List of Ottoman imperial consorts

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of consorts of the Ottoman sultans, the wives and concubines of the monarchs of the Ottoman Empire who ruled over the transcontinental empire from its inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922.

Honorific and titles

Hatun

Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: خاتون) was used as an honorific for women in the Ottoman period, roughly equivalent to the English term Lady. The term was being used for the Ottoman sultan's consorts. When the son of one of the consorts ascended the throne she became Valide Hatun (Mother of Sultan).

Sultan

Sultan (سلطان) is a word of Arabic origin, originally meaning "authority" or "dominion". By the beginning of the 16th century, the title of sultan, carried by both men and women of the Ottoman dynasty, was replacing other titles by which prominent members of the imperial family had been known (notably hatun for women and bey for men), with imperial women carrying the title of "Sultan" after their given names. Consequently, the title "Valide Hatun" also turned into "Valide Sultan". In this time, the title "Haseki Sultan" was created and used for the legal wife or Chief Consort of the Ottoman Sultan. For example, Hafsa Sultan, Suleiman's mother and first valide sultan, and Hürrem Sultan, Suleiman's legal wife and first haseki sultan. This usage underlines the Ottoman conception of sovereign power as family prerogative.^[1] Towards the end of the seventeenth century the title hatun and sultan for imperial consorts was replaced by Kadın and Ikbal.

Kadın

Kadın (Ottoman Turkish: قادين) was the title given to the consorts of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. The title officially first came in use during the reign of Sultan Suleiman II. The Sultan could have up to four and some times five women with the imperial rank of Kadın and unlimited number of women with the rank of Ikbal.

Ikbal

Ikbal (Ottoman Turkish: اقبال) was the title given to the official consorts of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who came below the rank of Kadın. Their honorific was "Hanim".

