List of first female pharmacists by country
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of the first qualified female pharmacists to practice in each country, where that is known.
Please note: the list should foremost contain the first female pharmacist with a formal qualification from each country. Historically, it was normal for widows of apothecaries and pharmacist to inherit their late husband's profession without being formally qualified. These cases – and other of note – can be noted in the margin, but should not be listed first.
Africa
| Country | Pharmacist | Year |
|---|---|---|
 Benin |
C. Oviasu (née Ukponmwan)[1] | |
 Cameroon |
Jeanne Ngo Maï[2] | 1962 |
 Cape Verde |
Judite (Judith) Lima[3] | c. 1961 |
 Ghana |
Sackey Nee Vanderpuye[4] | |
 Ivory Coast |
Hortense Aka-Anghui[5] | |
 Liberia |
Clavenda Parker[6] | |
 Libya |
Wedad Muhammad Al-Senussi Al-Saqzli[7] | 1961 |
 Mali |
Rokia Sanogo[8] | 1989 |
 Morocco |
Fatima Al-Zahra Al-Warzazi[9] | 1912 |
 Namibia |
Lahya Hafeni, Anastancia Aluvilu, Fundisile Msibi, Tumo Pelekekae[10] | 2015 |
 Nigeria |
Oreoluwa Green*[11] | 1916 |
 South Africa |
Lily Heymann[12] | 1916 |
 Togo |
Abra Amédome[13] | |
 Tunisia |
Lucia Campisi[14] (born in Italy) | |
 Uganda |
Catherine Kisumba[15] | 1960 |
 Zimbabwe |
Nora Price[16][17] (born in Wales; country then known as Rhodesia) |
- Namibia: There might be more female graduates, as the names listed were the only women named in the cited article.
- Nigeria: Green is considered to have been the first female pharmacist in West Africa. Ekanem Bassey Ikpeme was considered the first native female pharmacist in Nigeria.[18]
- Tunisia: Dorra Bouzid is considered the first female pharmacist in Tunisia after independence. She started her practice sometime during the 1960s.[19]
Americas
| Country | Pharmacist | Year |
|---|---|---|
 Argentina |
Élida Passo[20] | 1885 |
 Bahamas |
Gertrude Burnside[21] | |
 Bolivia |
Rosa Mercedes Guerra[22] | 1921 |
 Brazil |
Maria Luiza Torrezão[23] | 1887 |
 Canada |
A. Adrienne Preevoot[24] | 1901 |
 Chile |
Griselda Hinojosa[25] | 1889 |
 Costa Rica |
Felícitas Chaverri Matamoros[26] | 1917 |
 Cuba |
María Dolores Marty and Eloisa Figueroa Marty[27] | 1886 |
 Curaçao |
Dymphna van heb Elizabeths-Gasthu[28] | 1911 |
 Dominican Republic |
Encarnación Piñeyro[29][30] | |
 El Salvador |
Mercedes Amanda Martínez and Margarita Lanza[31] | 1930 |
 Guatemala |
Olimpia Altuve[32] | 1919 |
 Guyana |
Raymonde Horth[33] | 1905 |
 Honduras |
Corina Barahona[34] | 1931 |
 Mexico |
Esther Luque Muñoz[35] | c. 1906 |
 Nicaragua |
Elba Ochomogo Portocarrero de Hernandez[36] | 1922 |
 Peru |
Nicolasa Butler[37] | 1839 |
 Suriname |
Esseline Juliette Polanen[38] | 1936 |
 Trinidad and Tobago |
Amy Cox Rochford[39] | c. 1927 |
 United States |
Susan Hayhurst[40][41] | 1883 |
 Venezuela |
María Fernández Bawden[42] | 1927 |
- Canada: Preevoot was considered the first Canadian woman to pass the pharmacy exam by law.
- Chile: Glafira Vargas was the first female to graduate with a pharmacy degree in 1887, though Hinojosa appears to be the first female to work as a pharmacist upon graduation.[43][44]
- Curaçao: van heb Elizabeths-Gasthu was said to have been the first woman to have passed the exam for an assistant pharmacist in the colony.
- Guatemala: Altuve is considered the first Central American woman to have obtained a university degree.
- United States: Elizabeth Gooking Greenleaf was the first not formally qualified pharmacist to practice in 1727.[45] Hayhust was the first woman to receive a pharmacy degree in the United States in 1883. Ella P. Stewart was one of the first African-American female pharmacists in the United States.[46][47]
Asia
| Country | Pharmacist | Year |
|---|---|---|
 Azerbaijan |
Mahbuba Valiyeva[48] | 1971 |
 Bahrain |
Layla Ahmed Abdulrahman[49] | |
 India |
Sneh Rani Jain[50] | |
 Indonesia |
Charlotte Jacobs[51] | 1879 |
 Iraq |
Josephine Bourjouni and Rahima Youssef[52] | 1940 |
 Iran |
Aqdas Gharbi and Akhtar Ferdows[53] | 1941 |
 Israel |
Sarah Mel[54] | |
 Japan |
Naoe Okamoto[55] | 1885 |
 Jordan |
Nabila Shoura Irsheidat[56] | c. 1950s |
 Korea |
Cha Soon-seok[57] | 1924 |
 Lebanon |
Zahie Barakat[58] | 1928 |
 Nepal |
Bijay Laxmi Shrestha[59] | |
 Oman |
Batool Jaffer[60] | 1977 |
 Pakistan |
Nasima Jamil[61][62][63] | c. 1967 |
 Philippines |
Filomena Francisco and Matilde S. Arquiza[64] | 1908 |
 Qatar |
Zakia Malallah[65] | |
 Saudi Arabia |
Samira bint Ibrahim Islam[66] | 1982 |
 Singapore |
Lucy Wan[67][68] | 1958 |
 Syria |
Najah Saati[69] | 1949 |
 Taiwan |
Lin Caisan[70] | 1951 |
 Thailand |
Prasit Prakobnil[71] | |
 United Arab Emirates |
Suhaila Al-Awadi[69] | |
 Vietnam |
Pham Thi Hao[72][73] |
- Indonesia: Jacobs is considered the first female pharmacist in the Netherlands and Indonesia (then Dutch East Indies).
