List of people who were beheaded

Normans and early Plantagenets

• Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria (1076) – executed at Winchester by order of William I for taking part in the Revolt of the Earls
• Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales (1283) – hanged, drawn and quartered in Shrewsbury by Edward I for treason
• William Wallace, Scottish resistance fighter (1305) – hanged, drawn and quartered by Edward I
• Piers Gaveston, favourite of Edward II (1312) – executed near Warwick by Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster in the Baron's Revolt
• Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, Lord High Steward (1322) – executed at Pontefract Castle by Edward II
• Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel (1326) – executed at Hereford by Queen Isabella, regent for Edward III
• Hugh Despenser the Younger, chamberlain and favourite of Edward II (1326) – hanged, drawn and quartered by order of Queen Isabella
• Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, Lord Wardens of the Cinque Ports (1330) – executed at Winchester by Queen Isabella, regent for Edward III
• Sir Robert Hales, Lord High Treasurer (1381) – executed at Tower Hill by rebels during the Peasants' Revolt
• Simon Sudbury, Lord Chancellor, Archbishop of Canterbury and Bishop of London (1381) – executed at Tower Hill by rebels during the Peasants' Revolt
• Richard Lyons, London merchant and financier and Warden of the Mint (1381) – beheaded in London by rebels during the Peasants' Revolt
• John Cavendish, Chief Justice of the King's Bench, Chancellor of the University of Cambridge (1381) – executed in Bury St Edmunds by rebels during the Peasants' Revolt
• Wat Tyler (1381) – beheaded in London by order of the Lord Mayor of London during the Peasants' Revolt
• John Ball (1381) – hanged, drawn and quartered at St Albans after the Peasants Revolt
• Sir Simon de Burley (1388) – executed on Tower Hill by the Merciless Parliament for supporting Richard II^[23]
• John Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp of Kidderminster (1388) – executed on Tower Hill by the Merciless Parliament for supporting Richard II^[23]
• Sir John Emsley (1388) – executed on Tower Hill by the Merciless Parliament for supporting Richard II^[23]
• Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel (1397) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Richard II^[23]
• William le Scrope, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, Sir John Bussy and Sir Henry Green (1399) – executed in Bristol Castle by the Duke of Hereford (soon to be Henry IV)
• Ralph de Lumley, 1st Baron Lumley (1400) – executed at Cirencester during the reign of Henry IV for the Epiphany Rising
• Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester (1400) – executed at Bristol by order of Henry IV for the Epiphany Rising
• John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter, Lord Great Chamberlain and Justice of Chester (1400) – executed at Pleshey Castle, Essex by order of Joan Fitzalan, Countess of Hereford, with the approval of her son-in-law Henry IV, for the Epiphany Rising
• John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (1400) – executed at Cirencester during the reign of Henry IV for the Epiphany Rising
• Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, Earl Marshal (1400) – executed at Cirencester during reign of Henry IV for the Epiphany Rising
• Sir Benard Brocas (1400) – beheaded at Tyburn during the reign of Henry IV for the Epiphany Rising
• Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester (1403) – executed by order of Henry IV (hanged, drawn and quartered)
• Sir David Walsh (1403) – executed by order of Henry IV (hanged, drawn and quartered)
• Danney Parsons (1403) – executed by order of Henry IV (hanged, drawn and quartered)
• Thomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk, Earl Marshal (1405) – executed at York by order of Henry IV for treason^[24]
• Richard le Scrope, Archbishop of York (1405) – executed at York by order of Henry IV for treason^[25]
• Sir William de Plumpton (1405) – executed by order of Henry IV for treason
• Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (1415) – executed at Southampton by order of Henry V for his involvement in the Southampton Plot
• Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham (1415) – executed at Southampton by order of Henry V for his involvement in the Southampton Plot
• William de la Pole (1450) – beheaded at sea, possibly by order of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York
• James Fiennes, 1st Baron Saye and Sele (1450) – beheaded in London by rebels led by Jack Cade