Consorts of the Ottoman sultans

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Name	Birth name	Origin	Place of Origin	Marriage	Spouse
Rabia Bala Hatun^[2]	Rabia	Turkish	Turkey	Legal wife	Osman I
Kameriye Malhun Hatun^[2]	Mal	Turkish^[2]	Turkey	Legal wife
Fülane Hatun	unknown	unknown	unknown
Bayalun Hatun			Anatolian beyliks		Orhan I
Eftendize Hatun ^[3]	Eftendize	Turkish	Turkey	13th century
Asporça Hatun		Byzantine Greek	Byzantine Empire
Valide Nilüfer Hatun		Byzantine Greek	Byzantine Empire
Theodora Hatun	Theodora Kantakouzene	Byzantine Greek	Byzantine Empire	1347 (legal marriage)
Theodora Uroš	Theodora Nemanjić			c. 1351
Valide Gülçiçek Hatun^[4]	unknown	Greek	Bithynia^[5]	1359 (disputed)	Murad I
Fülane Hatun^[6]	unknown			1366
Paşa Melek Hatun^[7]^[8]^[9]
Fülane Hatun^[6]	unknown			after 1372
Kera Thamara Hatun	Kera Tamara	Bulgarian	Bulgarian Empire	1376/1378 (legal marriage)
Fülane Hatun^[10]^[11]^[6]	unknown			c. 1383
Maria Hatun^[12]^[6]	Maria Paleologa		Byzantine Empire	1389
Fülane Hatun	Olga Dejanovic Dragas	Serbian, daughter of Konstantin of Kostendil'^[13]	Serbian Empire	1372 (legal marriage)	Bayezid I
Sultan Hatun		Turkish	Kütahya, Germinayid Principality	1378 (disputed)
Angelina Hatun	Angelina	Greek^[14]^[15]	Greece
Hafsa Hatun^[16]^{[page needed]}	Hâfize	Turkish	Birgi, Aydinid Principality	1390 (legal marriage)
Olivera Despina	Mileva Olivera Lazarević	Serbian	Kruševac, Serbia	1390 (legal marriage)
Marija Hatun	Maria	Daughter of the Hungarian count Janos, she was freed by Timur and handed over to Henry III of Castile. She later married Payo Gomez de Soto Mayor.^[14]^[17]	Hungary
Karamanoğlu Hatun		Turkish
Valide Devlet Hatun	?	unknown	unknown
Valide Emine Hatun	Emine	Turkish	Elbistan, Dulkadirid Principality		Mehmed I
Şahzade Hatun		Turkish	Amasya, Kutluşah Principality
Kumru Hatun		?
Halime Hatice Hatun		Turkish			Murad II
Valide Hüma Hatun		Slavic, Italian, Jewish or Greek^[5]^[16]^{[page needed]}
Mara Despina Sultan	Mara Branković	Serb	Serbian Despotate	1435 (legal marriage)
Yeni Hatun		Turkish	Turkey
Valide Gülbahar Hatun^[18]^[19]^[20]		Albanian,^[21] Slavic,^[22] Pontic Greek^[5] or Turkish^[23]	Unknown		Mehmed II
Gülşah Hatun		?	?
Anna Hatun	Anna Komenene	Greek	Greece
Sittişah Hatun	Mükrime	Turkish	Elbistan, Dulkadirid Principality	1449 (legal marriage)
Çiçek Hatun		Serb or Turkish
Helena Hatun	Helena Palaiologina	Greek	Greece
Hatice Hatun	Hatice	Turkish
Şirin Hatun					Bayezid II
Hüsnüşah Hatun
Bülbül Hatun
Nigar Hatun
Gülruh Hatun
Ayşe Hatun	Ayşe	Turkish	Elbistan, Dulkadirid Principality
Muhtereme Ferahşad Hatun
Gülbahar Hatun
Gülfem Hatun
Mühurnaz Hatun
Ayşe Hatun^[24]	Ayşe	Crimean	Crimean Khanate		Selim I
Valide Ayşe Hafsa Sultan^[25]	unknown	Slave of European or Circassian origin^[23]^[26]^[27]	Europe or Circassia		Selim I
Yasemin Hatun^[28]	unknown	unknown	unknown		Suleiman I
Server Hatun^[28]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Hubeh Hatun^[28]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Mahidevran Gülbahar Hatun^[28]	unknown	Albanian,^[29] Circassian,^[29] Montenegrin^[30] or Crimean	Albania, Circassia, Montenegro or Crimea
Haseki Hürrem Sultan	Aleksandra^[31] or Anastajza^[32]	Ruthenian	Kingdom of Poland	early May 1534^[33] (legal marriage)
Valide Afife Nurbanu Sultan	Cecilia Venier-Baffo^[34] or Rachel Marié Nassi^[35] or Kalē Karatanou	Venetian or Greek or Jewish	Paros, Republic of Venice or Corfu, Republic of Venice	1571 (legal marriage)	Selim II
Fülane Hatun^[36]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Fülane Hatun	unknown	unknown	unknown
Fülane Hatun^[37]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Other four concubines^[38]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Valide Safiye Sultan^[39]	unknown	Albanian^[40]	Albania, Dukagjin Highlands		Murad III
Şemsiruhsar Hatun^[41]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Mihriban Hatun^[42]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Şahıhuban Hatun^[43]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Nazperver Hatun^[44]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Zerefşan Hatun^[45]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Fakriye Hatun^[46]^{[page needed]}	unknown	unknown	unknown
