Kuanchuanpu Formation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Geological formation in China
| Kuanchuanpu Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Fortunian | |
| Type | Geological Formation |
| Underlies | Guojiaba Formation |
| Overlies | Dengying Formation |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Limestone |
| Location | |
| Region | Shaanxi |
| Country | China |
The Kuanchuanpu Formation, occasionally reclassified as the Kuanchuanpu Member of the Dengying Formation, is a geologic formation located in Shaanxi province in China. It is one of the earliest Cambrian formations, dating right to the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary. This formation preserves numerous meiofauna through Orsten-type preservation.
Animals
Color key
|
Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
| Animals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
| Saccorhytus | S. coronarius | Ecdysozoa[1] | Formerly misidentified as a deuterostome,[2] debated whether it is a scalidophoran larva or an adult ecdysozoan[3][4] |  | |
| Saccus | S. necopinus, S. xixiangensis | Ecdysozoa | May resemble Saccorhytus as adults?[5] | ||
| Eolympia | E. pediculata | incertae sedis | At different points claimed to be a sea anemone,[6] a ctenophore[7] or a scalidophoran worm.[8] | ||
| Eopriapulites | E. sphinx | Ecdysozoa | A basal priapulid[8] or a stem-cycloneuralian[9] | ||
| Dahescolex | D. kuanchuanpuensis | Scalidophora | Likely a stem-scalidophoran[9] | ||
| Zhongpingscolex | Z. qinensis | Kinorhyncha? | Possibly a stem-group kinorhynch[10] | ||
| Eokinorhynchus | E. rarus | Kinorhyncha | First described kinorhynch fossil[11] | ||
| Qinscolex | Q. spinosus | Scalidophora | A stem-scalidophoran[12] | ||
| Shanscolex | S. decorus | Scalidophora | A stem-scalidophoran[12] | ||
| Xinliscolex | X. intermedius | Scalidophora | A stem-scalidophoran[13] | ||
| Feiyanella | F. manica | Cloudinidae | Shows dichotomous branching and so likely reproduced asexually[14] | ||
| Sinaster | S. petalon | Cubozoa | Likely a stem-cubozoan[15] | ||
| Hanagyroia | H. orientalis | Medusozoa | Transitional between scyphozoans and cubozoans[16] | ||
| Primocyathus | P. uniseriatus | Archaeocyatha | One of the earliest known sponges, and the earliest known archaeocyath[17] | ||
| Sinocyathus | S. biseriatus | Archaeocyatha | One of the earliest known sponges, and the earliest known archaeocyath[17] | ||
| Protohertzina | P. anabarica, P. unguliformis | Protoconodonta | An early protoconodont, included in Small Shelly Fossils[18] | ||
| Anabarites | A. trisulcatus, A. rotundus[19] | Anabaritidae | Enigmatic small shelly fossil,[18] may be related to olivooids[20] | ||
| Conotheca | C. subcurvata | Orthothecida | One of the earliest hyolith fossils known[18] | ||
| Siphogonuchites | S. mirus, S. triangularis | Siphogonuchitida | Sclerite of a possible early mollusc?[18] | ||
| Lopochites | L. quadrigonus, L. latizonalis | Siphogonuchitida | Sclerite of a possible early mollusc?[18] | ||
| Maikhanella | M. multa | Halkieriida? | Cap-like shell, possibly of an early mollusc?[18] | ||
| Carinachites | C. spinatus, C. platus[21] | Conulatae | Cnidarian sclerite, related to the conulariids[18][22] | ||
| Acanthocassis | A. orthacanthus[18] | incertae sedis | May be cuticular ornaments?[23] | ||
| Xinlispina | X. spinosa | incertae sedis | May be cuticular ornaments?[23] | ||
| Cambrothyra | C. truncata[18] | "Coeloscleritophora" | Resembles chancelloriid sclerites[24] | ||
| Hexaconularia | H. sp[18] | Conulariida? | An SSF allied with conulariids[25] | ||
| Punctatus | P. emeiensis | Eumetazoa | A well-studied fossil from Kuanchuanpu,[26][27][28] may not be a cnidarian?[29] | ||
| Olivooides | O. multisulcatus | Olivooidae | Possibly a cnidarian,[30][31][32] but may be a cycloneuralian instead[33] | ||