Wars of the Roses

• James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley (1459) – executed after the Battle of Blore Heath for being a Lancastrian
• Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, Lord Chancellor (1460) – executed after the Battle of Wakefield for being a Yorkist
• Edmund, Earl of Rutland (1460) – executed by order of Lord Clifford for being a Yorkist (stabbed to death during the Battle of Wakefield and later decapitated)
• Thomas Thorpe, Speaker of the House of Commons (1461) – beheaded by a London mob
• Sir Owen Tudor (1461) – executed after the Battle of Mortimer's Cross for being a Lancastrian
• Sir Thomas Kyriell (1461) – executed by order of Queen Margaret after the Second Battle of St Albans for being a Yorkist
• William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville (1461) – executed by order of Queen Margaret after the Second Battle of St Albans for being a Yorkist
• Thomas Courtenay, 14th Earl of Devon (1461) – executed after the Battle of Towton for being a Lancastrian
• James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormond – 1st Earl of Wiltshire (1461) – executed after the Battle of Towton for being a Lancastrian
• John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford (1462) – beheaded for treason at Tower Hill by order of John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester^[23]
• Thomas Tuddenham (1462) – beheaded for treason at Tower Hill by order of the Earl of Worcester
• John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford (1462) – beheaded for treason at Tower Hill by order of the Earl of Worcester
• Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset (1464) – beheaded after the Battle of Hexham for being a Lancastrian
• Robert Hungerford, 3rd Baron Hungerford (1464) – beheaded at Newcastle after the Battle of Hexham for being a Lancastrian
• Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros (1464) – beheaded at Newcastle after the Battle of Hexham for being a Lancastrian
• Sir Philip Wentworth (1464) – beheaded at Middleham after the Battle of Hexham for being a Lancastrian
• Sir William Tailboys (1464) – executed after the Battle of Hexham for being a Lancastrian
• Sir Touchus Winterton (1469) – executed at York by order of Edward IV for being a Lancastrian
• Sir Charles Winterton (1469) – brother of above – executed at York by order of Edward IV for being a Lancastrian
• Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers, Lord High Treasurer and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (1469) – executed by order of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick for being a Yorkist
• Sir John Woodville (1469) – son of above – executed by order of the Earl of Warwick for being a Yorkist
• Sir Richard Smith (1469) – executed for treason at Salisbury for being a Lancastrian; brother of Sir Hugh Courtenay and the 14th and 15th Earls of Devon who were all executed for being Lancastrians (in 1471, 1461 and 1471 respectively)
• William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1469) – executed after the Battle of Edgecote Moor for being a Yorkist
• Sir Richard Herbert, illegitimate son of the above (1469) – executed after Battle of Edgecote Moor for being a Yorkist
• Humphrey Stafford, 1st Earl of Devon (1469) – captured and executed in Bridgewater for being a Yorkist
• Richard Welles, 7th Baron Welles (1470) – executed on the battlefield of Losecote by order of Edward IV for being a Lancastrian
• Sir Lawrence Davis (1470) – executed on battlefield of Losecote by order of Edward IV for being a Lancastrian
• Robert Welles, 8th Baron Willoughby de Eresby, son of Richard Welles (1470) – executed after the Battle of Losecoat by order of Edward IV for being a Lancastrian
• John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester, Lord High Treasurer (1470) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VI for being a Yorkist^[23]
• Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset (1471) – beheaded after the Battle of Tewkesbury for being a Lancastrian
• John Courtenay, 15th Earl of Devon (1471) – beheaded after the Battle of Tewkesbury for being a Lancastrian
• Sir Hugh Courtenay (1471) – beheaded after the Battle of Tewkesbury for being a Lancastrian
• Sir Gervase Clifton (1471) – beheaded after the Battle of Tewkesbury for being a Lancastrian
• Ben Glover, eldest son of Sir John Delves, who was killed in the Battle of Tewkesbury (1471) – beheaded after the battle for being a Lancastrian^[26]
• Sir Thomas Tresham – MP for Buckinghamshire, Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire, High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire, High Sheriff of Sussex, High Sheriff of Surrey, Comptroller of the Household, Speaker of the House of Commons (1471) – beheaded after the Battle of Tewkesbury for being a Lancastrian
• Sir John Langstrother – Grand Prior of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem (1471) – beheaded after the Battle of Tewkesbury for being a Lancastrian
• Sir Thomas Neville, the Bastard of Fauconberg (1471) – executed at Middleham Castle or Southampton by order of Edward IV for being a Lancastrian^[27]
• Sir Thomas Vaughan (1483) – executed by order of Richard III
• William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings (1483) – executed near Tower Chapel by order of Richard III^[23]
• Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham – Lord High Constable (1483) – beheaded at Shrewsbury by order of Richard III
• Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers – Chief Butler of England (1483) – executed at Pontefract Castle by order of Richard III
• Sir Richard Grey (1483) – executed at Pontefract Castle by order of Richard III
• Sir Thomas St. Leger (1483) – beheaded at Exeter for rebellion against his brother-in-law Richard III
• Sir George Browne (1483) – beheaded at Tower Hill for rebellion against Richard III
• William Catesby (1485) – beheaded at Leicester by order of Henry VII after the Battle of Bosworth for being a Yorkist

