List of former European colonies

Denmark

• Danish West Indies
• Greenland
  • Colony of Greenland
    • County of Greenland
  • North Greenland
  • South Greenland

France

• New France
  • Canada
    • Acadia
      • Île-Royale
  • Illinois
  • Louisiana
• Saint-Domingue

Great Britain and England

• British America (New Britain)
  • Canada
    • Island of St. John
    • Lower Canada
      • Province of Quebec
    • Upper Canada
    • Newfoundland Colony
  • "Thirteen Colonies" (The United States of America)
    • New England Colonies:
      • Province of Massachusetts Bay
      • Province of New Hampshire
      • Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
      • Connecticut Colony
    • Province of New York
    • Province of New Jersey
    • Province of Pennsylvania
    • Delaware Colony
    • Province of Maryland
    • Colony of Virginia
    • Province of North Carolina
    • Province of South Carolina
    • Province of Georgia
  • Other North American colonies
    • Province of East Florida
    • Province of West Florida
• British Honduras
• Bay Islands

Iceland

• Greenland

Netherlands

• New Netherland (Nieuw-Amsterdam / New York)

Norway

• Greenland

Russia

• Russian Alaska

Scotland

• Nova Scotia
• Darien

Spain and Castile

Sweden

• New Sweden
• St. Barthelemy

Brandenburg

• St Thomas

Courland

• New Courland (Tobago)

Denmark–Norway

• Saint John
• Saint Thomas
• Saint Croix

France

Knights of Malta

• Saint Barthélemy
• Saint Martin
• Saint Christopher (St Kitts)
• Saint Croix
• Tortuga (off coast of Haiti)

Netherlands

• New Walcheren (Tobago)

Spain and Castile

Sweden

• Saint-Barthélemy

Sweden–Norway

• Cooper Island
• Saint-Barthélemy (1814–1878)

United Kingdom

• The Bahamas
• Barbados
• Belize
• Jamaica
• Leeward Islands
  • Antigua and Barbuda
  • Dominica
  • Saint Christopher (St Kitts)-Nevis
• Trinidad and Tobago
• Windward Islands
  • Grenada
  • Saint Lucia
  • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Augsburg/Nuremberg

• Welserland (Venezuela)

France

• Brazil (Rio de Janeiro briefly, and São Luís briefly)

(see France Antarctique and France Équinoxiale)

• Iles Malouines (Falkland Islands)

Netherlands

• Berbice (Guyana)
• Demerara
  • Dutch colonisation of the Guianas, overview
• Surinam (Suriname)
• Essequibo
• New Holland (Brazil – Half the captaincies)

Portugal

• Brazil
• Cisplatina (Uruguay)
• Sacramento
• Misiones Orientales

Spain and Castile

Early colonial governorates

• Kingdom of Tierra Firme
• Governorate of New Andalusia
• Governorate of Castilla de Oro
• Governorate of New Castile
• Governorate of New Toledo
• Governorate of New León
• Governorate of New Andalusia

United Kingdom

• British Guiana
  • Berbice, Essequibo, Demerara
• Surinam

Belgium

• Belgian Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
• Ruanda-Urundi (Rwanda and Burundi)

Brandenburg

• Arguin (in Mauritania)
• Brandenburger Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

Courland

• St. Andrews Island (in the Gambia)

Denmark-Norway

• Danish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

France

Germany

• German East Africa (Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania)
• German South-West Africa (Namibia)
• Kamerun (split between Cameroon and Nigeria)
• Togoland (split between Togo and Ghana)
• Wituland (Lamu Island, owned by Kenya)

Hospitaller Malta

• Tripoli

Italy

• Italian East Africa
  • Italian Eritrea
  • Italian Somaliland (now Somalia)
• Italian Libya

Netherlands

• Arguin Island (in Mauritania)
• Dutch Cape Colony
• Dutch Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana, including El Mina)
• Dutch Loango-Angola (Luanda, Sonyo and Cabinda)
• Gorée (Senegal)
• Moçambique (Delagoa Bay)
• São Tomé
• South Africa
• Mauritius