| Quadrapyrgites | Q. quadratacris | Olivooidae? | Related to Olivooides and Punctatus,[26][34] likely a scyphozoan[35] | ||
| Octapyrgites | O. elongatus | Olivooidae | A very large olivooid[36] | ||
| Qinscyphus | Q. necopinus | Scyphozoa[37][38] | Underwent direct development[39] | ||
| Eolarva | E. kuanchuanpuensis | Cnidaria? | Originally described as a cnidarian larva,[40] but reassigned to Ecdysozoa[3] | ||
| Pseudooides | P. prima | Cnidaria | Originally thought to be a scalidophoran larva[41] | ||
| Decimoconularia | D. anisfacialis | Hexangulaconulariidae | Formerly assigned to Hexaconularia[42] | ||
| Indeterminate limbed forms | Unapplicable | Bilateria | Possibly lobopodians or annelids, preserved unusually through microbial colonisation[43] | ||
| Emeiconularia | E. amplicanalis[21] | Hexangulaconulariidae | |||
Microbes and Algae
| Microbes and Algae | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
| Calathophycus | C. irregulatus | Diaphoretickes incertae sedis | Indeterminate cup-shaped alga, may be a fragment of a Dictyosphaeria-like form?[44] | ||
| Myxococcoides | M. sp | Cyanobacteria | Mat-forming coccoid cyanobacterium[45] | ||
| Gloeodiniopsis | G. lamellose | Chroococcaceae | Coccoid cyanobacterium[45] | ||
| Siphonophycus | S. solidum, S. typicum, S. cf. septatum | Oscillatoriales | Filamentous cyanobacterium[45] | ||
| Endoconchia? | ?E. sp | incertae sedis | Filaments growing on the inside of shelled fauna[45] | ||
| Palaeosiphonella | P. sp | Cyanobacteria | Filamentous cyanobacterium[45] | ||
| Megathrix | M. longus | Oscillatoriaceae | Filamentous cyanobacterium[45] | ||
| Girvanella | G. problematica, G. wetheredii | Oscillatoriaceae | Filamentous cyanobacteria, formed small irregular mats[46] | ||
| Cambricodium | C. capilloides | Rivulariaceae | Large filamentous cyanobacterium with a holdfast[46] | ||
| Archaeooides | A. granulatus | Diaphoretickes | Formerly thought to be an animal egg[47] | ||
| Shaanisphaera | S. spinosa | Diaphoretickes | Separated out from Archaeooides[47] | ||
| Qinlingisphaera | Q. conica | Diaphoretickes | Separated out from Archaeooides[47] | ||
| Dahisphaera | D. plana | Diaphoretickes | Separated out from Archaeooides[47] | ||
| Concavaesphaera | C. ornata | Eukaryota incertae sedis | Multicellular acritarch, likely an independent evolution of multicellularity[48] | ||
References
- ↑ Yunhuan Liu; Emily Carlisle; Huaqiao Zhang; Ben Yang; Michael Steiner; Tiequan Shao; Baichuan Duan; Federica Marone; Shuhai Xiao; Philip C. J. Donoghue (2022). "Saccorhytus is an early ecdysozoan and not the earliest deuterostome". Nature. 609 (7927): 541–546. Bibcode:2022Natur.609..541L. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05107-z. hdl:1983/454e7bec-4cd4-4121-933e-abeab69e96c1. PMID 35978194. S2CID 251646316.
- ↑ Han, Jian; Conway Morris, Simon; Ou, Qiang; Shu, Degan; Huang, Hai (2017). "Meiofaunal deuterostomes from the basal Cambrian of Shaanxi (China)". Nature. 542 (7640): 228–231. Bibcode:2017Natur.542..228H. doi:10.1038/nature21072. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 28135722. S2CID 353780.
- 1 2 Wang, Deng; Han, Jian; Guo, Junfeng; Qiang, Yaqin (March 2025). "Origin and evolution of bodyplans of ecdysozoans during the Cambrian explosion". Chinese Journal of Nature. 47 (2): 125–133. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2025.02.004.
- ↑ Vannier, Jean (December 2024). "The early Cambrian Saccorhytus is a non-feeding larva of a scalidophoran worm". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 291 (2036) 20241256. doi:10.1098/rspb.2024.1256. PMC 11614544. PMID 39626753.
- ↑ Liu, Mingjin; Xian, Xiaofeng; Zhang, Huaqiao; Eriksson, Mats E.; Liu, Yunhuan; Shao, Tiequan (February 2025). "New ecdysozoan fossil embryos from the basal Cambrian of China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 659 112635. Bibcode:2025PPP...65912635L. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112635.