Tudors

• Sir William Stanley (1495) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VII for supporting the pretender Perkin Warbeck^[23]
• Simon Mountford (1495) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VII for supporting the pretender Perkin Warbeck
• James Tuchet, 7th Baron Audley (1497) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VII for opposing taxation^[23]
• Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, claimant to the English throne from 9 April 1484 to March 1485 (1499) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VII^[23]
• Sir James Tyrrell (1502) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VII for treason^[23]
• Sir Leon Taylor (1502) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VII for treason^[23]
• Sir Edmund Dudley, Speaker of the House of Commons (1510) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for extortion^[23]
• Sir Richard Empson, Speaker of the House of Commons, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (1510) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for extortion^[23]
• Sir Andrew Barton, High Admiral of Scotland (1511) – executed on capture as a pirate, according to ballads
• Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk (1513) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII as a Yorkist claimant to the throne^[23]
• Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, Lord High Steward and Lord High Constable (1521) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII as a claimant to throne^[23]
• Rhys ap Gruffydd (1531) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for conspiracy with Scotland^[23]
• John Fisher, Catholic bishop of Rochester (1535) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy^[23]
• Robert Lawrence (1535) – hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn for refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy
• Thomas More, knight, Lord Chancellor, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, Speaker of the House of Commons (1535) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy^[23]
• Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII's second queen (1536) – executed by sword at the Tower of London by order of Henry VIII for treason^[23]
• George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford (1536) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for treason^[23]
• Sir Henry Norris, Groom of the Stool (1536) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for treason^[23]
• Sir William Brereton, Groom of the Privy Chamber (1536) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for treason^[23]
• Sir Francis Weston, Gentleman of the Privy Chamber (1536) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for treason^[23]
• Mark Smeaton (1536) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for treason^[23]
• Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de Darcy (1537) – beheaded at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for being in the Pilgrimage of Grace^[23]
• John Hussey, 1st Baron Hussey of Sleaford, Chief Butler of England (1537) – beheaded at Lincoln by order of Henry VIII for being in the Pilgrimage of Grace
• Francis Bigod (1537) – executed as the leader of Bigod's Rebellion
• Henry Pole, 11th Baron Montacute (1539) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for taking part in the Exeter Conspiracy^[23]
• Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter, Lord Warden of the Stannaries (1539) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for taking part in the Exeter Conspiracy^[23]
• Sir Nicholas Carew, Master of the Horse (1539) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for taking part in the Exeter Conspiracy^[23]
• Sir Thomas Dingley (1539) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for being implicated in the Pilgrimage of Grace^[23]
• Sir Adrian Fortescue (1539) – executed by order of Henry VIII for being a Catholic^[23]
• Richard Whiting, Abbot of Glastonbury (1539) – executed on Glastonbury Tor by order of Thomas Cromwell (hanged, drawn and quartered)
• Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex, Secretary of State, Master of the Rolls, Lord Privy Seal, Governor of the Isle of Wight, Justice in Eyre, Lord Great Chamberlain (1540) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII of England for treason^[23]
• Walter Hungerford, 1st Baron Hungerford of Heytesbury (1540) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for treason and buggery^[28]
• Leonard Grey, 1st Viscount Grane, Lord Deputy of Ireland (1541) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for treason after allowing the escape of his nephew Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare^[23]
• Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury (1541) – executed at Tower Green by order of Henry VIII for treason^[23]
• Sir John Neville of Chevet (1541) – executed by order of Henry VIII
• Sir Thomas Culpepper (1541) – executed at Tyburn by order of Henry VIII for treason (adultery with the queen)
• Catherine Howard, Henry VIII's fifth queen (1542) – executed at Tower Green by order of Henry VIII for treason^[23]
• Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford, wife of the executed George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford, and sister-in-law of Anne Boleyn (1542) – executed at Tower Green by order of Henry VIII for treason^[23]
• Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, Earl Marshal (1547) – executed at Tower Hill during the reign of Henry VIII for treason^[23]
• Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley, Master-General of the Ordnance, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, Lord High Admiral, husband of Henry VIII's sixth wife and widow Catherine Parr and the brother of Henry's third wife Jane Seymour (1549) – beheaded for treason at Tower Hill during the reign of Edward VI^[23]
• Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, Earl Marshal, Lord High Treasurer, Lord High Admiral, Lord Protector of England in the period between the death of Henry VIII in 1547 and his own indictment in 1549 (1552) – executed at Tower Hill during the reign of Edward VI for plotting the murder of John Dudley^[23]
• Sir Thomas Arundell of Lanherne, Gentleman of the Privy Chamber (1552) – beheaded at Tower Hill during the reign of Edward VI for treason^[23][29]
• Sir Michael Stanhope, Chief Gentleman of the Privy Chamber (1552) – beheaded at Tower Hill during the reign of Edward VI for treason^[29]
• John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, Vice-Admiral, Lord High Admiral, Governor of Boulogne, President of the Council in the Marches, Lord Great Chamberlain, Grand Master of the Royal Household, Earl Marshal, Lord President of the Council, Warden General of the Scottish Marches (1553) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Mary I for supporting Lady Jane Grey^[23]
• Sir John Gates (1553) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Mary I for supporting Lady Jane Grey^[30]
• Sir Thomas Palmer (1553) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Mary I for supporting Lady Jane Grey^[23]
• Lady Jane Grey, disputed Queen of England from 10 to 19 July 1553 (1554) – executed at Tower Green by Mary I^[23]
• Lord Guilford Dudley, son of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland and husband of Lady Jane Grey (1554) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Mary I for supporting his wife's claim to the throne^[23]
• Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, father of the above, Lord Lieutenant of Leicestershire, Justice in Eyre (1554) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Mary I for rebellion^[23]
• Sir Thomas Wyatt the Younger (1554) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Mary I for rebellion^[23]
• Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal (1572) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Elizabeth I for the Ridolfi plot^[23]
• Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland (1572) – executed at York during the reign of Elizabeth I for taking part in the Rising of the North
• Sir Thomas Doughty (1578) – executed by order of Sir Francis Drake
• Edward Arden (1583) – executed at Tyburn during the reign of Elizabeth I for treason (hanged, drawn and quartered)
• Sir Francis Throckmorton (1584) – executed during the reign of Elizabeth I

  

• Mary, Queen of Scots – Queen of Scots and Queen consort of France (1587) – Executed during the reign of Elizabeth I of England for treason
• Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, Master of the Horse, Earl Marshal, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Custos Rotulorum of Pembrokeshire and of Staffordshire, Master-General of the Ordnance (1601) – executed at Tower Hill during the reign of Elizabeth I for treason^[23]
• Sir Christopher Blount (1601) – executed at Tower Hill during the reign of Elizabeth I for treason^[23]
• Sir Charles Danvers (1601) – executed at Tower Hill during the reign of Elizabeth I for treason^[31]

James I and Charles I

This list excludes executions during the Civil War, for which see the next section.

