List of marine gastropods of South Africa

List of the species of sea snails and sea slugs of South Africa From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list of marine gastropods of South Africa attempts to list all of the sea snails and sea slugs of South Africa, in other words the marine gastropod molluscs of that area. This list is a sub-list of the List of marine molluscs of South Africa.

Map of the Southern African coastline showing some of the landmarks referred to in species range statements

Gastropods (/ˈɡæstrəpɒdz/; previously known as Univalves; class Gastropoda /ɡæsˈtrɒpədə/) are a vast and diverse group of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca, comprising the animals commonly known as snails and slugs. With an estimated 65,000 to 80,000 living species, they form the second-largest animal class after the insects. The fossil record of gastropods extends back to the Late Cambrian. As of 2017, 721 families are recognized—476 extant (some with fossil representatives) and 245 extinct known only from fossils.

Gastropods inhabit an extraordinary range of environments, including marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. They occur in gardens, woodlands, deserts, mountains, rivers, lakes, estuaries, mudflats, intertidal zones, the deep sea, hydrothermal vents, and even in parasitic niches.

The term snail generally refers to gastropods with a large external shell into which the body can fully retract, while slugs have no shell or a small internal one, and semislugs can only partially withdraw into their reduced shell. Marine gastropods include familiar forms such as abalones, conches, periwinkles, whelks, and cowries, whose shells are usually coiled in adulthood. In contrast, limpets and related groups coil their shells only in the larval stage, retaining a simple conical form as adults. (Full article...)

Gastropoda

Marine gastropods in South Africa include:

Patellogastropoda

Patellidae - True limpets

  • Cellana radiata capensis (Gmelin, 1791)[1](Port Alfred to Kenya)[2] (syn. Cellana capensis Gmelin, Helcioniscus capensis (Gmelin, 1790), Patella capensis Gmelin, 1791)
  • Variable limpet Helcion concolor Krauss, 1848 (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[2]
  • Helcion dunkeri Krauss, 1848 (Namibia to KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
  • Prickly limpet Helcion pectunculus (Gmelin, 1791) (Namibia to central KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
  • Rayed limpet Helcion pruinosus Krauss, 1848 (Cape Columbine to central KwaZulu-Natal)[2][3]
  • Patella aphanes (Robson, 1986) (Transkei to Cape Vidal)[2] (syn. Scutellastra aphanes)
  • Argenville's limpet Patella argenvillei Krauss, 1848 (Namibia to KwaZulu-Natal south coast)[2] (syn. Scutellastra argenvillei)
  • Bearded limpet Patella barbara Linnaeus, 1758 (Orange river to central KwaZulu-Natal)[2][3] (syn. Scutellastra barbara)
  • Pear limpet Patella cochlear Born, 1778 (Orange river to KwaZulu-Natal south coast)[2] (syn. Scutellastra cochlear)
  • Kelp limpet Patella compressa Linnaeus. 1758 (Namibia to Cape Point)[2][3] (syn. Cymbula compressa)
  • Patella flexuosa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal to Mzambique)[4] (syn. Scutellastra flexuosa)
  • Granite limpet Patella granatina Linnaeus, 1758 (Namibia to Cape Agulhas)[2] (syn. Cymbula granatina)
  • Granular limpet Patella granularis Linnaeus, 1758 (Namibia to KwaZulu-Natal north coast)[2] (syn. Scutellastra granularis)
  • Duck's foot or Long-spined limpet Patella longicosta Lamarck, 1819 (Cape Point to central KwaZulu-Natal)[2] (syn. Scutellastra longicosta)
  • Pink rayed limpet Patella miniata Born, 1778 (Namibia to Eastern Cape)[2][3] (syn. Cymbula miniata)
  • Patella obtecta Krauss, 1848 (Transkei to Kosi Bay)[2] (syn. Scutellastra obtecta)
  • Goat's eye limpet Patella oculus Born, 1778 (Cape Columbine to KwaZulu-Natal south coast)[2] (syn. Cymbula oculus)
  • Patella pica Reeve, 1854 (Zululand to Mozambique)[2] (syn. Scutellastra pica)
  • Patella sanguinans Reeve, 1856 (Transkei to Natal)[2] (syn. Cymbula sanguinans, Patella miniata sanguinans)
  • Giant limpet Patella tabularis Krauss, 1848 (Cape Point to KwaZulu-Natal south coast)[2][3] (syn. Scutellastra tabularis)

