List of London Underground electric multiple units

Electric multiple units have operated on the London Underground since 1898, and exclusively since 1961.^[1] They are of two sizes, smaller deep-tube trains and larger sub-surface trains that are of a similar size to those on British main lines.

The Waterloo & City line opened in 1898 with electric multiple units,^[2] and the later tube railways followed, using trains that were known as gate stock, as access was via lattice gates at each end of each car.^[3] The earlier railways had electrified the underground sections by 1907.^[4] Pneumatic sliding doors were introduced on tube trains in 1920^[5] and sub-surface trains in the late 1930s.^[6] Until the early 1960s an electric locomotive was exchanged for a steam locomotive on the Metropolitan line beyond Rickmansworth.^[7] The Victoria line opened in the late 1960s using Automatic Train Operation (ATO),^[8] and the last train with a guard ran in 2000.^[9]

District Railway

Before 1933 the sub-surface lines were run by two companies, the District Railway and Metropolitan Railway. As the Circle line was operated jointly, they collaborated in building a prototype in 1900.^[10]

Stock	Image	Entered service	Withdrawn	Line(s)	Notes
Joint Prototype		1900	1900	District	A 6-car train, 3 cars owned by each company^[10]

Initially District Railway cars were compatible, except for A Stock, and trains were made up from cars of any age,^[11] until the incompatible F Stock arrived in 1920.^[12] The District classified its rolling stock using letters of the alphabet in 1925,^[13] before the fleet was rebuilt, forming main line and local pools.^[14] The H Stock designation was used in 1925 for rebuilt B Stock cars and by LT in the 1930s for the remaining cars with hand-operated doors.^[15]

Stock	Introduced	Withdrawn	Notes
A Stock	1903	1925	Two prototype 7-car trains.^[16]
B Stock	1905	—	Motor cars converted into 1926 H Stock.^[17]
C Stock	1911	—	Rebuilt 1926–30,^[18] reclassified as 1938 H Stock by LT.^[19]
D Stock	1912	—	Rebuilt 1926–30,^[18] reclassified as 1938 H Stock by LT.^[19]
E Stock	1914	—	Rebuilt 1926–30,^[18] reclassified as 1938 H Stock by LT.^[19]
F Stock	1920	1963	Incompatible with the other District Railway trains, transferred to the Metropolitan line in the 1950s^[20]
G Stock	1923	1959	Converted to Q23 Stock except for the single G23 cars that operated South Acton shuttles.^[21]
H Stock	1926	1923–35	Converted B Stock cars^[22]
K Stock	1927^[23]	—	Converted to Q Stock from 1937
L Stock	1931^[24]	—	Converted to Q Stock from 1937

Metropolitan Railway

The Metropolitan Railway used both Westinghouse (BWE) and Thomson-Houston (BTH) control equipment, making the cars incompatible. Originally cars had a saloon layout, but after 1906 surplus bogie compartment carriages built in 1898 and 1900 were converted. Compartment stock was introduced on Watford services after 1927.

Class	Introduced	Withdrawn	Formation	Motor cars	Comments
V	1905	from 1936	7-car	150 BWE 200 BTH	The original electric rolling stock, built in 1904–06.^[25]
Hammersmith & City	1906	from 1937	6-car	150 BTH	Jointly owned with the Great Western Railway. Some trains lent to the Mersey Railway 1942–45.^[26]
W	1906	by 1939	5-car to 8-car	1927/30/31	Bogie stock trailers that ran with 150 BWE motor cars before converted to run with the 200 BTH motor cars. Converted to run with motor cars from the MW pool in 1927.^[27]
M	1906	by 1939	7-car, then 8-car	200 BTH	Bogie stock conversion^[28]
N	1906	1939	6-car, then 4-car	150 BWE	Bogie stock conversion^[29]
Circle	1913/21	1950	5-car	200 BTH 200 BWE	Refurbished after 1933, when the motors were replaced.^[30]
Hustle S	1919/25		8-car	Experimental compartment stock with swing doors, and motor cars with electro-pneumatic control equipment^[31]
MV	1927–29	—	7-car	1927	Compartment stock, the MV stock trailers rebuilt from carriages. Converted in 1935 and reclassified T Stock in 1938.^[32]
MW	1929–33	—	8-car	1927/30/31