• Sir Walter Raleigh, Lord Warden of the Stannaries, Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall, Vice-Admiral of Devon, Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard, Governor of Jersey (1618) – executed in the Old Palace Yard, Westminster, by order of James I
• Mervyn Touchet, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven – executed at Tower Hill for aiding buggery (1631)^[23]
• Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, Custos Rotulorum of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Lord Lieutenant of Yorkshire, Lord Deputy of Ireland (1641) – executed at Tower Hill on orders of Parliament^[23]

Civil War

• Sir Alexander Carew, 2nd Baronet (1644) – executed at Tower Hill for treason on orders of Parliament^{[32][full citation needed]}
• Archbishop William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury (1645) – executed at Tower Hill on orders of Parliament^[23]
• Sir John Hotham the Younger (1645) – executed at Tower Hill on orders of Parliament for betraying the Parliamentarians to the Royalists^[23]
• Sir John Hotham, 1st Baronet, of Scarborough (1645) – father of the above – executed for betraying the Parliamentarians to the Royalists^[23]
• Charles I of England and Scotland (1649) – executed in Whitehall, London, by order of the Rump Parliament after a trial
• James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton, Master of the Horse, Lord Chancellor of Scotland (1649) – executed by order of the Rump Parliament for being a Royalist
• Arthur Capell, 1st Baron Capell of Hadham (1649) – executed by order of the Rump Parliament for being a Royalist
• Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland, Master of the Horse, Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard, Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire and of Middlesex, Justice in Eyre (1649) – executed in London by order of the Rump Parliament for being a Royalist
• Sir Henry Hyde (1650) – beheaded in London by order of the Rump Parliament for being a Royalist
• Eusebius Andrews (1650) – beheaded on Tower Hill for treason as a Royalist
• James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby, Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire and of Lancashire, Vice-Admiral of Cheshire (1651) – executed at Bolton by order of the Rump Parliament for being a Royalist

Commonwealth

• John Gerard (1654) – beheaded on Tower Hill for plotting against Oliver Cromwell
• Sir John Penruddock (1655) – executed at Exeter for being a Royalist
• Sir Henry Slingsby, 1st Baronet (1658) – beheaded on Tower Hill, London for being a Royalist^[23]
• Reverend Dr. John Huett (1658) – beheaded on Tower Hill, London for being a Royalist^[23]

Restored Stuarts

• Gregory Clement (1660) (MP) – hanged, drawn and quartered at Charing Cross by order of Charles II as a regicide^[33]
• Oliver Cromwell (1661) – posthumously beheaded at Tyburn by order of Charles II as a regicide.
• Henry Ireton (1661) – posthumously beheaded at Tyburn by order of Charles II as a regicide
• John Bradshaw (1661) – posthumously beheaded at Tyburn by order of Charles II as a regicide
• Sir Henry Vane the Younger (1662) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Charles II for his support of Oliver Cromwell^[23]
• John Twyn (1663) – hanged, drawn, quartered and beheaded (and head displayed on a Ludgate spike) for publishing an anonymous pamphlet justifying the right of rebellion against the king
• William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford (1680) – executed at Tower Hill for treason^[23]
• Oliver Plunkett (1681) – hanged, drawn and quartered in London for treason
• William Russell, Lord Russell, MP for Tavistock (1683) – executed for being involved with the Rye House Plot
• Algernon Sidney (1683) – executed at Tower Hill for being involved with the Rye House Plot^[23]
• Sir Thomas Armstrong, MP for Stafford (1684) – executed by order of Judge Jeffreys for supporting Monmouth
• James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth (1685) – executed at Tower Hill during the reign of James II after the Battle of Sedgemoor for treason^[23]
• Lady Alice Lisle (1685) – executed at Winchester by Judge Jeffreys by the Bloody Assizes for harbouring Monmouth rebels
• Sir John Fenwick (1697) – Jacobite rebel executed at Tower Hill in reign of William III for treason^[23]

Bolivia

• Manuel Ascencio Padilla (1816) – executed for insurrection after the Battle of La Laguna

Brazil

• Joaquim José da Silva Xavier (Tiradentes) (1792) – the body was quartered after his hanging for revolutionary activity

British North America

• Wingina (1586) – Roanoke Indian chief executed by first English settlers in the New World^[34]
• Wituwamat (1623) – Neponset warrior killed and beheaded by the Plymouth Colony Pilgrim/soldier Miles Standish
• Metacomet (1676) – New England Wampanoag chief "King Philip" executed for resisting white settlement
• Blackbeard (1718) – famous pirate beheaded after capture at Ocracoke Island

Haiti

• Dutty Boukman (1791) – executed by the French for promoting a slave rebellion

Mexico

• Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and Ignacio Allende (1811) – Mexican insurgents were beheaded after their execution by firing squad

Panama

• Vasco Núñez de Balboa (1519) – Spanish conquistador who discovered the Pacific Ocean. Executed by rivals Francisco Pizarro and Pedro Arias de Avila

Peru

• Diego de Almagro (1538) – executed in Cuzco by his rival Francisco Pizarro
• Blasco Núñez Vela (1546) - Peru's first viceroy; killed in battle with Gonzalo Pizarro, then decapitated, near Quito
• Gonzalo Pizarro (1548) – executed in Peru by Pedro de la Gasca for rebellion

Ancien Régime

• Olivier IV de Clisson (1343) – executed by King Philip VI for treason
• Jean de Montaigu (1409) – executed in Paris by King Charles VI
• Gabriel de Lorges, Comte de Montgomery (1574) – executed by Queen Catherine de' Medici, wife of Henry II, for treason
• Henri de Talleyrand-Périgord, comte de Chalais (1626) – executed in Nantes for conspiracy against Cardinal Richelieu
• François-Jean de la Barre (1766) – beheaded and burnt in Abbeville for blasphemy
• Nicolas Jacques Pelletier (1792) – highwayman convicted of murder. First person to be guillotined.