Fülane Hatun^[47]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Fifteen pregnant concubines^[48]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Fülane Hatun	unknown	unknown	unknown
A daughter of Lady Chiajna^[49]^[50]	unknown	Romanian	Principality of Wallachia
Valide Handan Sultan	unknown	Bosnian^[51] or Greek^[52]	Ottoman Bosnia or Ottoman Greece		Mehmed III
Valide Halime Sultan	unknown	Abkhaz^[53]	Abkhazia
Fülane Hatun^[54]^[55]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Hatice Mahfiruz Hatun^[23]^[56]	unknown	unknown	unknown		Ahmed I
Fatma Hatun^[57]^[58]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Valide Mahpeyker Kösem Sultan	Anastasía^[59]^[60]^[61]	Greek. Born on Tinos, Republic of Venice (?)	Greece or Tinos, Republic of Venice (?)
Haseki Ayşe Sultan					Osman II
Meylișah Meleksima Hatun [tr]	unknown	Serbian	Serbia
Fülane Hatun	unknown	unknown	unknown	7 February 1622 (legal marriage)
Rukiye Akile Hatun	Akile	Turkish	Istanbul, Ottoman Empire	1622 (legal marriage)
Ayşe Sultan	unknown^[62]^{[page needed]}	unknown^[63]	unknown		Murad IV
Fülane Sultan	unknown	unknown	unknown
Sanavber Hatun	unknown	unknown	unknown
Safiye Hatun	unknown	unknown	unknown
Emirgün's sister (disputed)	unknown
Zafire Hatun	unknown, possibly Sciabas (Slava)^[64] or unlikely Giacoma Beccarini^[65]	Georgian,^[66] Russian^[64] or unlikely Italian^[65]^[67]	unknown, possibly but unlikely Siena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany^[65]		Ibrahim I
Valide Turhan Hatice Sultan	unknown	Russian,^[68]^[69]^[70] Circassian^[71] or Ukrainian^[72]	Russia, Circassia or Ukraine
Haseki Hatice Muazzez Sultan	Eva (?)	unknown^[23] or Polish (?)	Kingdom of Poland (?)
Haseki Saliha Dilaşub Sultan	unknown^[23]	unknown^[23]^[73]	unknown
Haseki Ayșe Sultan	unknown	Tatar origins^[74]^[75]
Haseki Mahienver Sultan	unknown	Circassian^[76]	Circassia
Haseki Saçbağlı Sultan	unknown	Circassian	Circassia
Haseki Şivekar Sultan	Maria^{[citation needed]}	Armenian^[77]	Armenia
Haseki Hümaşah Sultan	unknown	Georgian or Circassian	Georgia or Circassia	1647 (legal marriage)
Hubyar Hatun
Şekerpare Hatun
Șakizula Hatun
Şekerbanu Hatun
Fülane Hatun
Fülane Hatun
Emetullah Rabia Gülnüş Sultan	Evmania Voria Verzini^[78]^[79]	From the Greek^[80]^[62] or Venetian Verzini family from the island of Crete^[81]^[82]^[62]^[46]	Rethymno, Crete, Republic of Venice		Mehmed IV
Afife Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Gülnar Kadın (Her existence is controversial)	unknown	unknown	unknown
Nevruz Hatun	unknown	unknown	unknown
Güneş Hatun (Her existence is controversial)	unknown	unknown	unknown
Gülbeyaz Hatun (Her existence is controversial)	unknown	unknown	unknown
Hatice Hatun (Her existence is controversial)	unknown	unknown	unknown
Cihanșah Hatun	unknown	unknown	unknown
Dürriye Hatun	unknown	unknown	unknown
Kaniye Hatun	unknown	unknown	unknown
Rukiye Hatun	unknown	unknown	unknown
Siyavuș Hatun	unknown	unknown	unknown
Rabia Kadın (Uncertain existence)	unknown	unknown	unknown
Hatice Baş Kadın					Suleiman II
Behzad Kadın
Süğlün Kadın
Şehsuvar Kadın
Zeyneb Kadın
İvaz Kadın
Haseki Rabia Sultan					Ahmed II
Şayeste Hatun					Ahmed II
Alicenab Baş Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown		Mustafa II
Afife Baş Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Valide Sebkati Saliha Sultan	unknown^[23]	unknown,^[23]^[62] Serbian or Greek^[83]^{[verification needed]}^[84]	unknown, Serbia or Greece
Valide Şehsuvar Sultan	unknown	Ukrainian,^[85] Russian^[23] or Serbian^[86]^{[page needed]}	Ukraine, Russia or Serbia
Bahtiyar Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Ivaz Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Hatice Kadın	unknown	Bosnian	Bosnia
Hüsnuşah Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Fatma Şahin Baş Ikbal	unknown	unknown	unknown
Hanife Hatun	unknown	unknown	unknown
Emetullah Banu Baş Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown		Ahmed III
Emine Mihrișah Kadın	unknown	unknown^[23]	unknown
Rabia Șermi Kadın	unknown	unknown^[23]	unknown
Ayşe Mihri Behri Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Hatem Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Emine Muslı Kadın	unknown	Russian	Sochi, Russia
