List of coolest stars
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This is a list of coolest stars and brown dwarfs discovered, arranged by decreasing temperature. The stars with temperatures lower than 2,000 K are included.
Include stars with temperatures lower than 2,500 Kelvin.
| Star name | Temperature
(K) |
Spectral type | Distance (light years) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CWISE J1249+3621 | 1,715-2,320[1] | sdL1 | 408 | |
| 2MASS J0523-1403 | 1,939[2] | L2.5V | 41.62 | The coolest main sequence star known as of 2023. |
Coolest giant stars
Include giants with temperatures lower than 2,000 Kelvin.
| Star name | Temperature
(K) |
Spectral type | Distance (light years) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S Cassiopeiae | 1,800[3] | S3,4–S5,8 | 3,100±300 | |
| LL Pegasi | 1,800[4] | C | 4,200 | |
| RW Leonis Minoris | 1,800[5] | C4,3[6] | 1,053[7] | |
| V Coronae Borealis | 1,800[8] | C6,2e_MS3[9] | 2,100[8] | |
| V384 Persei | 1,820[10] | N | ||
| T Draconis | 1,850[10] | C6,2e | ||
| V346 Puppis | 1,875[10] | C | ||
| Leo A 22 | 1,900[11] | C | 2,600,000 | |
| S Aurigae | 1,940[10] | C-N5+ | ||
| V1426 Cygni | 1,975[10] | C7,2e | ||
| Sextans A 20 | 2,000[12] | C | 4,310,000 | |
| Leo A 226 | 2,000[13] | C | 2,600,000 | |
| Sextans A 100 | 2,000[14] | C | 4,310,000 | |
| IRC +30374 | 2,000[15] | C | 3,900 | |
| IRC +60144 | 2,000[16] | C | 3,400 | |
| CZ Hydrae | 2,000[17] | C | 7,200 | |
| SS Virginis | 2,000[18] | C-N4.5 | 2,100 |
Coolest brown dwarfs and rogue planets
 |
Include brown dwarfs with temperatures lower than 500 Kelvin.
| Star name | Temperature
(K) |
Spectral type | Distance (light years) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WISE 0855–0714 | 285 | Y4 | 7.426±0.039 | [19] |
| WISE 0336-0143B[20] | 295±10[21] | Y1? | 32.7[22] | spectral type is not yet published, but should be around Y1 if we assume MIRI F480M is similar to W2 and by using Figure 13 from Kirkpatrick et al. 2012[23] Might be a later spectral type. |
| WISE J0830+2837 | 300-350[24] | >Y1[22] | 26.87[22] | uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate |
| CWISEP 0238-1332 | 367±79[22] | >Y1 | 58.66 | uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate |
| CWISEP 0402-2651 | 367±79[22] | >Y1 | 39.53 | uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate |
| WISEU 0503-5648[22] | 367±79 | >Y1 | 33.18 | spectral type is an estimate |
| CWISEP 0940+5233[22] | 367±79 | >Y1 | 43.49 | uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate |
| WISEA 1257+7153[22] | 367±79 | >Y1 | 54.18 | spectral type is an estimate |
| CWISEP J1446−2317[22] | 367±79 | >Y1 | 37.75 | uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate |
| WISEA 1930-2059[22] | 367±79 | >Y1 | 30.67 | spectral type is an estimate |
| CWISEP 1935-1546[22] | 367±79 | >Y1 | 47.06 | spectral type is an estimate |
| CWISEP 2230+2549[22] | 367±79 | >Y1 | 52.44 | uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate |
| CWISEP 2256+4002[22] | 367±79 | >Y1 | 32.04 | spectral type is an estimate |
| WISE 0825+2805[22] | 376±88 | Y0.5 | 21.37 | |
| WD 0806-661B[22] | 377±88 | Y1 | 62.80 | spectral type is an estimate |
| WISE 0350-5658[22] | 388±88 | Y1 | 18.49 | |