London Transport

In 1933 the Metropolitan and District railways were merged with the other underground railways, tramway companies and bus operators to form the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB), which continued the District Railway classification system.^[33]

Stock	Entered service	Withdrawn	Line(s)	Notes
H Stock	—	1957	District	Second use of the designation, for District Railway trains that remained with hand-operated doors.^[34]
M/N Stock	1935	—	Hammersmith & City District	Converted to Q Stock in 1937^[35]
O/P Stock	1937	1981	Circle, Hammersmith & City, Metropolitan, East London and District	Converted to CO/CP stock in the 1950s.^[36]
Q Stock	1938	1971	District East London	District Railway cars built after 1923 with new Q38 cars.^[37]
R Stock	1950^[38]	1983	District	Q38 cars formed with new cars.^[39]
T Stock	1938	1962	Metropolitan	Converted from Metropolitan Railway compartment stock^[40]
A Stock	1961	2012	Metropolitan East London	^[41]^[42]
C Stock	1970–78	2014	Circle District Hammersmith & City	^[43]^[44]
D Stock	1980–83	2017	District	^[43]^[45]^[46]
S Stock	2010–17	In service	Metropolitan (2010–current) Hammersmith & City (2012–current) Circle (2013–current) District (2013–current)	In service^[47]

Great Northern & City

The Great Northern & City Railway (now the Northern City Line) was a tube built in the early 20th century with an internal diameter of 16 feet (4.9 m) to take main-line trains.

Stock	Entered service	Withdrawn	Line(s)	Notes
GN&C Stock	1904	1939	Northern City Line	Replaced by Standard Stock^[48]^[49]

Tube stock

The deep-level tubes use smaller trains that run in two circular tunnels with a diameter of about 11 feet 8 inches (3.56 m).

Stock	Entered service	Withdrawn	Line(s)	Notes
Original Waterloo & City line stock	1898	1940	Waterloo & City	^[50]
1903 Stock	1903^[51]	1939^[52]	Central	Central London Stock, with trailers rebuilt from locomotive hauled cars that entered service in 1900.^[53] Refurbished in 1926–28.^[54]
Gate Stock	1906^[55]	1930	Bakerloo, Northern, Piccadilly	Except for two cars that ran on the Aldwych branch and were scrapped in 1956.^[56]
1914 Stock	1914	circa 1935 ^{[citation needed]}	Bakerloo	For the extension to Paddington^[57]
1915 Stock	1917		Bakerloo, Central	Motor cars, used on the Bakerloo line until replaced by Joint Stock in 1920/21. Refurbished with the rest of the Central London Stock in 1926–28.^[58]
Watford Joint Stock	1920	1930–31^[59]	Bakerloo	Jointly owned with the London & North Western Railway,^[60] and replaced by Standard Stock with air-operated doors. Three 3-car sets were modified for use by the LMSR on the Watford Junction-Rickmansworth and Croxley Green shuttles. These were withdrawn in 1939.^[59]
1919/22 Stock	1920	1938	Bakerloo, Piccadilly	First trains with air-operated doors^[5]
Standard Stock	1923	1966	Bakerloo, Central, Northern, Piccadilly, Northern City Line	Also known as pre-1938^[61]^[48] Standard Stock trains ran on the Isle of Wight 1967–92.^[62]
1935 Stock	1935	1976 ^{[citation needed]}		Four six-car prototypes, some with air-conditioning and stream-lining. Non-streamlined units converted into two cars in 1940^[63]
1938 Stock	1938	1988^[64]	Bakerloo, Piccadilly, Northern, Northern City Line, East London	Withdrawn in 1985, but five trains re-entered service the following year to allow stock to be converted for One Person Operation.^[65] In 1989 some trains were sold to replace Standard Stock on the Isle of Wight.^[66]
Waterloo & City 1940s stock	1940	1993	Waterloo & City	^[67]^[68]
1949 Stock	1951	1978 ^{[citation needed]}	Bakerloo, Northern, Piccadilly	To supplement 1938 Stock^[69]
1956 Stock	1957	2000 ^{[citation needed]}	Bakerloo, Northern, Piccadilly	Prototype trains with unpainted aluminium bodies.^[70]
1959 Stock	1959	2000^[9]	Central, Bakerloo, Northern, Piccadilly	Minor changes from 1956 Stock
1960 Stock	1960	1994 ^{[citation needed]}	Central	Prototype motors cars that ran with converted pre-1938 Stock, then converted 1938 Stock.^[71]
1962 Stock	1962	1999 ^{[citation needed]}	Central, Piccadilly, Northern	Compatible with 1959 Stock.^[72]
1967 Stock	1968^[73]	2009–11^[74]	Victoria
1972 Stock	1972–75	In service	Bakerloo^[43]^[75]
1973 Stock	1975–78	In service	Piccadilly^[43]^[76]
1983 Stock	1984	1997–98	Jubilee	^[77]
1986 Stock	1986–87	1989	Jubilee	Prototypes^[78]
1992 Stock	1993–95	In service	Central, Waterloo & City^[43]^[79]
1995 Stock	1997–2000	In service	Northern^[43]^[80]
1996 Stock	1997–1998	In service	Jubilee^[43]^[81]
2009 Stock	2009–2011	In service	Victoria^[82]