- ↑ Jian Han; Shin Kubota; Hiro-omi Uchida; George D. Stanley Jr.; Xiaoyong Yao; Degan Shu; Yong Li; Kinya Yasui (2010). "Tiny Sea Anemone from the Lower Cambrian of China". PLOS ONE. 5 (10) e13276. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...513276H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013276. PMC 2954142. PMID 20967244.
- ↑ Zhao, Yang; Vinther, Jakob; Parry, Luke A.; Wei, Fan; Green, Emily; Pisani, Davide; Hou, Xianguang; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Cong, Peiyun (April 2019). "Cambrian Sessile, Suspension Feeding Stem-Group Ctenophores and Evolution of the Comb Jelly Body Plan". Current Biology. 29 (7): 1112–1125.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.036. hdl:1983/40a6bcb8-a740-482c-a23c-7d563faea5c5. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 30905603.
- 1 2 Liu, Y.; Xiao, S.; Shao, T.; Broce, J.; Zhang, H. (2014). "The oldest known priapulid-like scalidophoran animal and its implications for the early evolution of cycloneuralians and ecdysozoans". Evolution & Development. 16 (3): 155–165. doi:10.1111/ede.12076. PMID 24754444. S2CID 205095219.
- 1 2 Shao, T.Q.; Qin, J.C.; Shao, Y.; Liu, Y.H.; Waloszek, D.; Maas, A.; Duan, B.C.; Wang, Q.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, H.Q. (October 2020). "New macrobenthic cycloneuralians from the Fortunian (lowermost Cambrian) of South China". Precambrian Research. 349 105413. Bibcode:2020PreR..34905413S. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105413.
- ↑ Shao, T.Q.; Wang, Q.; Liu, Y.H.; Qin, J.C.; Zhang, Y.N.; Liu, M.J.; Shao, Y.; Zhao, J.Y.; Zhang, H.Q. (October 2020). "A new scalidophoran animal from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China and its implications for the origin and early evolution of Kinorhyncha". Precambrian Research. 349 105616. Bibcode:2020PreR..34905616S. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105616.
- ↑ Zhang, Huaqiao; Xiao, Shuhai; Liu, Yunhuan; Yuan, Xunlai; Wan, Bin; Muscente, A. D.; Shao, Tiequan; Gong, Hao; Cao, Guohua (26 November 2015). "Armored kinorhynch-like scalidophoran animals from the early Cambrian". Scientific Reports. 5 (1) 16521. Bibcode:2015NatSR...516521Z. doi:10.1038/srep16521. PMC 4660871. PMID 26610151.
- 1 2 Liu, Yunhuan; Qin, Jiachen; Wang, Qi; Maas, Andreas; Duan, Baichuan; Zhang, Yanan; Zhang, Hu; Shao, Tiequan; Zhang, Huaqiao (May 2019). "New armoured scalidophorans (Ecdysozoa, Cycloneuralia) from the Cambrian Fortunian Zhangjiagou Lagerstätte, South China". Papers in Palaeontology. 5 (2): 241–260. Bibcode:2019PPal....5..241L. doi:10.1002/spp2.1239.
- ↑ Zhang, Hua-Qiao (September 2022). "The evolutionary relationships of the earliest known cycloneuralians and a new record from the Cambrian Fortunian of South China". Palaeoworld. 31 (3): 389–401. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2021.09.003.
- ↑ Han, Jian; Cai, Yaoping; Schiffbauer, James D.; Hua, Hong; Wang, Xing; Yang, Xiaoguang; Uesugi, Kentaro; Komiya, Tsuyoshi; Sun, Jie (November 2017). "A Cloudina -like fossil with evidence of asexual reproduction from the lowest Cambrian, South China". Geological Magazine. 154 (6): 1294–1305. Bibcode:2017GeoM..154.1294H. doi:10.1017/S0016756816001187.
- ↑ Wang, Xing; Han, Jian; Vannier, Jean; Ou, Qiang; Yang, Xiaoguang; Uesugi, Kentaro; Sasaki, Osamu; Komiya, Tsuyoshi (November 2017). "Anatomy and affinities of a new 535-million-year-old medusozoan from the Kuanchuanpu Formation, South China". Palaeontology. 60 (6): 853–867. Bibcode:2017Palgy..60..853W. doi:10.1111/pala.12320.