| WISE J2354+0240[22] | 388±88 | Y1 | 24.97 | |
| WISE 2209+2711[22] | 389±88 | Y0: | 20.17 | |
| WISE 0647-6232[22] | 393±88 | Y1 | 32.78 | |
| WISEPA 1541-2250[22] | 395±88 | Y1 | 19.54 | |
| WISE 1828+2650 | 406±88[22] | Y2V[25] | 32.5 | Temperature could be lower. If it is a binary, its components could be as cold as about 275-350 K.[26] |
| WISE 0535-7500[22] | 410±88 | >=Y1: | 47.48 | |
| WISE 1405+5534 | 411±88[22] | Y0.5(pec?)[22] | 20.62 | |
| CWISEP 0321+6932[22] | 412±79 | Y0.5 | 47.61 | spectral type is an estimate |
| WISE 1639-6847[22] | 412±88 | Y0pec | 14.85 | |
| CWISEP 2356-4814[22] | 412±79 | Y0.5 | 56.62 | spectral type is an estimate |
| WISE 0336-0143A[20] | 440±24[27] | Y0[22] | 32.7[22] | |
| WISEPA 1738+2732[22] | 450±88 | Y0 | 24.92 | |
| WISEPA 0410+1502[22] | 451±88 | Y0 | 21.56 | |
| WISE 2220-3628[22] | 452±88 | Y0 | 34.15 | |
| WISE 1534-1043 | 453±77[28] | sdY? | 53 | possibly halo brown dwarf |
| WISE J1206+8401[22] | 454±88 | Y0 | 38.51 | |
| WISE 0146+4234B[22] | 460±79 | Y0 | 63.09 | |
| WISEA 0302-5817[22] | 460±79 | Y0: | 54.45 | |
| CWISEP 0634+5049[22] | 460±79 | Y0 | 52.61 | spectral type is an estimate |
| CWISEP 0859+5349[22] | 460±79 | Y0 | 60.62 | spectral type is an estimate |
| CWISE 0925-4720[22] | 460±79 | Y0 | 34.96 | spectral type is an estimate |
| CWISEP 0938+0634[22] | 460±79 | Y0 | 61.31 | uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate |
| CWISEP J1047+5457[22] | 460±79 | Y0 | 43.37 | spectral type is an estimate |
| CWISE 1121-6232[22] | 460±79 | Y0 | 33.69 | spectral type is an estimate |
| WISEA J1141−3326[22] | 460±79 | Y0 | 31.36 | |
| WISE 1217+1626 B | 460±79[22] | Y0-0.5 | 33 | |
| CWISE 1531-3306[22] | 460±79 | Y0 | 55.37 | spectral type is an estimate |
| WISENF 1936+0408[22] | 460±79 | Y0 | 28.64 | spectral type is an estimate |
| CWISEP 2011-4812[22] | 460±79 | Y0 | 45.94 | spectral type is an estimate |
| WISEA 2243-1458[22] | 460±79 | Y0 | 47,75 | spectral type is an estimate |
| WISE 1112-3857[22] | 461±88 | T9 | 31.79 | |
| WISE 0734-7157[22] | 462±88 | Y0 | 43.78 | |
| WISE 0713-2917[22] | 464±88 | Y0 | 29.84 | |
| WISEPC 2056+1459[22] | 464±88 | Y0 | 23.16 | |
| WISE J0304−2705[22] | 465±88 | Y0~pec | 44.62 | |
| WISE 0359-5401 | 467+16 −18[29] |
Y0[22] | 44.31[22] | |
| WISE 0943+3607[22] | 468±88 | T9.5 | 33.59 | |
| WISE 0833+0052[22] | 472±88 | (sd)T9 | 40.92 | possible subdwarf |
| WISE 1542+2230[22] | 472±88 | T9.5 | 38.69 | |
| WISE 0811-8051[22] | 479±88 | T9.5: | 32.91 | |
| WISEPA 2134-7137[22] | 481±88 | T9~pec | 29.73 | possible subdwarf |
| WISE 2212-6931[22] | 487±88 | T9 | 40.47 | |
| WISEPA 0751-7634[22] | 492±88 | T9 | 33.32 | |
| WISE 0335+4310[22] | 492±88 | T9 | 38.46 |
See also
References
- ↑ Burgasser, Adam (2024). "Discovery of a Hypervelocity L Subdwarf at the Star/Brown Dwarf Mass Limit". arXiv:2407.08578 [Astrophysics].
- ↑ Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Cruz, Kelle L.; Van Gordon, Mollie M.; Looper, Dagny L. (2015-09-10). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". The Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 158. arXiv:1508.01767. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..158F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN 1538-4357.