Rukiye Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Fatma Hümaşah Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Gülneş Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Hürrem Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Meyli Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Hatice Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Nazife Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Nejat Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Sadıka Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Hüsnüşah Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Şahin Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Ümmügülsüm Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Zeyneb Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Hanife Hatun	unknown	unknown	unknown
Şayeste Baş Ikbal	unknown	unknown	unknown
Hace Ayşe Baş Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown		Mahmud I
Hatem Baş Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Hace Alicenab Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Hace Verdinaz Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Hatice Rami Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Tiryal Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Raziye Kadın^[87]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Meyyase Hanım^[88]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Fehmi Hanın^[89]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Sirri Hanın^[90]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Habbabe Hanın^[91]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Leyla Baş Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown		Osman III
Fülane Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Zevki Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Emine Ferhunde Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Aynülhayat Baş Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown	Sometimes considered Mustafa's legal wife.	Mustafa III
Valide Mihrişah Sultan	Agnes^[92]^{[verification needed]}^{[page needed]}	Daughter of Georgian Orthodox priest^[93]	Georgia
Fehime Kadın^[94]	unknown	unknown	unknown
Rifat Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Ayşe Adilşah Kadın	unknown	Circassian	Circassia
Binnaz Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Gülman Baş Ikbal	unknown	unknown	unknown
Ayşe Baş Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown		Abdul Hamid I
Hace Hatice Ruhşah Baş Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Binnaz Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Nevres Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Valide Ayşe Sineperver Sultan	Sonya^[95]	Bulgarian,^[62]^{[page needed]} Circassian or Georgian^[96]	Bulgaria, Circassia or Georgia
Mehtabe Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Muteber Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Fatma Şebsefa Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Valide Nakşidil Sultan	unknown	Georgian or Circassian	Georgia or Circassia
Hümaşah Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Dilpezir Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Mislinayab Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Mihriban Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Nükhetseza Baş Ikbal	unknown	unknown	unknown
Nefizar Baş Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown		Selim III
Afitab Baş Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Zibifer Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Tabisefa Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Refet Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Nüruşems Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Hüsnümah Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Demhoş Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Goçenigar Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Mahbube Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Aynısefa Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Pakize Baş Ikbal	unknown	unknown	unknown
Meryem Hanım	unknown	unknown	unknown
Şevkinür Baş Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown		Mustafa IV
Peykidil Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Dilpezir Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Seyare Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Fatma Baş Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown		Mahmud II