- ↑ Wang, Xing; Vannier, Jean; Yang, Xiaoguang; Kubota, Shin; Ou, Qiang; Yao, Xiaoyong; Uesugi, Kentaro; Sasaki, Osamu; Komiya, Tsuyoshi; Han, Jian (September 2020). "An intermediate type of medusa from the early Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation, South China". Palaeontology. 63 (5): 775–789. Bibcode:2020Palgy..63..775W. doi:10.1111/pala.12483.
- 1 2 Wang, Qi; Dai, Qiaokun; Vayda, Prescott; Luo, Jinzhou; Shao, Tiequan; Liu, Yunhuan; Hua, Hong; Xiao, Shuhai (1 June 2025). "Fortunian archaeocyath sponges acquired biomineralization in the beginning of the Cambrian explosion". Geology. 53 (6): 540–544. Bibcode:2025Geo....53..540W. doi:10.1130/G53249.1.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Steiner, Michael; Li, Guoxiang; Qian, Yi; Zhu, Maoyan (1 January 2004). "Lower Cambrian small shelly fossils of northern Sichuan and southern Shaanxi (China), and their biostratigraphic importance". Geobios. 37 (2): 259–275. Bibcode:2004Geobi..37..259S. doi:10.1016/J.GEOBIOS.2003.08.001.
- ↑ Conway Morris, S.; Menge, Chen (November 1989). "Lower Cambrian anabaritids from south China". Geological Magazine. 126 (6): 615–632. Bibcode:1989GeoM..126..615C. doi:10.1017/S0016756800006920.
- ↑ Zhang, Ya-Nan; Liu, Yun-Huan; Shao, Tie-Quan; Wang, Qi; Qin, Jia-Chen; Li, Lin-Lu; Zhou, Xing-Yu (December 2022). "The morphology and affinity of anabaritids revealed by their internal molds from the Cambrian Fortunian, southern Shaanxi, China". Palaeoworld. 31 (4): 600–606. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2022.03.008.
- 1 2 Liu, Yunhuan; Li, Yong; Shao, Tiequan; Wang, Yaopei; Yu, Bo; Han, Huiping; Yang, Jian (1 January 2005). "Two new species of protoconulariids from the early cambrian in south Shaanxi, Chin". Wei Ti Gu Sheng Wu Xue Bao = Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica. 22 (3): 311–321. ISSN 1000-0674.
- ↑ Han, Jian; Li, Guoxiang; Wang, Xing; Yang, Xiaoguang; Guo, Junfeng; Sasaki, Osamu; Komiya, Tsuyoshi (January 2018). "Olivooides-like tube aperture in early Cambrian carinachitids (Medusozoa, Cnidaria)". Journal of Paleontology. 92 (1): 3–13. Bibcode:2018JPal...92....3H. doi:10.1017/jpa.2017.10.
- 1 2 Tiequan, Shao; Yunhuan, Liu; Qi, Wang; Huaqiao, Zhang; Hanhua, Tang; Xi, Cao; Huahua, He; Yanan, Zhang; Yuan, Li; Panlin, Zheng; Chengyu, Zhu; Jiaxi, Hu (October 2015). "New Small Shelly Fossils ( Acanthocassis and Xinlispina Gen. Nov.) from the Fortunian Stage (Early Cambrian) in Southern China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 89 (5): 1470–1481. Bibcode:2015AcGlS..89.1470S. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12558.
- ↑ Moore, John L.; Porter, Susannah M.; Steiner, Michael; Li, Guoxiang (November 2010). "Cambrothyra ampulliformis , an unusual coeloscleritophoran from the Lower Cambrian of Shaanxi Province, China". Journal of Paleontology. 84 (6): 1040–1060. Bibcode:2010JPal...84.1040M. doi:10.1666/09-091.1.
- ↑ Van Iten, Heyo; Maoyan, Zhu; Li, Guoxiang (January 2010). "Redescription of Hexaconularia He and Yang, 1986 (Lower Cambrian, South China): implications for the affinities of conulariid-like small shelly fossils". Palaeontology. 53 (1): 191–199. Bibcode:2010Palgy..53..191V. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00925.x.
- 1 2 Li, Peng; Hua, Hong; Zhang, LuYi; Zhang, DongDong; Jin, XianBao; Liu, Zhu (October 2007). "Lower Cambrian phosphatized Punctatus from southern Shaanxi and their ontogeny sequence". Chinese Science Bulletin. 52 (20): 2820–2828. Bibcode:2007ChSBu..52.2820L. doi:10.1007/s11434-007-0447-y.