- ↑ Ramstedt, S.; Olofsson, H. (2014-06-01). "The 12CO/13CO ratio in AGB stars of different chemical type - Connection to the 12C/13C ratio and the evolution along the AGB". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 566: A145. arXiv:1405.6404. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423721. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ↑ Massalkhi, Sarah (2019). "Study of CS, SiO, and SiS abundances in carbon star envelopes: Assessing their role as gas-phase precursors of dust". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 628: A62. arXiv:1906.09461. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935069.
- ↑ Ramstedt, S.; Olofsson, H. (2014-06-01). "The 12CO/13CO ratio in AGB stars of different chemical type - Connection to the 12C/13C ratio and the evolution along the AGB". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 566: A145. arXiv:1405.6404. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423721. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ↑ Cohen, M. (1979-03-01). "Circumstellar envelopes and the evolution of carbon stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 186 (4): 837–852. Bibcode:1979MNRAS.186..837C. doi:10.1093/mnras/186.4.837. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ↑ Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Fouesneau, M.; Demleitner, M.; Andrae, R. (2021-03-01). "Estimating distances from parallaxes. V: Geometric and photogeometric distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia Early Data Release 3". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (3): 147. arXiv:2012.05220. Bibcode:2021AJ....161..147B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd806. ISSN 0004-6256. Data about this star can be seen here.
- 1 2 Danilovich, T.; Teyssier, D.; Justtanont, K.; Olofsson, H.; Cerrigone, L.; Bujarrabal, V.; Alcolea, J.; Cernicharo, J.; Castro-Carrizo, A.; García-Lario, P.; Marston, A. (2015-09-01). "New observations and models of circumstellar CO line emission of AGB stars in the Herschel SUCCESS programme". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 581: A60. arXiv:1506.09065. Bibcode:2015A&A...581A..60D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526705. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ↑ "V CrB". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Bergeat, J.; Chevallier, L. (2005). "The mass loss of C-rich giants". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 429: 235–246. arXiv:astro-ph/0601366. Bibcode:2005A&A...429..235B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041280. S2CID 56424665.
- ↑ Jones, Olivia (2017). "Near-infrared Stellar Populations in the Metal-poor, Dwarf Irregular Galaxies Sextans a and Leo A". The Astrophysical Journal. 854 (2): 117. arXiv:1712.06594. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa542.
- ↑ Jones, Olivia (2017). "Near-infrared Stellar Populations in the Metal-poor, Dwarf Irregular Galaxies Sextans a and Leo A". The Astrophysical Journal. 854 (2): 117. arXiv:1712.06594. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa542.
- ↑ Jones, Olivia (2017). "Near-infrared Stellar Populations in the Metal-poor, Dwarf Irregular Galaxies Sextans a and Leo A". The Astrophysical Journal. 854 (2): 117. arXiv:1712.06594. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa542.
- ↑ Jones, Olivia (2017). "Near-infrared Stellar Populations in the Metal-poor, Dwarf Irregular Galaxies Sextans a and Leo A". The Astrophysical Journal. 854 (2): 117. arXiv:1712.06594. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa542.
- ↑ Massalkhi, Sarah (2019). "Study of CS, SiO, and SiS abundances in carbon star envelopes: Assessing their role as gas-phase precursors of dust". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 628: A62. arXiv:1906.09461. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935069.
- ↑ Massalkhi, Sarah (2019). "Study of CS, SiO, and SiS abundances in carbon star envelopes: Assessing their role as gas-phase precursors of dust". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 628: A62. arXiv:1906.09461. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935069.
- ↑ Siderud, Emelie (2020). "Dust emission modeling of AGB stars" (PDF). Uppsala University. Uppsala, Sweden. Retrieved 2025-03-31.
- ↑ Siderud, Emelie (2020). "Dust emission modeling of AGB stars" (PDF). Uppsala University. Uppsala, Sweden. Retrieved 2025-03-31.
- ↑ Luhman, K. L.; Tremblin, P.; Alves de Oliveira, C.; Birkmann, S. M.; Baraffe, I.; Chabrier, G.; Manjavacas, E.; Parker, R. J.; Valenti, J. (2023-12-05). "JWST/NIRSpec Observations of the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf*". The Astronomical Journal. 167 (1): 5. arXiv:2311.17316. Bibcode:2024AJ....167....5L. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad0b72. ISSN 0004-6256.