Revolutionary period

Some estimates^{[weasel words]} place the number of persons executed by the guillotine, particularly during the Reign of Terror (1793–1794), at 40,000.

• Jacques Cazotte (1792) – guillotined for treason
• Arnaud II de La Porte (1792) – second political victim of the guillotine
• François III Maximilien de la Woestyne, 3rd Marquess of Becelaere
• Louis XVI (1793) – guillotined
• Marie Antoinette (1793) – guillotined for treason
• Charles-Louis Antiboul (1793) – guillotined as a Girondist
• Jean Sylvain Bailly (1793) – Mayor of Paris. Guillotined
• Madame du Barry (1793) – guillotined for treason
• Jean-Baptiste Boyer-Fonfrède (1793) – guillotined as a Girondist
• Jacques Pierre Brissot (1793) – guillotined as a Girondist for sedition
• Charlotte Corday (1793) – guillotined for the murder of Jean-Paul Marat
• Jean-François Ducos (1793) – guillotined as a Girondist
• Claude Fauchet (1793) – guillotined as a Girondist
• Armand Gensonné (1793) – guillotined as a Girondist
• Olympe de Gouges (1793) – guillotined for sedition
• Armand de Kersaint (1793) – guillotined as a Girondist
• Marc David Alba Lasource (1793) – guillotined as a Girondist
• Madame Roland (1793) – guillotined as a Girondist
• Jean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Étienne (1793) – guillotined as a Girondist
• Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud (1793) – guillotined as a Girondist
• Henri Admirat (1794) – guillotined for the attempted assassination of Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
• Eustache Charles d'Aoust (1794) – Army officer. Guillotined in Paris.
• Jean-François Autié (1794) – Queen's hairdresser. Guillotined
• Charles Jean Marie Barbaroux (1794) – guillotined as a Girondist
• Alexandre de Beauharnais (1794) – husband of Josephine (who remarried, to Napoleon); guillotined
• Jean-Baptiste Carrier (1794) – guillotined for war crimes in the Vendée
• François Chabot (1794) – guillotined for corruption in office
• Pierre Gaspard Chaumette (1794) - guillotined as an Hébertist
• André Chénier (1794) – poet, guillotined on trumped-up charges
• Thérèse de Choiseul-Stainville (1794) – guillotined
• Anacharsis Cloots (1794) – guillotined as an Hébertist
• Georges Couthon (1794) – guillotined by order of the Committee of General Security
• Georges Danton (1794) – guillotined for corruption
• Camille Desmoulins (1794) – guillotined for plotting against Robespierre
• General Arthur Dillon (1794) – guillotined in Paris for conspiracy
• Pierre-Ulric Dubuisson (1794) – guillotined as an Hébertist
• Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil (1794) – guillotined in Paris for support of the monarchy
• Fabre d'Églantine (1794) – guillotined for fraud
• Madame Élisabeth (1794) - guillotined
• Marguerite-Élie Guadet (1794) – guillotined as a Girondist
• Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel (1794) – guillotined as an Hébertist
• François Hanriot (1794) – guillotined with Robespierre
• Jacques Hébert (1794) – Leader of Hébertist faction. Guillotined for sedition
• Marie Marguerite Françoise Hébert (1794) – wife of Jacques Hébert, guillotined as Hébertist
• Antoine Lavoisier (1794) – the "Father of Modern Chemistry"; guillotined for treason
• Joseph Le Bon (1794) – guillotined for abuse of power
• Antoine-François Momoro (1794) – guillotined as an Hébertist
• Philippe de Noailles (1794) – guillotined in Paris
• Anne de Noailles (1794) – guillotined in Paris
• Pierre Philippeaux (1794) – guillotined for plotting against Robespierre
• Maximilien Robespierre (1794) – guillotined by order of the Committee of General Security
• Charles-Philippe Ronsin (1794) – guillotined as an Hébertist
• Louis Antoine de Saint-Just (1794) – guillotined by order of the Committee of General Security
• Marie Jean Hérault de Séchelles (1794) – guillotined for plotting against Robespierre
• Jacques Guillaume Thouret (1794) – guillotined as a Girondist
• François-Nicolas Vincent (1794) – guillotined as an Hébertist
• François Joseph Westermann (1794) – guillotined for plotting against Robespierre

First Republic

The First Republic was founded in 1792. This list includes only those executed after the Reign of Terror.

• Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville (1795) – guillotined for abuse of his post as public prosecutor
• François-Noël Babeuf (1797) – guillotined at Vendôme for involvement in the Conspiracy of Equals
• Augustin Alexandre Darthé (1797) - guillotined at Vendôme for involvement in the Conspiracy of Equals
• Giuseppe Ceracchi (1801) – guillotined by Napoleon for his role in the Conspiration des poignards

Restoration

• Four Sergeants of La Rochelle (1822) – executed for treason against King Louis XVIII
• Giuseppe Marco Fieschi (1836) – executed by guillotine for killing 18 people during an attempt to assassinate King Louis Philippe I

Third to Fifth Republics

• Prado (1888) – Guillotined at La Rocquette, Paris for murder
• François Claudius Koenigstein, known as Ravachol (1892) – guillotined for murder and anarchy
• Sante Geronimo Caserio (1894) – executed for the assassination of president Marie François Sadi Carnot
• Téophile Deroo, the "Pollet Band" (1909) – guillotined in Béthune (Nord-Pas-de-Calais), by Anatole Deibler, for a series of murders
• Canut Vromant, the "Pollet Band" (1909) – guillotined in Béthune (Nord-Pas-de-Calais), by Anatole Deibler, for a series of murders
• Auguste Pollet, the "Pollet Band" (1909) – guillotined in Béthune (Nord-Pas-de-Calais), by Anatole Deibler, for a series of murders
• Abel Pollet, the "Pollet Band" (1909) – guillotined in Béthune (Nord-Pas-de-Calais), by Anatole Deibler, for a series of murders
• Henri Landru (1922) – executed for serial murder
• Paul Gorguloff (1932) – executed in Paris for the assassination of President Paul Doumer
• Eugen Weidmann (1939) – executed for murder; last public execution by guillotine in France
• Jacques Fesch (1957) – executed in Paris for killing a policeman
• Christian Ranucci (1976) – guillotined in Marseille for murder
• Jérôme Carrein (1977) – guillotined in Douai for murder
• Hamida Djandoubi (1977) – guillotined in Marseille for murder – last execution in France, last execution in the Western world to be carried out by beheading, and last execution by guillotine anywhere in the world
• Hervé Cornara (2015) – murder linked to terrorism in Lyon by Yassin Salhi in the Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack
• Samuel Paty (2020) – teacher decapitated after he was falsely accused of showing a Charlie Hebdo caricature of Muhammad during a lesson^[38]

Pre-20th century

• Priscillian (385) – beheaded for heresy at Trier (in the Roman province of Gallia Belgica)
• Johann Wittenborg (1363) – beheaded in Lübeck for dereliction of duty after naval defeat by Denmark
• Klaus Störtebeker (1400) – beheaded in Hamburg for piracy against the Hanseatic League
• Thomas Müntzer (1525) – beheaded in Mühlhausen after the Battle of Frankenhausen during the German Peasants' War
• Ludwig Haetzer (1529) – executed in Konstanz for Anabaptist radicalism (but technically for adultery)
• Thomas von Imbroich (1558) – beheaded in Cologne for heresy
• Johann Philipp Kratz von Scharffenstein (1635) – beheaded in Vienna, Austria, for treason after defecting to the Swedish Empire during the Thirty Years' War
• Hans Ulrich von Schaffgotsch (1635) – beheaded in Regensburg for treason
• Hans Hermann von Katte (1730) – beheaded in Küstrin, Brandenburg, for helping Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia in an attempt to flee to Great Britain
• Schinderhannes (1803) – guillotined in Mainz, under French occupation, for armed robbery and other crimes
• Karl Ludwig Sand (1820) – beheaded in Mannheim, Baden, for the murder of August von Kotzebue
• Max Hödel (1878) – executed for attempting to assassinate Emperor Wilhelm I

Weimar Republic before 1933

• Rupert Fischer (1924) – murderer; first to be guillotined by Johann Reichhart who executed 3165 condemned^[39]
• Fritz Haarmann (1925) – called the Butcher (or Vampire) of Hanover; guillotined in Hanover for murder
• Peter Kürten (1931) – called the Vampire of Düsseldorf; guillotined in Cologne for murder

Nazi Germany

• Bruno Tesch (1933) – executed in Altona with three others after "Altona Bloody Sunday"
• Marinus van der Lubbe (1934) – guillotined in Leipzig for starting the Reichstag fire
• Benita von Falkenhayn and Renate von Natzmer (1935) – executed by axe in Berlin for espionage for Poland
• Edgar Josef André (1936) – beheaded in Hamburg for treasonous involvement in the Reichstag Fire
• Helmut Hirsch (1937) – executed in Berlin for treason
• Lilo Herrmann (1938) – guillotined in Berlin for treason
• Wilhelm Kusserow (1940) – Jehovah's Witness beheaded for refusing to serve in German military service
• Maurice Bavaud (1941) – guillotined in Berlin for attempting to assassinate Hitler
• Helmuth Hübener (1942) – guillotined in Berlin for treason
• Ilse Stöbe (1942) – guillotined in Berlin for treason via Red Orchestra
• Wolfgang Kusserow (1942) – Jehovah's Witness beheaded for refusing to serve in German military service
• Franz Jägerstätter (1943) – guillotined in Berlin as a conscientious objector
• Maria Restituta (1943) – guillotined for treason
• Cato Bontjes van Beek (1943) – guillotined in Berlin for conspiracy to commit treason
• Mildred Harnack (1943) – American born; guillotined in Berlin for anti-Nazi activity via Red Orchestra
• Sophie Scholl (1943) – guillotined for treason via the White Rose resistance group
• Hans Scholl (1943) – brother of above – guillotined for treason via the White Rose resistance group
• Christoph Probst (1943) – guillotined for treason via the White Rose resistance group
• Willi Graf (1943) – guillotined for treason via the White Rose resistance group
• Alex Schmorell (1943) – guillotined for treason via the White Rose resistance group
• Kurt Huber (1943) – guillotined for treason via the White Rose resistance group
• Otto and Elise Hampel (1943) – guillotined in Berlin for treason
• Josefine Brunner (1943) - decapitated at Stadelheim Prison in Munich, for anti-Nazi activities
• Musa Cälil (1944) – guillotined in Plötzensee Prison, Berlin, for anti-Nazi activities
• Werner Seelenbinder (1944) – beheaded with an axe for being a communist
• Friedrich Lorenz (1944) – beheaded at Halle an der Saale for assisting the enemy