Alicenab Baş Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Haciye Pertevpiyale Nevfidan Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown	1823
Dilseza Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Mislinayab Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Kameri Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Ebrireftar Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Valide Bezmiâlem Sultan	Suzzanne	Georgian^[23] or Circassian^[86]^{[page needed]}	Georgia or Circassia	1822
Aşubcan Kadın	unknown	Circassian	Circassia	1808
Vüslat Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Zernigar Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown	1825
Nurtab Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Haciye Hoşyar Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown	1811
Pertizfekek Kadın	unknown	unknown	unknown
Valide Pertevniyal Sultan	Besime^[97]	Kurd, Romanian^[98] or Circassian^[99]	Romania	1830
Hüsnimelek Baş Ikbal	unknown	unknown	unknown
Tiryal Hanım	unknown	unknown	unknown	1826
Lebrizifelek Hanım	unknown	unknown	unknown
Verdicenan Hanım	unknown	unknown	unknown
Servetseza Kadın		Circassian	Maykop, Russia	1837	Abdulmejid I
Tirimüjgan Kadın		Circassian	North Caucasus	1840
Düzdidil Kadın	Ayşe Dişan	Ubykh	North Caucasus	2 October 1842
Valide Şevkefza Sultan		Mingrelian and Circassian^[100]	Gagra or Circassia	1 August 1839
Zeynifelek Hanım				1841
Gülcemal Kadin		Bosnian	Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina	1840
Verdicenan Kadın	Saliha Açba		Sukhum, Georgia	17 December 1840
Nükhetsezâ Hanım	Hatice Baras			21 October 1841
Mahitab Kadın	Nuriye	Chechen	Makhachkala, Russia	1845
Nesrin Hanım	Adile Asemiani			1842
Ceylanyar Hanım	Nafiye Berzeg	Ubykh	Sochi, Russia	1847
Nergizev Hanım		Natukhai	Anapa, Russia	1847
Navekmisal Hanım	Biberd			1848
Bezmiara Kadın		Circassian	Circassia	1849 - 1852 (Legal marriage)
Nalandil Hanım	Çıpakue	Natukhai	Anapa, Russia	1850
Şayeste Hanım	İnalipa		Sukhum, Georgia	1851
Serfiraz Hanım	Ayşe Liah			1852
Gülüstü Hanım	Fatma Çaçba		Sukhum, Abkhazia	August 1854
Valide Rahıme Perestu Sultan	Rahime Gogen	Ubykh	Sochi, Russia	20 January 1856 (Legal marriage)
Dürrünev Kadın	Melek Dziapş-İpa		Batumi, Georgia	20 May 1856	Abdülaziz
Edadil Kadın	Aredba		Adlersky, Sochi,	1861
Hayranidil Kadın			Kars, Ottoman Empire	21 September 1865
Nesrin Kadın	Nesrin Zevş-Barakay	Ubykh	North Caucasus	1868
Gevheri Kadın	Emine Svatnba		Gudauta, Georgia	1872
Mevhibe Kadın	Mevhibe Tarkanişvili		Tbilisi, Georgia	21 January 1857	Murad V
Reftarıdil Kadın	Hatko			4 February 1859
Şayan Kadın	Safiye Zan	Natukhai	Anapa, Russia	5 February 1869
Meyliservet Kadın		Circassian	Batumi, Georgia	8 June 1874
Resan Hanım	Ayşe		Artvin, Ottoman Empire	2 November 1877
Nazikeda Kadın	Tsanba			1863	Abdul Hamid II
Nurefsun Kadın		Circassian	North Caucasus	October 1868 - 26 June 1879
Bedrifelek Kadın	Karzeg	Natukhai	Anapa, Russia	15 November 1868
Bidar Kadın	Talustan	Circassian	Kobuleti, Adjara, Georgia	2 September 1875
Dilpesend Kadın	Azize	Abkhazia	Tbilisi, Georgia	10 April 1884
Mezidimestan Kadın	Kadriye Mikanba		Gagra, Georgia	2 February 1885
Emsalinur Kadın	Kaya			20 November 1885
Müşfika Kadın	Ayşe Ağırba		Hopa, Caucasus	12 February 1886
Sazkar Hanım	Atiye Maan		Ayvacık, Çanakkale, Ottoman Empire	31 August 1890
Peyveste Hanım	Rabia Emuhvari		Pitsunda,	24 January 1893
Fatma Pesend Hanım	Fatma Kadriye Açba		Istanbul, Ottoman Empire	20 July 1896
Behice Hanım	Behiye Maan		Beynevi, Adapazarı, Ottoman Empire	10 May 1900
Saliha Naciye Hanım	Zeliha Ankuap	Georgian	Yukarı Ihsaniye, Bartın, Ottoman Empire	4 November 1904
Kamures Kadın		Ubykh		30 September 1872	Mehmed V
Dürrüaden Kadın	Hatice Voçibe	Circassian	Caucasus	10 October 1876
Mihrengiz Kadın	Fatma	Ubykh	Sochi, Russia	4 April 1887
Nazperver Kadın	Rukiye Hanım Çikotua	Ottoman Turk	Istanbul, Ottoman Empire	1888
Dilfirib Kadın		Circassian	Istanbul, Ottoman Empire	1907
Nazikeda Kadın	Emine Marşan			8 June 1885	Mehmed VI
Inşirah Hanım	Seniye Voçibe	Ubykh	Maşukiye, Ottoman Empire	8 July 1905
Müveddet Kadın	Şadiye Çıhcı		Derbent, Russia	24 April 1911
Nevvare Hanım	Ayşe Çıhcı		Derbent, Russia	20 June 1918 - 20 May 1924
Nevzad Hanım	Nimet Bargu	Albanian	Istanbul, Ottoman Empire	1 September 1921