- 1 2 Calissendorff, Per; De Furio, Matthew; Meyer, Michael; Albert, Loïc; Aganze, Christian; Ali-Dib, Mohamad; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Baron, Frederique; Beichman, Charles A.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Cushing, Michael C.; Faherty, Jacqueline Kelly; Fontanive, Clémence; Gelino, Christopher R.; Gizis, John E. (2023-04-01). "JWST/NIRCam Discovery of the First Y+Y Brown Dwarf Binary: WISE J033605.05-014350.4". The Astrophysical Journal. 947 (2): L30. arXiv:2303.16923. Bibcode:2023ApJ...947L..30C. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acc86d. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, Pascal (25 Sep 2023). "The First Y Dwarf Data From JWST Show That Dynamic and Diabatic Processes Regulate Cold Brown Dwarf Atmospheres". The Astrophysical Journal. 959 (2): 86. arXiv:2309.14567. Bibcode:2023ApJ...959...86L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acfdad.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Meisner, Aaron M.; Caselden, Dan; Schneider, Adam C.; Marocco, Federico; Cayago, Alfred J.; Smart, R. L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Wright, Edward L.; Cushing, Michael C.; Allers, Katelyn N.; Gagliuffi, Daniella C. Bardalez (2021-03-01). "The Field Substellar Mass Function Based on the Full-sky 20-pc Census of 525 L, T, and Y Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 253 (1): 7. arXiv:2011.11616. Bibcode:2021ApJS..253....7K. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abd107. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 227126954.
- ↑ Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Cushing, Michael C.; Mace, Gregory N.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; McLean, Ian S.; Mainzer, Amanda K.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Tinney, C. G.; Parker, Stephen; Salter, Graeme (2012-07-01). "Further Defining Spectral Type "Y" and Exploring the Low-mass End of the Field Brown Dwarf Mass Function". The Astrophysical Journal. 753 (2): 156. arXiv:1205.2122. Bibcode:2012ApJ...753..156K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/156. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Schneider, Adam C.; Meisner, Aaron; Caselden, Dan; Colin, Guillaume; Goodman, Sam; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Kuchner, Marc; Gagné, Jonathan; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Allers, Katelyn; Debes, John; Wisniewski, John (2020-06-01). "WISEA J083011.95+283716.0: A Missing Link Planetary-mass Object". The Astrophysical Journal. 895 (2): 145. arXiv:2004.12829. Bibcode:2020ApJ...895..145B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab8d25. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Beichman, Charles A.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Barman, Travis S.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Wright, E. L. (2013-01-29). "The Coldest Brown Dwarf (Or Free Floating Planet)?: The Y Dwarf WISE 1828+2650". The Astrophysical Journal. 764 (1): 101. arXiv:1301.1669. Bibcode:2013ApJ...764..101B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/764/1/101. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118575478.
- ↑ Cushing, Michael C.; Schneider, Adam C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Morley, Caroline V.; Marley, Mark S.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Mace, Gregory N.; Wright, Edward L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A. (2021-10-01). "An Improved Near-infrared Spectrum of the Archetype Y Dwarf WISEP J182831.08+265037.8". The Astrophysical Journal. 920 (1): 20. arXiv:2107.00506. Bibcode:2021ApJ...920...20C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac12cb. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, Pascal (25 Sep 2023). "The First Y Dwarf Data From JWST Show That Dynamic and Diabatic Processes Regulate Cold Brown Dwarf Atmospheres". The Astrophysical Journal. 959 (2): 86. arXiv:2309.14567. Bibcode:2023ApJ...959...86L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acfdad.
- ↑ Meisner, Aaron M.; Leggett, S. K.; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Schneider, Adam C.; Tremblin, Pascal; Phillips, Mark (2023-08-01). "Exploring the Extremes: Characterizing a New Population of Old and Cold Brown Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 166 (2): 57. arXiv:2301.09817. Bibcode:2023AJ....166...57M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acdb68. ISSN 0004-6256.
- ↑ Beiler, Samuel A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Marley, Mark S. (2023-07-01). "The First JWST Spectral Energy Distribution of a Y Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 951 (2): L48. arXiv:2306.11807. Bibcode:2023ApJ...951L..48B. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace32c. ISSN 0004-637X.
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