- ↑ Liu, Yunhuan; Li, Yong; Shao, Tiequan; Zhu, Zhixin; Zhang, Wanqian; Wang, Zhuo; Yang, Weixian; Li, Rongxi (January 2008). "Phosphatized rare star-like mouth disc of Punctatus and its functional morphology from the earliest Cambrian of the South Shaanxi China". Frontiers of Biology in China. 3 (1): 106–112. doi:10.1007/s11515-008-0005-2.
- ↑ Liu, Yunhuan; Li, Yong; Shao, Tiequan; Zhu, Zhixin; Yu, Bo; Wang, Zhuo; Zhang, Wanqian; Li, Rongxi (February 2007). "Phosphatized Punctatus with mouthparts and its embryo fossils from the Lower Cambrian of Ningqiang, south Shaanxi, China". Frontiers of Earth Science in China. 1 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2007FrESC...1....1L. doi:10.1007/s11707-007-0001-x.
- ↑ Yasui, Kinya; Reimer, James D.; Liu, Yunhuan; Yao, Xiaoyong; Kubo, Daisuke; Shu, Degan; Li, Yong (20 June 2013). "A Diploblastic Radiate Animal at the Dawn of Cambrian Diversification with a Simple Body Plan: Distinct from Cnidaria?". PLOS ONE. 8 (6) e65890. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...865890Y. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065890. PMC 3688687. PMID 23840375.
- ↑ Jian, Han; Guoxiang, Li; Shin, Kubota; Qiang, Ou; Sho, Toshino; Xing, Wang; Xiaoguang, Yang; Kentaro, Uesugi; Hoshino, Masato; Osamu, Sasaki; Harumasa, Kano; Tomohiko, Sato; Tsuyoshi, Komiya (February 2016). "Internal Microanatomy and Zoological Affinity of the Early Cambrian Olivooides". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 90 (1): 38–65. Bibcode:2016AcGlS..90...38H. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12641.
- ↑ Chen, Fang; Dong, XiPing (December 2008). "The internal structure of Early Cambrian fossil embryo Olivooides revealed in the light of Synchrotron X-ray Tomographic Microscopy". Science Bulletin. 53 (24): 3860–3865. Bibcode:2008SciBu..53.3860C. doi:10.1007/s11434-008-0452-9.
- ↑ Dong, Xi-Ping; Cunningham, John A.; Bengtson, Stefan; Thomas, Ceri-Wyn; Liu, Jianbo; Stampanoni, Marco; Donoghue, Philip C. J. (22 April 2013). "Embryos, polyps and medusae of the Early Cambrian scyphozoan Olivooides". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 280 (1757) 20130071. Bibcode:2013PBioS.28030071D. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.0071. PMC 3619488. PMID 23446532.
- ↑ Steiner, Michael; Qian, Yi; Li, Guoxiang; Hagadorn, James W.; Zhu, Maoyan (March 2014). "The developmental cycles of early Cambrian Olivooidae fam. nov. (?Cycloneuralia) from the Yangtze Platform (China)". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 398: 97–124. Bibcode:2014PPP...398...97S. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.08.016.
- ↑ Liu, Yunhuan; Li, Yong; Shao, Tiequan; Zhang, Huaqiao; Wang, Qi; Qiao, Jinpeng (November 2014). "Quadrapyrgites from the lower Cambrian of South China: growth pattern, post-embryonic development, and affinity". Chinese Science Bulletin. 59 (31): 4086–4095. Bibcode:2014ChSBu..59.4086L. doi:10.1007/s11434-014-0481-5.
- ↑ Tiequan, Shao; Qi, Wang; Yunhuan, Liu; Yanan, Zhang; Hewei, Li; Bo, Hu; Chuang, Li; Zhiguo, Dong; Hongtao, Zhang (August 2015). "Review of Research on Early Cambrian Phosphatized Quadrapyrgites". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 89 (4): 1398–1405. Bibcode:2015AcGlS..89.1398S. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12535.
- ↑ Guo, Junfeng; Han, Jian; Van Iten, Heyo; Song, Zuchen; Qiang, Yaqin; Wang, Wenzhe; Zhang, Zhifei; Li, Guoxiang; Sun, Yifei; Sun, Jie (May 2020). "A new tetraradial olivooid (Medusozoa) from the lower Cambrian (Stage 2) Yanjiahe Formation, South China". Journal of Paleontology. 94 (3): 457–466. Bibcode:2020JPal...94..457G. doi:10.1017/jpa.2019.101.