v t e Electric multiple units of Great Britain
AC units (300–399)	300 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 (I) 316 (II) 316 (III) 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 325 331 (I)¹ 331 (II) 332 333 334 341 342 345 350 (I)² 350 (II) 357 360 365 370 371 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 385 387 390 395 397
AC units DC units (700–899)	700 701 705³ 707 710 711 (I)³ 711 (II)⁴ 717 720 730 745 755⁵ 756⁵ 768⁵ 769⁵ 777 780 799⁵ 800⁵ 801 802⁵ 803 (I)⁶ 803 (II) 804⁷ 805⁵ 807 810⁵ 895 897
AC units (pre-TOPS)	AM1 AM2 AM3 AM4 AM5 AM6 AM7 AM8 AM9 AM10 AM11 LB&SCR CP LB&SCR CW LB&SCR SL MR Lancaster units
DC units (400–599)	401 402 403 404 405 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 427 430 431 432 438 442 444 445 446 447 450 455 456 457 458 460 465 466 471 480 482 (I) 482 (II) 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 499 (I) 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 510
DC units (original TOPS)	411 412 413 414 421 422 423 424 431 432 441 442 451 452 453 461 462 491 492
DC units (pre-TOPS)	LMS electric units LNER Tyneside units LNWR electric units LOR electric units LYR electric units Mersey Railway electric units MSJ&AR electric units NER electric units W&CR electric units
Battery units	BEMU 230⁵ 781
Hydrogen units	600 614
Southern Railway designations	2-BIL 2-EPB 2-HAL 2-HAP 2-NOL 2-PAN 2-PEP 2-SAP 2-SL 2-TIS 2-WIM 3-CEP 3-CIG 3-COP 3-SUB 3-TC 3-TIS 4-BEP 4-BIG 4-BUF 4-CAP 4-CEP 4-CIG 4-COM 4-COR 4-DD 4-DES 4-EPB 4-GRI 4-JOP 4-LAV 4-PEP 4-PER 4-REP 4-RES 4-SUB 4-TC 4-TEP 4-VEC 4-VEG 4-VEP 4-VIP 4-VOP 5-BEL 5-DES 5-TCB 5-VEC 5-WES 6-CIT 6-PAN 6-PUL 6-REP 7-TC 8-DIG 8-GAT 8-MIG 8-VAB GLV MLV TLV
Miscellaneous units	398 399 499 (II) 555 599
Families	1959 design 1972 design Mark 2-derived Mark 3-derived A-Train APT Aventra Citylink Civity D-Train Desiro Electrostar FLIRT Coradia Juniper METRO Networker TGV Tube⁸ Velaro
Notes	1: Renumbered as Class 332 2: Renumbered as Class 325 3: Renumbered as Class 701 4: Renumbered as Class 720/6 5: Bi- or tri-mode unit 6: Renumbered as Class 802/2 7: Renumbered as Class 810 8: Grouping of different rolling stock types built to loading gauge of London Underground deep tube lines
British electric multiple units List of locomotives List of diesel multiple units List of electric multiple units List of departmental multiple units Rolling stock of Network SouthEast

List of London Underground electric multiple units

District Railway

Metropolitan Railway

London Transport

Great Northern & City

Tube stock

References

Notes

Books

External links

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