Lottiidae - True limpets

Vetigastropoda

Pleurotomariidae

Haliotidae - Abalone

Fissurellidae - Keyhole limpets

Fissurella mutabilis

Calliostomatidae

Trochidae

Turbinidae - Turban shells

Phasianellidae

Neritimorpha

Neritidae - Nerites

Caenogastropoda

Calyptraeidae - Slipper limpets

Hipponicidae - Hoof limpets

Littorinidae

  • Striped periwinkle Littoraria glabrata (Philippi, 1846) (Transkei to Mozambique)[2] (Syn. Littorina kraussi Rosewater, 1970, Littorina glabrata Philippi, 1846)
  • Estuarine periwinkles Littoraria scabra group. (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[2]
  • African periwinkle Nodilittorina africana (Philippi, 1847) (Namibia to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
  • Nodular periwinkle Nodilittorina natalensis Philippi, 1847 (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[2]

Assimineidae

Vermetidae - Worm shells

Turritellidae

Potamididae

Cerithiidae

Xenophoridae

Turridae

Cypraeidae - True cowries

Ovulidae

Velutinidae[1]

  • Coriocella nigra Blainville, 1824: Port Elizabeth and north[8] and Wild Coast to Mozambique.[4]
  • Lamellaria capensis (Bergh, 1907): Cape Point and north (?).[8]
  • Lamellaria leptoconcha (Bergh, 1907): Cape Point and north (?).[8]
  • Lamellaria perspicua (Linnaeus, 1758): Cape Point and north (?).[8]

Triviidae - Trivia[8][1]

  • Alaerato gallinacea (Hinds, 1844): Kei river mouth and north.
  • Cleotrivia globosa (Sowerby II, 1832): Port Alfred and north.
  • Dolichupis producta (Gaskoin, 1836): Leven Point (KwaZulu-Natal) north.
  • Eratoena sulcifera (Sowerby I, 1832): Jeffreys Bay and north.
  • Quasipusula vemacola (Liltved, 1987): Vema seamount, South Atlantic.
  • Semitrivia hallucinata (Liltved, 1984): Ledsman shoal [northern KwaZulu-Natal] and north.
  • Sulcerato recondita (Melvill and Standen, 1903): East London and north.
  • Trivellona suavis (Schilder, 1931): Cape Agulhas and north (?).
  • Baby's toes Triviella aperta (Swainson, 1822): Cape Agulhas to Transkei.[2][4]
  • Trivia sp. cf. Trivella aperta (Swainson, 1822): East London and north.
  • Triviella calvariola (Kilburn, 1980): Cape Agulhas to Great Fish Point.[4]
  • Trivia sp. cf. Triviella calvariola Kilburn, 1980: Cape St. Blaize and north.
  • Triviella costata (Gmelin, 1791): Cape Agulhas and north (?).
  • Triviella eratoides (Liltved 1986): Cape St. Blaize and north.
  • Triviella khanya (Liltved, 1986): Cape St. Blaize to East London.[4]
  • Triviella lemaitrei (Liltved, 1986): Cape St. Blaize and north.
  • Triviella magnidentata (Liltved, 1986):: Cape Town to East London.[4]
  • West coast baby's toes Triviella millardi (Cate, 1979): Cape west coast[2] and Cape Agulhas and north.[3][4]
  • Triviella multicostata (Liltved, 1986): Cape St. Blaize and north.
  • Triviella neglecta Schilder, 1930: Cape Peninsula, Cape Agulhas and north (?).[4]
  • Baby's toes Triviella ovulata (Lamarck, 1810): Cape Point to south Transkei.[2][3][4]
  • Triviella phalacra Schilder, 1930: Cape St. Francis to East London.[2][4]
  • Triviella rubra (Shaw, 1909): Cape Agulhas to Kei River Mouth.[4]
  • Triviella sanctispiritus (Shikama, 1974): Cape Town to East London.[4]
  • Triviella splendidissima Tomlin and Schilder, 1934: Cape Morgan (Eastern Cape) and north.
  • Triviella verhoefi (Gosliner and Liltved, 1981): Cape Agulhas and north (?).[4]
  • Triviella vesicularis (Gaskoin, 1836): Cape St. Blaize and north. Cape Agulhas and north (?).
  • Trivirostra oryza (Lamarck, 1810): Port Alfred to KwaZulu-Natal.
  • Trivirostra hordacea (Kiener, 1843): Coffee Bay and north.
  • Tear drops or Riceys Trivirostra pellucidula (Reeve, 1846): Jeffreys Bay to Mozambique.[2]

