Austin | Episode: "Investigative Journalism" |
| iCarly | Aspartamay[5] | Episode: "iStart a Fanwar" |
| Take Two with Phineas and Ferb | Himself | Episode: Jack Black; short form series |
| 2011 | Kids' Choice Awards | Himself (host) | Television special |
| 2012, 2015 | Comedy Bang! Bang! | Himself | 2 episodes |
| 2013–2018 | Drunk History | Various | 5 episodes |
| 2013 | Metalocalypse: The Doomstar Requiem | Dethklok's original manager / Fat Blogger (voices) | Television special |
| 2014 | Meet Me at the Reck | Himself | YouTube series; Episode: "Cat in Black Ft. Stampylonghead & Jack Black" |
| 2015 | Workaholics | Pritchard DeMamp | Episode: "Gramps DeMamp is Dead" |
| The Brink[6] | Alex Talbot | 10 episodes; also producer |
| Documentary Now! | Jamison Friend | Episode: "Dronez: The Hunt for El Chingon" |
| 2016 | Panda Republic | Narrator (voice) | Documentary |
| Australia's Got Talent | Guest Judge | Episode: "Grand Finale" (season 8) |
| 2017 | Great Minds with Dan Harmon | Ludwig van Beethoven | Episode: "Ludwig van Beethoven" |
| The Last Man on Earth | Rear Admiral Roy Billups | Episode: "M.U.B.A.R." |
| 2018 | Tenacious D in Post-Apocalypto | JB (voice) | Main role; also co-creator, director, writer and producer |
| 2020 | Happy Happy Joy Joy: The Ren and Stimpy Story | Himself | Documentary |
| Celebrity Escape Room | Himself (host) | Television special |
| Home Movie: The Princess Bride[7] | Dread Pirate Roberts | 2 episodes |
| 2021 | Waffles + Mochi | Himself | Episode: "Water" |
| 2022 | Big Nate | Brad Gunter (voice) | Episode: "The Legend of the Gunting" |
| Rick and Morty | Lithdor, the Viscount of Venus (voice) | Episode: "A Rick in King Mortur's Mort" |
| 2022–2023 | Kung Fu Panda: The Dragon Knight | Po (voice) | Main role; also executive producer |
| 2023 | History of the World, Part II | Joseph Stalin | 2 episodes |
| The Mandalorian | Captain Bombardier | Episode: "Chapter 22: Guns for Hire" |
Bob's Burgers | Himself | Episode: "Grand Pre-Pre-Pre-Opening" |