Portugal

• Ajuda (Whydah, in Benin)
• Portuguese Angola
• Annobón
• Cabinda
• Cape Verde (Cabo Verde)
• Ceuta
• Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá
• Gorée (in Senegal)
• Malindi
• Mombasa
• Algarve Ultramar (Morocco)
  • Agadir
  • Alcacer Ceguer
  • Arzila
  • Azamor
  • Mazagan
  • Mogador
  • Safim
• Nigeria (Lagos area)
• Mozambique
• Portuguese Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana)
• Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau)
• Quíloa
• São Tomé and Príncipe
• Tangier
• Zanzibar
• Ziguinchor

Spain

• Bona
• Bougie
• Jerba
• Fernando Po and Annobon (insular Equatorial Guinea)
• Oran
• Port Guinea
• Río Muni (mainland Equatorial Guinea)
• Spanish Protectorate in Morocco
• Spanish West Africa
  • Río de Oro
  • Saguia el-Hamra
  • Tarfaya Strip
  • Ifni

Sweden

• Swedish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

United Kingdom

• Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Sudan)
• Basutoland (Lesotho)
• Balleland (Benin)
• Bechuanaland (Botswana)
• British East Africa (Kenya)
• British Somaliland (Somaliland)
• British Togoland (eastern Ghana)
• British Cameroon (split between Nigeria and Cameroon)
• British Mauritius
• British Egypt
  • Khedivate of Egypt
  • Sultanate of Egypt
  • Kingdom of Egypt
• Gambia Colony and Protectorate
• Gold Coast (Ghana)
• Colonial Nigeria
  • Niger Coast Protectorate
  • Northern Nigeria Protectorate
  • Southern Nigeria Protectorate
  • Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
• Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
• Nyasaland (Malawi)
• Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate
• Union of South Africa
  • British Cape Colony
  • Natal Colony
  • Orange River Colony
  • Transvaal Colony
• South West Africa (Namibia)
  • Walvis Bay
• Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)
• Swaziland (Eswatini)
• Tanganyika Territory (mainland Tanzania)
• Uganda Protectorate
• Sultanate of Zanzibar (insular Tanzania)

France

• Syria
• Lebanon

Netherlands

• Jemen, Al Mukha (Mocca)
• Mesopotamia (Iraq, Al Basrah)

Portugal

United Kingdom

Indian Ocean Area

Mainland

Austria

• North Borneo

France

• East Asia
• Indochina
  • Cambodia
  • Laos
  • Vietnam
    • Annam
    • Cochinchina
    • Tonkin

Germany

Netherlands

• Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)
• Dutch New Guinea (Western Part of Papua, Indonesia)
• Malacca
• Dutch Formosa

Portugal

• Flores
• Macau
• Malacca
• Moluccas
  • Ambon
  • Ternate
  • Tidore
• Portuguese Timor (Timor-Leste)
• Solor

Spain

• Spanish East Indies
  • Philippines
  • Marianas Islands
    • Guam
    • Northern Marianas Islands
  • Caroline Islands
• Marshall Islands

United Kingdom

• British Burma
• Australia
  • New South Wales
  • Queensland
  • South Australia
  • Swan River Colony/Western Australia
  • Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania)
  • Victoria
• British Solomon Islands
• British Western Pacific Territories
• Christmas Island
• Cocos Islands
• Colonial Fiji
• Gilbert and Ellice Islands (Kiribati & Tuvalu)
• Kingdom of Rarotonga (Cook Islands)
• New Zealand
  • Auckland Islands
• Niue
• Norfolk Island
• Territory of Papua and New Guinea
• Territory of New Guinea
• Western Samoa
• Phoenix Islands (part of Kiribati)
• Solomon Islands
• Territory of Papua
• Tokelau
• Tonga
• Southeast Asia
  • Malaysia
  • British Malaya
    • Federated Malay States
    • Straits Settlements
    • Unfederated Malay States
  • British Borneo
    • North Borneo
    • Kingdom of Sarawak
• Brunei
• Singapore
• China
  • Hong Kong

Denmark

• Iceland

Italy

• Albania
• Dodecanese

Spain

Norway

• Iceland
• Faroe Islands
• Isle of Man, Northern Isles, Hebrides

United Kingdom

• Cyprus
• Ionian islands (now part of Greece)
• Ireland
• Malta
• Menorca (now part of Spain)
• Heligoland (now part of Germany)