- ↑ Zhang, Yanan; Liu, Yunhuan; Shao, Tiequan; Qin, Jiachen (17 March 2023). "New Qinscyphus material from the Fortunian of South China". Frontiers in Earth Science. 11 1038686. Bibcode:2023FrEaS..1138686Z. doi:10.3389/feart.2023.1038686.
- ↑ Liu, Yunhuan; Shao, Tiequan; Zhang, Huaqiao; Wang, Qi; Zhang, Yanan; Chen, Cheng; Liang, Yongchun; Xue, Jiaqi (July 2017). "A new scyphozoan from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China". Palaeontology. 60 (4): 511–518. Bibcode:2017Palgy..60..511L. doi:10.1111/pala.12306.
- ↑ Qin, Jiachen; Liu, Yunhuan; Wang, Qi; Zhang, Hu; Zhang, Yanan; Liu, Mingjin; Wu, Xieting; Gao, Zhenli; Zhang, Xiang (August 2020). "A New Fortunian Scyphozoa and its Development". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 94 (4): 1303–1304. Bibcode:2020AcGlS..94.1303Q. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.13838.
- ↑ Zhang, Huaqiao; Dong, Xi-Ping (November 2015). "The oldest known larva and its implications for the plesiomorphy of metazoan development". Science Bulletin. 60 (22): 1947–1953. Bibcode:2015SciBu..60.1947Z. doi:10.1007/s11434-015-0886-9.
- ↑ Duan, Baichuan; Dong, Xi-Ping; Porras, Luis; Vargas, Kelly; Cunningham, John A.; Donoghue, Philip C. J. (20 December 2017). "The early Cambrian fossil embryo Pseudooides is a direct-developing cnidarian, not an early ecdysozoan". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 284 (1869) 20172188. doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.2188. PMC 5745419. PMID 29237861.
- ↑ Song, Zuchen; Guo, Junfeng; Han, Jian; Van Iten, Heyo; Qiang, Yaqin; Peng, Jiaxin; Sun, Jie; Zheng, Yajuan; Huang, Xinyao; Zhang, Zhifei (13 January 2023). "A new species of Decimoconularia (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) from the Lower Cambrian of South China". Frontiers in Earth Science. 10 1048800. Bibcode:2023FrEaS..1048800S. doi:10.3389/feart.2022.1048800.
- ↑ Yang, Xiaoguang; Wang, Deng; Zhang, Zhiliang; Wang, Xing; Sun, Jie; Hao, Wenjing; Liu, Yiqun; Uesugi, Kentaro; Komiya, Tsuyoshi; Han, Jian (5 July 2024). "Basal Cambrian soft-bodied segmented bilaterians preserved as microbial pseudomorphs". bioRxiv 10.1101/2024.07.03.601876.
- ↑ Tang, Qingqin; Zheng, Yajuan; Qin, Song; Wang, Yinchu; Yang, Xiaoguang; Wang, Xing; Sun, Jie; Uesugi, Kentaro; Komiya, Tsuyoshi; Han, Jian (2022). "New materials of multicellular algae from the earliest Cambrian Kuanchuanpu biota in South China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 67. doi:10.4202/app.00946.2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cui, Linhao; Liu, Wei; Zhang, Xingliang (March 2020). "Phosphatized microbial fossils from the lowest Cambrian of South China and their ecological and environmental implications for the Kuanchuanpu biota". Precambrian Research. 338 105560. Bibcode:2020PreR..33805560C. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105560.
- 1 2 Min, Xiao; Hua, Hong; Sun, Bo; Dai, Qiaokun; Luo, Jinzhou (March 2024). "Phosphatised calcified cyanobacteria at the terminal Ediacaran and the earliest Cambrian transition stage: Response to the paleoenvironment". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 638 112057. Bibcode:2024PPP...63812057M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112057.
- 1 2 3 4 Xian, Xiaofeng; Eriksson, Mats E.; Zhang, Huaqiao (March 2024). "Reassessment of Archaeooides based on new material from the Fortunian (early Cambrian) of China infers algal affinity". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 637 112011. Bibcode:2024PPP...63712011X. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.112011.
- ↑ Liu, Wei; Yin, Zongjun; Pan, Bing; Shen, Bing; Dong, Lin; Li, Guoxiang (November 2023). "Germ-soma differentiation and reproduction in a new species of early Cambrian acritarch". Palaeontology. 66 (6) 12687. Bibcode:2023Palgy..6612687L. doi:10.1111/pala.12687.