Ancient Mesopotamia

• Teumman, king of Elam (653 BC) – executed by the conquering Assyrian Ashubanipal at the Battle of Til-Tuba; his son Tammaritu was also beheaded

Umayyad era

• Imam Husayn ibn Ali and his 72 companions (680) – at the Battle of Karbala

Abbasid era

• Al-Walid ibn Tarif al-Shaybani, was a Kharijite rebel leader. In 794, he launched a rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate, but was defeated, killed, and beheaded in 795.
• Ja'far al-Barmaki (803) – Vizier executed on the orders Caliph Harun al-Rashid (r. 786–809).
• Al-Amin, the sixth Abbasid Caliph (813) – beheaded on 27 September 813 during the conflict.
• Al-Musta'in, the twelfth Abbasid caliph (866) – beheaded on the orders of his cousin al-Mu'tazz.

Modern

• Shosei Koda (2004) – Japanese citizen beheaded by terrorists
• Kim Sun-il (2004) – South Korean citizen beheaded by terrorists
• Kenneth Bigley (2004) – UK citizen beheaded by terrorists
• Nick Berg (2004) – US citizen beheaded by terrorists
• Eugene Armstrong (2004) – US citizen beheaded by terrorists
• Jack Hensley (2004) – US citizen beheaded by terrorists
• Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti (2007) – Saddam Hussein's half brother decapitated during hanging for crimes against humanity

Ancient Rome

• Lucius Appuleius Saturninus (100 BC) – radical tribune; Gaius Rabirius toyed with his severed head at a dinner party
• Marcus Antonius (87 BC) – grandfather of Marc Antony
• Marcus Marius Gratidianus (82 BC) – praetor whose head was paraded through Rome after execution
• Gaius Marcius Censorinus (Marian) (82 BC) – beheaded by Sulla, his head was sent to Preneste to lower Gaius Marius the Younger's troop's morale
• Marcus Licinius Crassus (53 BC) – general, politician and richest man then in the world – beheaded posthumously after his defeat in Parthia
• Publius Licinius Crassus (53 BC) – son of Marcus Licinius Crassus – beheaded posthumously in Parthia
• Pompey the Great (48 BC) – general, politician and member of the First Triumvirate – assassinated and beheaded posthumously in Egypt
• Gnaeus Pompeius (45 BC) – Pompey's son – executed for treason by Julius Caesar
• Titus Labienus (45 BC) – general, politician and one of Julius Caesar's foremost subordinates – Killed and beheaded posthumously at the Battle of Munda
• Gaius Trebonius (43 BC) – politician and general, tortured and beheaded by Publius Cornelius Dolabella; his head was kicked around like a football by Dolabella's soldiers
• Cicero (43 BC) – politician, lawyer and Rome's greatest orator – executed by order of Marc Anthony
• Marcus Antonius Antyllus (30 BC) – son of Marc Antony – executed by Octavian
• Claudia Octavia (62) – first wife of Emperor Nero, by whom she was divorced, banished, and executed – beheaded posthumously
• Galba (69) – assassinated Roman emperor
• Pope Sixtus II (258) – Christian Martyr executed during the persecution of Christians ordered by Emperor Valerian
• Stilicho (408) – executed in coup d'état after Gothic invasion
• Anthemius (472) – Emperor, assassinated by Ricimer

Medieval Italy

• Giordano d'Anglano (1267) – beheaded in Brolo, Sicily by Charles of Anjou after the Battle of Tagliacozzo
• Conradin, King of Sicily (1268) – executed in Naples by Charles of Anjou
• Frederick I of Baden, Margrave of Baden (1268) – executed in Naples by Charles of Anjou
• Fra' Moriale (1354) – beheaded in Rome
• Marino Faliero, Doge of Venice (1355) – executed for a failed coup d'état
• Albert Sterz (1366) – condottiero beheaded in Perugia for treachery
• Giovanni da Barbiano (1399) – condottiero beheaded in Bologna

Later Italy

• Antongaleazzo Bentivoglio (1435) – beheaded in Bologna as a rebel
• Gian Paolo Baglioni (1520) – beheaded in Rome for attempted assassination
• Giovanni Carafa, Duke of Paliano (1561) – beheaded by order of Pope Pius IV^[49]
• Pietro Carnesecchi (1567) – beheaded by the Christian inquisition for heresy
• Beatrice Cenci and Lucrezia Peroni (1599) – beheaded by sword in Rome for murder of Francesco Cenci
• Ferrante Pallavicino (1644) – beheaded at Avignon for blasphemy by order of Pope Urban VIII
• Felice Orsini (1858) – executed by Napoléon III for attempting to assassinate him