Europe
| Country | Pharmacist | Year |
|---|---|---|
 Albania |
Emili Dishnica Gliozheni[74] (then known as Socialist Albania) | 1961 |
 Austria |
Gisela Kun[75] | c. 1906 |
 Belarus |
H-B. Geronimus (Taubina)[76] | |
 Belgium |
Jeanne Rademackers[77][78] | 1885 |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Sarajka Ljubica Jokanovic[79] | 1914 |
 Bulgaria |
Anna Belizarova Yakova[80] | 1911 |
 Croatia |
Vjera Rojc Katušić[81] | 1913 |
 Czech Republic |
Ruzena Krontilová-Librova[82] (then known as Czechoslovakia) | 1904 |
 Denmark |
Charlotte Schou and Nielsine Schousen[83] | 1896 |
 Estonia |
Alma Tomingas[84] | 1933 |
 Finland |
Hilda Amanda Brunberg[85] | 1874 |
 France |
Hélina Leiannier-Gaboriau[86] | 1898 |
 Germany |
Magdalena Neff[87] | 1906 |
 Greece |
Polymnia Panagiotidou[88] | 1899 |
 Hungary |
Erzsébet Légrády[89] and Thinagel Szerafin[82] | 1903 |
 Iceland |
Jóhanna Magnúsdóttir[90] | 1928 |
 Ireland |
Christina Jesop Wilson[91] | 1900 |
 Italy |
Dorina Crespi Andini[92] | 1895 |
 Latvia |
Staņislava Dovgjallo[93] | |
 Lithuania |
Juzefa Girdzijevska[94] | 1870 |
 Malta |
Caterina Vitale[95] | 1590 |
 Netherlands |
Aaltje Visser[96] | 1868 |
 North Macedonia |
Rajna Aleksova[97] | 1906 |
 Norway |
Helga Eide[82] | 1893 |
 Poland |
Antonina Leśniewska[98][99] | 1884 |
 Portugal |
Maria Serpa dos Santos[100] | 1947 |
 Romania |
Paulina Cruceanu[101] and Clara Colesin[82] | 1892 |
 Russia |
Antonina Boleslavovna Lesnevskaya and Zinaida I. Akker[102] | 1897 |
 Serbia |
Desanka Ruvidić Okoličanin[103] | 1913 |
 Slovakia |
Ruzena Krontilová-Librova[82] (then known as Czechoslovakia) | 1904 |
 Slovenia |
Emilija Fon[104] | 1915 |
 Spain |
Dolores Rodriguez[82] | 1893 |
 Sweden |
Märtha Leth[105] | 1897 |
 Switzerland |
Clara Winnicki[106] | 1905 |
 Turkey |
Fatma Belkis Derman[107] | 1930 |
 Ukraine |
Anna Mikhailovna Makarova[108] | 1892 |
 United Kingdom |
Frances Elizabeth Deacon[109] | 1870 |
- Belgium: Certain sources cite Louise Popelin (sister of Belgium's first female lawyer Marie Popelin) or Ida Huys as Belgium's first female pharmacist. They both completed their exams in 1887.[110][82]
- Czech Republic and Slovakia: Other sources cited Elza Fantová as the first Bohemia woman to earn a pharmaceutical degree in 1908.[111] Krontilová-Librova started her pharmacy practice in 1904 and became the first female pharmacy student at the University of Prague in 1907 (graduating in 1909).
- Finland: The first female pharmacist to qualify without dispensation in Finland was Helene Aejneleus in 1911. Brunberg was the first women to be qualified by dispensation.
- Germany: Anne of Denmark, Electress of Saxony was a non-professional female pharmacist in Germany.[112] Helena Magenbuch and Maria Andreae were professional pharmacists in the 16th-century.
- Ireland: Wilson was the first female pharmacist to qualify in the south of Ireland.
- Italy: Elisa Gagnatelli and Edvige Moroni were the first women to pass the pharmacy exam in 1897.[82]
- Netherlands: In the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies, Charlotte Jacobs became the first female pharmacist with a degree in 1879.[51]
- Norway: Christine Dahl passed her assistant pharmacy exam in 1889, but Eide was considered the first female pharmacist.[82]
- Poland: Although Lesniewska was considered the first female pharmacist, Filipina and Konstancja Studzinska (sisters) were the first women to pass the pharmacy examination in 1824.[82]
- Russia: Olga Evgenevna Gabrilovich was the first female pharmacist to earn a degree in 1906.[113]
- Sweden: Leth was the first female pharmacist to have fulfilled a formal qualification. Maria Dauerer was the first female pharmacist to have obtained a license.[114] The first woman to have obtained a degree in pharmacology was Agnes Arvidsson (1903).[115]
- Ukraine: Makarova, a Kiev University graduate, was the first woman to pass the examination for the title of pharmaceutical assistant.[108]
