List of Jewish diaspora languages
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of languages and groups of languages that developed within Jewish diaspora communities through contact with surrounding languages.[1]
Cushitic languages
Semitic languages
Arabic languages
- Karaite Egyptian Arabic, based on old Egyptian Arabic[5]
Aramaic languages
Other Afro-Asiatic languages
- Judeo-Berber[1] (a group of different Jewish Berber languages and their dialects)
Austronesian languages
Dravidian languages
(both written in local alphabets)
Indo-European languages
Germanic languages
Indo-Aryan languages
- Judeo-Gujarati[10]
- Judeo-Hindustani[11][12]
- Judeo-Marathi[12]
- Judeo-Urdu †
Iranian languages
- Judeo-Bukharic (Bukhari, Bukhori, Judeo-Tajik)[13] (with some city koinés, e.g., Judeo-Tajik koiné of Samarkand)
- Judeo-Golpaygani[13] †
- Judeo-Hamedani[13] (possibly extinct)
- Judeo-Kashani
- Judeo-Persian (Dzhidi, Jidi)[13]
- Judeo-Shirazi[13][14]
- Judeo-Tat (Juhuri)[15]
Romance languages
- Judeo-Aragonese †(have some impact on Judeo-Spanish citylect of Skopje)[citation needed]
- Judeo-Navarro-Aragonese with a significant Jewish koiné of Tudela †[citation needed]
- Judeo-Asturleonese † (have some lexical traces in Judeo-Spanish)[citation needed]
- Judeo-French (Zarphatic):[1] a group of Jewish northern oïl languages and their dialects †
- Judeo-Portuguese[1] (almost extinct, still preserved in small communities of Portugal, Northern Africa and the Netherlands)
- Judeo-Galician †[citation needed]
- Judaeo-Catalan † (existence doubted)
- Judeo-Sicilian[16] (including the zone of so-called Meridionali Estremi (Far Southern) dialects of Sicily, Calabria and Apulia, including Judeo-Salentino of Corfu) (extinct or almost extinct)[citation needed]
Occitan
- Judeo-Provençal[1] †
- Judeo-Niçard †
Judeo-Spanish (Judezmo, Ladino)
Source:[1]
Judeo-Italian
- Judeo-Ferrarese † (Giudeo-Ferrarese) in Ferrara[17]
- Judeo-Modenese † (Giudeo-Modenese) in Modena[17]
- Judeo-Pitigliano/ Judeo-Pitgilianese † (Giudeo-Pitigliano/ Giudeo-Pitgiliananese) in Tuscany[17]
- Judeo-Salentinian † (Giudeo-Salentino) In Salentino[17]
- Judeo-Resan † (Giudeo-Resab) in the region of Reggio Emilia of Emilia-Romagna[17]
- Judeo-Torinese † (Giudeo-Torinese) in Turin[18]
- Judeo-Italian of Lugo Di Romanga † (Giudeo-italiano di Lugo Di Romanga) in Lugo Di Romanga[19]
- Judeo-Italian of Moncalvo † (Giudeo-italiano di Moncalvo) in Moncalvo[19]
- Judeo-Italian of Casale Monferrato † (Giudeo-italiano di Casale Monferrato) in Casale Monferrato[19]
- Judeo-Italian of Finale Emilia † (Giudeo-italiano di Finale Emilia) in Finale Emilia[19]
- Judeo-Roman (Giudeo-Romanesco) in Rome[20]
- Bagitto/Judeo-Livornese † (Bagitto/Giudeo-Livornese) in Livorno[20]
- Judeo-Florentine † (Giudeo-Fiorentino) in Florence[20]
- Judeo-Venetian † (Giudeo-Veneziano) in Venice[20]
- Judeo-Triestine † (Giudeo-Triestino) in Trieste[20]
- Judeo-Veronese † (Giudeo-Veronese) in Verona[20]
- Judeo-Reggiano † (Giudeo-Reggiano) in Reggio Emilia[20]
- Judeo-Piedmontese † (Giudeo-Piemontese) in the region of Piedmont[20]
- Judeo-Mantuan † (Giudeo-Mantovano) in Mantua[20]
Other Indo-European languages
Kartvelian languages
Turkic languages
- Judeo-Azerbaijani (dialect of previously Aramaic-speaking Jews of Miyandoab)[citation needed]
- Judeo-Crimean Tatar (Krymchak)[25] (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Turkish[26] (Influenced the Krymchak and some of Karaim languages, or even was the origin of some of them)
- Karaim[1] (almost extinct, most likely a group of separate Turkic languages with Kypchak and Oghuz traces With Hebrew words)[citation needed]