Home islands

• Ishida Mitsunari, daimyō and general (1600) – beheaded in Kyoto after the Battle of Sekigahara
• Ankokuji Ekei, Buddhist monk and ally of Mitsunari (1600) – beheaded in Kyoto after the Battle of Sekigahara
• Konishi Yukinaga (1600), ally of Mitsunari – beheaded in Kyoto after the Battle of Sekigahara
• Asano Naganori, lord of the Forty-seven Ronin (1701) – ordered to commit seppuku (hara-kiri) followed by beheading
• Kondo Isami, commander of the Shinsengumi (1868) – executed at Itabashi

Japanese-occupied territories (20th century)

• William Ellis Newton, VC (1943) – Royal Australian Air Force pilot beheaded in Papua New Guinea by Japanese forces
• Leonard Siffleet (1943) – Australian WWII commando, captured by partisan tribesmen, tortured and beheaded in Papua New Guinea by Japanese soldiers
• Stanley James Woodbridge (1945) – British Royal Air Force crewman captured and beheaded by Japanese forces in Rangoon, Burma

Modern Japan

• Kenji Goto (2015) – journalist beheaded in Syria by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant militants after the breakdown of negotiations for his release

Byzantine era

• Saint Blaise (316)
• Phocas (610) – Emperor overthrown and beheaded by Heraclius
• Leontios (706)
• Tiberius III (706)
• Justinian II (711)

Ottoman era

• Bajo Pivljanin (1685) – Serb hajduk in Venetian service, beheaded and head sent to Sultan Mehmed IV
• Abdullah bin Saud (1818) – last ruler of the First Saudi State and was beheaded by the Ottomans^[65]
• Ali Pasha of Yanina (1822) – shot and beheaded by order of Sultan Mahmud II

Republic era

• Killings of Ayşenur Halil and İkbal Uzuner (2024)

The Bible

Apocrypha

• Holofernes – in the deuterocanonical Book of Judith

New Testament

• John the Baptist (c. 30 AD) – in the Gospels by order of Herod Antipas
• Theudas (c. 46 AD) – Jewish rebel mentioned in the Book of Acts; severed head displayed in Jerusalem

Catholic saints

• Saint Acisclus – according to local tradition
• Saint Agapitus – according to legend
• Saint Agnes – according to legend mentioned by the fourth century Saint Ambrose
• Saint Alban (around 304) – executed in Roman Britain for converting to Christianity, according to tradition
• Saint Andrew Kim (1846) – beheaded in Korea for being Christian
• Saint Ansanus – according to legend
• Saint Anthimus of Rome – according to legend
• Saint Barbara – according to legend
• Saint Catherine of Alexandria – according to tradition
• Saint Christopher – according to legend
• Saint Columba of Spain – according to local tradition
• Saint Columba of France – according to legend
• Saint Columba (the Virgin) of Cornwall, England – according to legend
• Saints Cosmas and Damian (c.287) – executed in purge of Christians in Syria, according to tradition
• Saint Cyprian (258) – Bishop of Carthage, North Africa – Christian Martyr executed in the persecution ordered by Emperor Valerian
• Saint Denis – according to legend, which states that he carried his head to his final resting place, a familiar hagiographical trope (see Cephalophore)
• Saint Diomedes – according to legend
• Saint Dorothea of Alexandria – according to legend
• Saint Dymphna – according to tradition
• Saint Emmeram – according to legend
• Saint Eurosia – according to tradition
• Saint Felicitas of Rome – according to legend
• Saints Felix and Nabor – according to tradition
• Saints Firmus and Rusticus – according to tradition
• Saint George – according to legend
• Saint Gereon – according to legend
• Saint Gordianus – according to tradition
• Saint James – according to the Acts of the Apostles^[89]
• Saint Marcellus – according to tradition
• Saint Maximilian of Tebessa (295) – executed by Romans for conscientious objection to military service, according to tradition
• Saint Nicasius of Rheims, at Rheims (407) – executed by Vandals during conquest of Rheims, according to tradition
• Saint Pancras – according to legend
• Apostle Paul – traditionally^[90]
• Saint Peter of Rates – according to tradition
• Saint Polyeuctus – according to tradition
• Saint Quiteria – according to legend
• Saints Rufina and Secunda – according to legend
• Saints Simplicius and Faustinus – according to legend
• Saint Solange – according to legend
• Saint Typasius – according to legend
• Saint Urith of Chittlehampton, Devon, England – according to legend
• Saint Venantius, at Camerino – according to tradition
• Saint Winefride of Flintshire in Wales – according to legend
• Saint Demiana – according to tradition

Greek mythology

• Medusa – a Gorgon beheaded by Perseus
• Argus Panoptes – beheaded by Mercury in order to rescue Io

Sikh

• Guru Tegh Bahadur (1675) – for refusing to convert to Islam
• Baba Deep Singh (1757) – in the Battle of Amritsar
• 1000 Sikhs (1746) – executed by Zakariya Khan Bahadur in Lahore
• 3 Sikhs (2010) - executed by Pakistani Taliban

Hindu

• Karna – in the epic war of Mahabharata
• Drona – in the epic war of Mahabharata
• Rakthabeeja – by goddess Kali to eradicate the evil from the earth
• Jayadratha – in the epic war of Mahabharata