List of Turkish operations in northern Iraq
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The Kurdish-Turkish conflict spilled over into Iraqi Kurdistan in 1983,[8] and has continued there intermittently since. The Turkish Armed Forces has launched a series of operations in Northern Iraq against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). [9] More than 37,000 people have been killed in the conflict since 1984.[10]
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Date1983–2025
Location
Result
PKK dissolves on 12 May 2025 as part of the 2025 PKK–Turkey peace process
| Turkish operations in Northern Iraq | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict; Iraqi Kurdish Civil War | |||||||
Current military situation: | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
|
Previous:  PUK (1992)[1][2] |
Previous: PUK (1997)[5] | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 400+ killed[6] |
8,000+ killed 1,700 captured[6] | ||||||
| 6,800+ displaced[7] | |||||||
List of Operations
The operations resulted in a permanent Turkish presence in northern Iraq since 2018.[11] The Iraqi government at one time viewed these operations as a violation of Iraq's sovereignty,[12] with President Barham Salih demanding from Turkey their end, and the withdrawal of all of the Turkish armed forces from his country's territory.[13]
| Date | Operation | TAF Fatalities (Wounded) | PKK Fatalities (Captured) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27 May 1984 – 10 October 1984 | Operation Hot Pursuit | ? | ? | |
| 5 October 1992 – 15 November 1992 | Operation Northern Iraq | 28 (125) | 1,551 (1,232) | |
| 20 March 1995 – 4 May 1995 | Operation Steel | 64 (185) | 555 (13) | |
| 12 May 1997 – 7 July 1997 | Operation Hammer | 114 (338) | 2,730 (418) | |
| 25 September 1997 – 15 October 1997 | Operation Dawn | 31 (91) | 865 (37) | |
| 21 February 2008 – 29 February 2008 | Operation Sun | 27[14][15][16] | 240 | |
| 24 July 2015 – 25 July 2015 | Operation Martyr Yalçın | 8 | 160 | |
| 18 March 2016 – 19 March 2016 | March 2016 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq | ? | ? | |
| 25 April 2017 | 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq | 0 | 33 | |
| 15 August 2018 | Turkish airstrikes on Sinjar (2018) | 0 | 5 | |
| 28 May 2019 – 14 June 2020 | Operation Claw | 17[17] | 417[18] | |
| 15 June 2020 – 17 April 2022 | Operations Claw-Lightning and Thunderbolt | 305 | 141 | |
| 10 February 2021 – 14 February 2021 | Operation Claw-Eagle 2 | 90 | 31 | |
| 23 April 2021 – 17 April 2022 | Operations Claw-Lightning and Thunderbolt | 36 | 387 | |
| 17 April 2022 – 4 May 2022 | Operation Claw Lock | 83 | 995 | |
| Total: | 282 (739) | 6,417 (2,700) | ||