List of mountain ranges in Kyrgyzstan
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Mountain ranges occupy the greater part of the territory of Kyrgyzstan (60–65%). In several parts of the country, major nodal mountain uplifts occur, including Khan Tengri and Jengish Chokusu, the Ak-Shyyrak, Chilik–Kemin, Talas–Chatkal, Machin, and other massifs. These nodal uplifts, as well as the watershed sections of most mountain ranges, are covered by extensive glaciation. Overall, most ranges in the Tien-Shan are uneven in shape, with one side differing from the other, and this imbalance can vary even within the same mountain range.
Based on their orientation and mutual arrangement, the mountain ranges and mountains of Kyrgyzstan are grouped into six orographic regions: Central Tien-Shan, Northern Tien-Shan, Inner Tien-Shan, Western Tien-Shan, and Southern Tien-Shan. In addition, the Pamir–Alay orographic region, which belongs to the Pamir mountain system, is represented within Kyrgyzstan by the northern slope of the Trans-Alay (Chon-Alay) Range and the Alay Depression.
A list of mountain ranges in Kyrgyzstan includes 158 mountain ranges in Central Tien-Shan (16), Northern Tien-Shan (19), Inner Tien-Shan (48), Western Tien-Shan (30), South Tien-Shan (41), and Pamir-Alay (4).[1]
The Central Tien-Shan is characterized by the highest elevations, extensive glaciation covering about 40% of its total area, and the dominance of nival–glacial geomorphic processes. The mountain ranges are closely spaced and dissected by narrow valleys. [1]
| Range | Maximum height, m | Highest peak | Length of range, km | Maximum width of range, km |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyr-Ter | 4550 | 34 | 8 | |
| Ak-Shyrak Massif | 5125 | 60 | 28 | |
| At-Jayloo | 4477 | 36 | 9 | |
| Ashuu-Ter | 32 | 15 | ||
| Boz-Kyr | 38 | 7 | ||
| Kayingdy | 5784 | 78 | 14 | |
| Kakshaal Too | 7439 | Jengish Chokusu | 582 | 54 |
| Kan Too | 6995 | Khan Tengri | 38 | 9 |
| Keykap | 5100 | 18 | 7 | |
| Keolyu | 5281 | Sovietskaya Konstitutsiya Peak | 52 | 21 |
| May-Bash | 5361 | 22 | 16 | |
| Meridianalyi | Druzhba Peak | 22(in Kyrgyzstan) | 40 | |
| Sary Jazz | 5816 | Semenov Peak | 93 (in Kyrgyzstan) | 16 |
| Terekti | 4930 | 48 | 11 | |
| Engilchek Too | 5722 | Shokal'skiy Peak | 60 | 12 |
| Eshekart | 4384 | 50 | 12 |
Mountain Ranges of Northern Tien-Shan
The Northern Tien-Shan forms a series of mountain ranges that curve gently toward the south. These ranges are strongly shaped by erosion, with many ancient, once-flat surfaces now exposed again. [1]
| Range | Maximum height, m | Highest peak | Length of range, km | Maximum width of range, km |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arpa-Tektir | 25 | 9 | ||
| Trans-Ili Alatau | 4973 | Talgar Peak | 120(in Kyrgyzstan) | 30 |
| Kalba-Too | 4146 | Atchypas Peak | 25 | 14 |
| Karagatty | Semenov Peak | 93 (in Kyrgyzstan) | 16 | |
| Kara Jylga | 28 | 7 | ||
| Kastek Range | 2782 | 32 (in Kyrgyzstan) | 10 | |
| Kemin Range | 3884 | 36 | 10 | |
| Kyrgyz Ala-Too | 4895 | Semenova Tian-Shanski Peak | 454 | 40 |
| Koshoy Too | 3921 | 36 | 8 | |
| Kuru Ayryk | 26 | 9 | ||
| Kyzyl Ompol | 3183 | 20 | 13 | |
| Kylak Bulak | 32 | 7 | ||
| Kyumyushtak | 36 | 18 | ||
| Kyungey Ala-Too | 4770 | Chok-Tal Peak | 285 | 32 |
| Oktorkoy | 3125 | Cholok Peak | 30 | 7 |
| Ortok Too | 2501 | Shumkar Peak | 35 | 8 |
| Sary Jon | 3230 | 30 | 9 | |
| Talas Ala-Too Range | 4482 | Manas Peak | 260 | 40 |
| Echkili Too | 2160 | 42 | 9 |
Mountain Ranges of Inner Tien-Shan
The mountain ranges of the Inner Tien-Shan, branching off from the Central Tien-Shan as distinct spurs, gradually diverge, widening westward and gently curving southward. This area contains the most widespread remnants of ancient denudation surfaces. [1]
Mountain Ranges of Western Tien-Shan
Unlike most other mountain regions, which mainly run east–west, the mountain ranges of the Western Tien-Shan extend in northwest and northeast directions. [1]
| Range | Maximum height, m | Highest peak | Length of range, km | Maximum width of range, km |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alash Too | 3574 | 20 | 8 | |
| At Oynok Range | 3896 | 70 | 16 | |
| Babash Ata Range | 4427 | Babash Ata | 54 | 8 |
| Bozbu Too | 2875 | 30 | 14 | |
| Jalgyz Kyr Range | 20 | 5 | ||
| Donguz-Too (range) | 2354 | 28 | 6 | |
| Isfan Jayloo Range | 3701 | 34 | 6 | |
| Kadoo Range | 20 | 6 | ||
| Kara Kyr Range | 4634 | Kashka Suu | 36 | 12 |
| Kardy Too | 4129 | 31 | 7 | |
| Kachura Range | 4497 | 34 | 10 | |
| Kenkol Range | 26 | 5 | ||
| Kek Suu Range | 3828 | Chatyr Debe | 60 | 15 |
| Kochkor Dobo Range | 2534 | 21 | 6 | |
| Kulun Range | 30 | 10 | ||
| Kuramy Range | 3769 | 30 | 25 | |
| Kuturgan Range | 24 | 5 | ||
| Pskem Range | 4395 | 120 | 20 | |
| Sary Jon Range | 24 | 5 | ||
| Seruyun Dobo Range | 2469 | 30 | 12 | |
| Suuk Range | 2991 | 22 | 6 | |
| Ters Range | 3890 | 30 | 16 | |
| Toguz Bulak Range | 20 | 7 | ||
| Uzgen Range | 4381 | 56 | 26 | |
| Uzun Akmat Range | 4165 | 40 | 14 | |
| Fergana Range | 4893 | 206 | 62 | |
| Chaar Tash Range | 3143 | 20 | 7 | |
| Chandalash Range | 4114 | 72 | 10 | |
| Chatkal Range | 4503 | 165 | 30 | |
| Chong Boor Too | 3907 | 42 | 10 |