Naticidae - Necklace shells

  • Eunaticina perobliqua (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Euspira napus (E.A. Smith, 1904) (Mossel Bay to East London)[4]
  • Mammilla fibrosa (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852) (Mozambique)[4]
  • Comma necklace shell Notocochlis gualteriana Récluz, 1844. (Syn. Natica gualteriana) (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[2]
  • Natica lineata (Roding, 1798) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Mottled necklace shell Natica tecta Anton, 1839 (Namibia to Eastern Cape)[2]
  • Naticarius alapapilionis (Roding, 1798) (northern Wild Coast to Mozambique)[4]
  • Naticarius manceli (Josseaume, 1874) (northern KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]
  • Naticarius onca (Roding, 1798) (northern KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]
  • Neverita albumen (Linnaeus, 1758) (Durban to Mozambique)[4]
  • Neverita perselephanti (Link, 1807) (KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]
  • Moon shell Polinices didyma Röding, 1798 (Mossel Bay to Mozambique)[2]
  • Polinices mammilla Linnaeus 1758 (Transkei to Mozambique)[2]
  • Polinices paciae Bozzetti, 1997 (Northern KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Polinices sebae (Recluz, 1844) (KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]
  • Polinices simiae (Deshayes, 1838) (Wild Coast to Mozambique)[4]
  • Polinices syrphetodes (Kilburn, 1976) (KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]
  • Sinum delessertii (Recluz, 1843) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Sinum haliotoideum (Linnaeus, 1758) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Sinum laevigatum (Lamarck, 1822) (Durban to Mozambique)[4]
  • Sinum quasimodoides Kilburn, 1976 (Northern KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]
  • Tanea euzona (Recluz, 1844) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Tanea hilaris (Sowerby, 1914) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Tectonatica violacea (Sowerby, 1825) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]

Tonnidae - Tonninae

Tonnidae - Cassinae - Helmet shells

  • Pustular triton Argobuccinum pustulosum Lightfoot, 1786 (Orange River to Eastern Cape)[2][3]
  • Casmaria decipiens (Kilburn, 1980) (Wild Coast to central KwaZulu-Natal)[4]
  • Casmaria erinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Casmaria ponderosa (Gmelin, 1791) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Cassis cornuta (Linnaeus, 1758) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Cypraecassis rufa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Galeodea keyteri (Kilburn, 1975) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Oocorys lussii Bozzetti, 1990 (central KwaZulu-Natal)[4]
  • Oocorys sulcata Fischer, 1883 (eastern seaboard of South Africa and Mozambique)[4]
  • Checkerboard bonnet shell Phalium areola (Linnaeus, 1758) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Phalium fimbria (Gmelin, 1791) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Phalium glaucum (Linnaeus, 1758) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Helmet shell Phalium labiatum zeylanicum Lamarck, 1822 (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[2][3] (syn. Semicassis labiata zeylanica)[4]
  • Semicassis bisulcata (Schubert & Wagner, 1829) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Semicassis bulla fernandesi (Kilburn, 1975) (Central KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Semicassis craticulata (Euthyme, 1885) (Jeffreys Bay to Mozambique)[4]
  • Semicassis faurotis (Jousseaume, 1888) (Kwazulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Semicassis faurotis (Jousseaume, 1888) (Kwazulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Semicassis microstoma (von Martens, 1903) (Central Kwazulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]

Janthinidae - Violet shells

Bursidae

Ranellidae

Muricidae

Buccinidae

Buccinidae - Photinae

Fasciolariidae

  • Fasciolaria lugubris
    • Fasciolaria lugubris heynemanni ([2] (Syn? Pleuroploca lugubris heynemanni (Dunker, R.W., 1876))
    • Fasciolaria lugubris lugubris (Saldanha to False Bay)[2] (syn? Pleuroploca lugubris lugubris (Adams, A. & L.A. Reeve in Reeve, L.A., 1847))
  • Long-siphoned whelk Fusinus ocelliferus Lamarck, 1816 (Namaqualand to central KwaZulu-Natal)[2][3]
  • Forsskal's whelk Peristernia forskalii (Tapparone-Canefri, C.E., 1879) (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[2]

Mitridae - Mitres

Strombidae - Strombs

Aporrhaidae - pelican foot shells

Nassariidae

Dogwhelks

Plough shells

Olividae - Olive shells

Marginellidae - Marginellas

Conidae - Cone shells

  • Algoa cone Conus algoensis G. B. Sowerby II, 1834 (Cape Columbine to Cape Agulhas)[2]
    • Conus algoensis algoensis (West coast))[2][3]
    • Yellow Algoa cone Conus algoensis simplex G. B. Sowerby II, 1858 (Cape Point to Hermanus))[2][3]
    • Conus algoensis scitulus (Hermanus to Cape Agulhas))[2]
  • Hebrew cone Conus ebraeus Linnaeus, 1758 (Transkei to Mozambique)[2]
  • Livid cone Conus lividus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 (Transkei to Mozambique)[2]
  • Elongate cone Conus mozambicus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 (Orange river to Eastern Cape)[2][3]
  • Natal textile cone Conus natalis Sowerby II, 1857 (Eastern Cape to central KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
  • Sponsal cone Conus sponsalis Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 (Transkei to Mozambique)[2]
  • Textile cone Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758 (Natal northwards)[2]
  • Variable cone Conus tinianus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 (Agulhas to Transkei)[2]

Cancellariidae

Heterobranchia — Heterobranch gastropods

See article List of marine heterobranch gastropods of South Africa

References

External links

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