Notes

[1]
Peirce, Leslie P (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. ISBN 0-19-507673-7.
[2]
Emecen, Feridun. "MAL HATUN". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
[3]
Kepecioğlu, Kâmil. "Bursa Kütüğü" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
[4]
Said Öztürk, and Ahmet Akgündüz. Ottoman History - Misperceptions and Truths. IUR PRESS.
[5]
Lowry 2012, p. 153.
[6]
Sakaoğlu 2008, p. 64.
[7]
Kepecioğlu, Kâmil. "Bursa Kütüğü" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
[8]
Said Öztürk, and Ahmet Akgündüz. Ottoman History - Misperceptions and Truths. IUR PRESS.
[9]
Uluçay, M. Çağatay. Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları (in Turkish). Ötüken Neşriyat. ISBN 9789754378405.
[10]
Said Öztürk, and Ahmet Akgündüz. Ottoman History - Misperceptions and Truths. IUR PRESS.
[11]
Alderson, Anthony Dolphin. The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty. Clarendon Press.
[12]
Several of John V's daughters and granddaughters married Ottoman princes: his daughter Maria married Murad I, two more his sons Bayezid I and Yakub, while a fourth, Irene, married Halil, Murad's half-brother. Two granddaughters, daughters of Theodore and Zampia, married a son and grandson of Bayezid I, Süleyman and Mustafa.
[13]
Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 89—90.
[14]
Alderson 1956, table XXIV (note 6).
[15]
Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 89.
[16]
Sakaoğlu 2008.
[17]
Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 88—89.
[18]
Süreyya, 1 Cild 1996, p. 15.
[19]
Akyıldız 2012, p. 494.
[20]
Emecen 1996, p. 230.
[21]
Babinger 1992, p. 52.
[22]
Alderson 1956, table XXVII (note. 9).
[23]
Alderson 1956, p. 83.
[24]
Ilya V. Zaytsev, The Structure of the Giray Dynasty (15th–16th centuries): Matrimonial and Kinship Relations of the Crimean Khans in Elena Vladimirovna Boĭkova, R. B. Rybakov (ed.), Kinship in the Altaic World: Proceedings of the 48th Permanent International Altaistic Conference, Moscow 10–15 July 2005, p. 341
[25]
Frantz, Sarah S. G.; Selinger, Eric Murphy (2014). New Approaches to Popular Romance Fiction: Critical Essays. McFarland. pp. 24–25. ISBN 978-0-7864-8967-1.
[26]
Sakaoğlu 2008, p. 148 (Her name is given as "Hafsa bint-i Abdü'l-Muin" in Kitâbeler by İ. H. Uzunçarşılı. This shows that she was of non-Turkish origin, and later converted to Islam. The assertions that she was daughter of Meñli_I_Giray of the Crimean_Khanate was never proven even though one of the wives of Selim I, namely Ayşe Hatun, was the real daughter of Meñli_I_Giray.)
[27]
Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 199.
[28]
Peirce 2017, p. 101.
[29]
Peirce 1993, p. 55.
[30]
Iorga 1909, p. 344.
[31]
Abbott E. A history of mistresses. — HarperFlamingoCanada, 2003. — 510 p. — P. 53.
[32]
Roxolana in European Literature… — P. 49.
[33]
Peirce 2017, pp. 114
[34]
Godfrey Goodwin, The Private World of Ottoman Women, Saqi Book, ISBN 0-86356-745-2, ISBN 3-631-36808-9, 2001. page 128
[35]
Valeria Heuberger, Geneviève Humbert, Geneviève Humbert-Knitel, Elisabeth Vyslonzil (ed.), Cultures in Colors, page 68. ISBN 3-631-36808-9, 2001
[36]
Gerlach, S.; Beydilli, K.; Noyan, T. (2007). Türkiye günlüğü: cilt. 1573-1576. Sahaftan seçmeler dizisi. Kitap Yayınevi. pp. 30–31.
[37]
Gerlach, S.; Beydilli, K.; Noyan, S.T. (2010). Türkiye günlüğü: cilt. 1577–1578. Sahaftan seçmeler dizisi. Kitap Yayınevi. pp. 561–562.
[38]
Peirce 1993, pp. 93–94, 129, 238, 309.
[39]
Mustafa Çağatay Uluçay, Padışahların kadınları ve kızları, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1980, pp. 42-6
[40]
Peirce 1993, p. 94.
[41]
Altun, Mustafa (2019). Yüzyıl Dönümünde Bir Valide Sultan: Safiye Sultan'ın Hayatı ve Eserleri. pp. 20–21.
[42]
Altun, Mustafa (2019). Yüzyıl Dönümünde Bir Valide Sultan: Safiye Sultan'ın Hayatı ve Eserleri. pp. 20–21.
[43]
Altun, Mustafa (2019). Yüzyıl Dönümünde Bir Valide Sultan: Safiye Sultan'ın Hayatı ve Eserleri. pp. 20–21.
[44]
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List of Ottoman imperial consorts

Honorific and titles

Hatun

Sultan

Kadın

Ikbal

Consorts of the Ottoman sultans

See also

Notes

Sources

Further reading

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