January 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Day in the Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar
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January 1 in Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendars is a feast day and a day of commemoration of saints and martyrs. Although some Orthodox churches use the Revised Julian Calendar and others use the traditional Julian calendar, the fixed commemorations for their respective January 1 are broadly the same, no matter which calendar is used.[a]
| December 31 | January 1 | January 2 |
| Every day of the year | ||
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Feasts
Saints
- Martyr Theodotus, by the sword[6][7]
- Martyr Basil of Ancyra (362)[8][d] (see also: January 2)
- Saint Gregory the Elder, Bishop of Nazianzus and father of Saint Gregory the Theologian (374)[9][10]
- Saint Emilia, mother of Saints Macrina the Younger, Basil the Great, Naucratius, Gregory of Nyssa, Peter of Sebaste, and Theosebia (disputed) (375)[10][11][e]
- Saint Basil the Great, Archbishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia (379)[12][13][f]
- Saint Theodosius of Tryglia, Abbot[7][10][14][g]
Pre-Schism Western saints
- Hieromartyr Concordius of Spoleto (c. 175)[15][h]
- Thirty soldier-martyrs in Rome, under Diocletian (c. 304)[15][i]
- Monastic Martyr Telemachus (Telemakhos, Almachius), hermit who came to Rome from the East and publicly protested against Pagan rites on New Year's Day, killed by gladiators in the Roman amphitheatre (391 or 404)[15][16][j]
- Saint Basil, Bishop of Aix en Provence (c. 475)[15]
- Saint Eugendus, fourth Abbot of Condat Abbey in the Jura Mountains (510)[7][10][15]
- Saint Fanchea of Killeany (Fanchea of Rossory), sister of Saint Enda of Aran (c. 520)[7][10][15][17][k]
- Saint Fulgentius, Bishop of Ruspe in North Africa (533)[7][10][l]
- Saint Justin, Bishop of Chieti, Italy (c. 540)[15][m]
- Saint Felix, Bishop of Bourges (c. 580)[15]
- Saint Connat (Comnata, Comnatan), Abbess of Kildare Abbey in Ireland (c. 590)[15][18]
- Saint Maelrhys, a saint on Bardsey Island in Wales (6th century)[15]
- Saint Clarus, Abbot of St. Marcellus Monastery in Vienne, Gaul (c. 660)[10][15]
- Saint Cúan (Mochua, Moncan), Irish abbot, founder of many churches and monasteries in Ireland, lived to nearly 100 (752)[15][19]
- Saint Peter of Atroa, Abbot, opponent of iconoclasm (Peter the Standard-Bearer) (837)[20] (see also: January 3 - East)
- Saint William of Dijon (William of Volpiano), Italian monastic reformer and architect (1031)[15]
Post-Schism Orthodox saints
- Saint Petro Mohyla (Peter Mogila), Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia (1646)[21]
- Saint Athanasius Volkhovsky, Bishop of Mogilev and Polotsk, Wonderworker of Poltava (1801)[10][22]
New martyrs and confessors
- New Martyr Peter of Tripolis in the Peloponnesus, at Temisi in Asia Minor (1776)[10][23]
- New Monastic Martyr Jeremiah Leonov of Valaam (1918)[7][10][24]
- New Hieromartyrs Platon Kulbusch (Kulbush), Bishop of Revel (Tallinn), Estonia, and Michael Blaive and Nicholas Bezhanitsky, Archpriests (1919)[10][24][25] (see also January 14)
- New Hieromartyrs Alexander Trapitsyn, Archbishop of Samara;
Other commemorations
- Icon of the Mother of God "You are a Vineyard" (Georgian: Shen khar venakhi)[26] (see also May 23)
Picture gallery
Circumcision of Christ. Menologion of Basil II.
St. Telemachus (from Foxe's Book of Martyrs, 1563).
St. Basil the Great.
Fresco of St. Basil the Great, lower register of sanctuary in the Church of St. Mary Peribleptos in Ohrid (13th century).
St. William of Volpiano, statue above his tomb in Fécamp Abbey.
St. Peter Mogila, Metropolitan of Kiev and Galica (17th century).
St. Platon (Kulbush), Bishop of Tallinn (Reval), Estonia.
New Hieromartyr Alexander (Trapitsyn), Archbishop of Samara.
Notes
- Despite the dates being the same, the days to which they refer typically differ by 13 days. January 1 according to the old Julian calendar is the same day as January 14 according to the new Revised Julian Calendar. The notation Old Style or OS is sometimes used to indicate a date in the traditional Julian Calendar (the "Old Calendar"). The notation New Style or NS indicates a date in the Revised Julian calendar (the "New Calendar").
- "The CIRCUMCISION of Our Lord and Saviour JESUS CHRIST, by virtue of Whose Adorable Blood-shedding, a glorious host of Saints, Martyrs, Confessors, Virgins – men and women of every degree – as well in this land as throughout Christendom, kept the Faith, persevered unto death in their holy course, and in the end received the crown, at the hands of the Just Judge."[4]
- This saint, a layman, should not be confused with the other Saint Basil of Ancyra, who was a priest (March 22).
- Churches of the Russian tradition keep her feast on January 1, along with her son Basil. Greek churches keep her feast on May 8 or May 30, along with her husband Saint Basil the Elder and her mother-in-law, Saint Macrina the Elder.
- In Greek tradition, his name was given to Father Christmas and he is supposed to visit children and give presents every January 1 (St. Basil's Day) — unlike other traditions where Saint Nicholas arrives either on December 6 (Saint Nicholas Day) or on Christmas Eve (December 24). It is traditional on St. Basil's Day to serve "Vasilopita", a rich bread baked with a coin inside. It is customary on his feast day to visit the homes of friends and relatives, to sing New Year carols, and to set an extra place at the table for Saint Basil. In Greek tradition and according to historical records, St. Basil, of Greek heritage, is the original "Father Christmas", who being born into a wealthy family, gave away all his possessions to the poor and those in need, the underprivileged and children. A similar story exists for another Greek bishop, St. Nicholas of Myra. Over the centuries the two have been merged but the Western "Santa Claus" is St. Nicholas and the Eastern "Santa Claus" is St. Basil.
- The Venerable Theodosius was Abbot at one of the four famed monasteries of Triglia.
(in Greek) Ὁ Ὅσιος Θεοδόσιος ἦταν ἡγούμενος σὲ μία ἀπὸ τὶς τέσσερις φημισμένες Μονὲς τῆς Τριγλίας, τοῦ Μιδηκίου, τοῦ Βαθέως Ρύακος, τοῦ Ἁγίου Στεφάνου καὶ τοῦ Ἁγίου Ἰωάννου. Κοιμήθηκε Ὁσίως μὲ εἰρήνη. - "At Rome, St. Almachius, martyr, who, by the command of Alipius, governor of the city, was killed by the gladiators for saying, "Today is the Octave of our Lord's birth; put an end to the worship of idols, and abstain from unclean sacrifices."[5]
- "In Africa, St. Fulgentius, bishop of Ruspoe, who suffered much from the Arians during the persecution of the Vandals, for holding the Catholic faith and teaching its excellent doctrine. After being banished to Sardinia, he was permitted to return to his diocese, where he ended his life by a holy death, leaving a reputation for sanctity and eloquence."[5]