List of medical doctors

• List of ancient physicians
• List of post-classical physicians

• William Osler Abbott (1902–1943) – co-developed the Miller-Abbott tube
• William Stewart Agras (born 1929) – feeding behavior
• Virginia Apgar (1909–1974) – anesthesiologist who devised the Apgar score used after childbirth
• Jean Astruc (1684–1766) – wrote one of the first treatises on syphilis
• Averroes (1126–1198) – Andalusian polymath
• Avicenna (980–1037) – Persian physician
• Gerbrand Bakker (1771–1828) – Dutch physician, with works in Dutch and Latin on midwifery, practical surgery, animal magnetism, worms, the human eye, comparative anatomy, and the anatomy of the brain
• Frederick Banting (1891–1941) – isolated insulin
• Christiaan Barnard (1922–2001) – performed first heart transplant
• Charles Best (1899–1978) – assisted in the discovery of insulin
• Norman Bethune (1890–1939) – developer of battlefield surgical techniques
• Theodor Billroth (1829–1894) – father of modern abdominal surgery
• Elizabeth Blackwell (1821–1910) – first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States; first openly identified woman to receive a medical degree; pioneered the advancement of women in medicine
• Alfred Blalock (1899–1964) – noted for his research on the medical condition of shock and the development of the Blalock-Taussig Shunt, surgical relief of the cyanosis from Tetralogy of Fallot, known commonly as the blue baby syndrome, with his assistant Vivien Thomas and pediatric cardiologist Helen Taussig
• James Carson (1772–1843)
• Charaka (c. 100 BCE – 200 CE) – Indian physician
• Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893) – pioneering neurologist
• Guy de Chauliac (1290–1368) – one of the first physicians to have an experimental approach towards medicine; also recorded the Black Death
• Anna Manning Comfort (1845–1931) – first woman medical graduate to practice in the state of Connecticut
• Loren Cordain (born 1950) – American nutritionist and exercise physiologist, Paleolithic diet
• Harvey Cushing (1869–1939) – American neurosurgeon; father of modern-day brain surgery
• Garcia de Orta (1501–1568) – revealed herbal medicines of India, described cholera
• Gerhard Domagk (1895–1964) – pathologist and bacteriologist; credited with the discovery of sulfonamidochrysoidine (KI-730), the first commercially available antibiotic; won 1939 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• Charles R. Drew (1904–1950) – blood transfusion pioneer
• Helen Flanders Dunbar (1902–1959) – important early figure in U.S. psychosomatic medicine
• Galen (129–c. 210) – Roman physician and anatomist
• Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915) – German scientist; won the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; developed Ehrlich's reagent
• Christiaan Eijkman (1858–1930) – pathologist, studied beriberi
• Pierre Fauchard – father of dentistry
• René Gerónimo Favaloro (1923–2000) – Argentine cardiac surgeon who created the coronary bypass grafting procedure
• Alexander Fleming (1881–1955) – Scottish scientist, inventor of penicillin
• Girolamo Fracastoro (1478–1553) – wrote on syphilis, forerunner of germ theory
• Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) – founder of psychoanalysis
• Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (1923–2008) – studied Kuru, Nobel Prize winner
• George E. Goodfellow (1855–1910) – recognized as first U.S. civilian trauma surgeon, expert in gunshot wound treatment
• Henry Gray (1827–1861) – English anatomist and surgeon, creator of Gray's Anatomy
• Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919) – physician and anatomist
• William Harvey (1578–1657) – English physician, described the circulatory system
• Henry Heimlich (1920–2016) – inventor of the Heimlich maneuver and the Vietnam War-era chest drain valve
• Orvan Hess (1906–2002) – fetal heart monitor and first successful use of penicillin
• Hippocrates (c. 460–370 BCE) – Greek father of medicine
• John Hunter (1728–1793) – father of modern surgery, famous for his study of anatomy
• Kurt Julius Isselbacher (1928–2019) – Former editor of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, prominent Gastroenterologist, founder of the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Association of American Physicians Kober Medal winner
• Edward Jenner (1749–1823) – English physician popularized vaccination
• Elliott P. Joslin (1869–1962) – pioneer in the treatment of diabetes
• Carl Jung (1875–1961) – Swiss psychiatrist
• Leo Kanner (1894–1981) – Austrian-American psychiatrist known for work on autism
• Seymour Kety (1915–2000) – American neuroscientist
• Robert Koch (1843–1910) – formulated Koch's postulates
• Theodor Kocher (1841–1917) – thyroid surgery; first surgeon to win the Nobel Prize
• Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec (1781–1826) – inventor of the stethoscope
• Janet Lane-Claypon (1877–1967) – pioneer of epidemiology
• Thomas Linacre (1460–1524) – founder of Royal College of Physicians
• Joseph Lister (1827–1912) – pioneer of antiseptic surgery
• Richard Lower (1631–1691) – studied the lungs and heart, and performed the first blood transfusion
• Paul Loye (1861–1890) – studied the nervous system and decapitation
• Wilhelm Frederick von Ludwig (1790–1865) – German physician known for his 1836 publication on the condition now known as Ludwig's angina
• Amato Lusitano (1511–1568) – discovered venous valves, studied blood circulation
• Madhav (8th century A.D.) – medical text author and systematizer
• Maimonides (1135–1204)
• Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694) – Italian anatomist, pioneer in histology
• Barry Marshall (born 1951)
• Charles Horace Mayo (1865–1939) – co-founder, Mayo Clinic
• William James Mayo (1861–1939) – co-founder, Mayo Clinic
• William Worrall Mayo (1819–1911) – co-founder, Mayo Clinic
• Salvador Mazza (1886–1946) – Argentine epidemiologist who helped in controlling American trypanosomiasis
• William McBride (1927–2018) – discovered teratogenicity of thalidomide
• Otto Fritz Meyerhof (1884–1951) – studied muscle metabolism; Nobel prize
• George Richards Minot (1885–1950) – Nobel prize for his study of anemia
• B. K. Misra – first neurosurgeon in the world to perform image-guided surgery for aneurysms, first in South Asia to perform stereotactic radiosurgery, first in India to perform awake craniotomy and laparoscopic spine surgery.^[1]
• Frederic E. Mohs (1910–2002) – responsible for the method of surgery now called Mohs surgery
• Egas Moniz (1874–1955) – developed lobotomy and brain artery angiography
• Richard Morton (1637–1698) – identified tubercles in consumption (phthisis) of lungs; basis for modern name tuberculosis
• Herbert Needleman (1927–2017) – scientifically established link between lead poisoning and neurological damage; key figure in successful efforts to limit lead exposure
• Charles Jean Henri Nicolle (1866–1936) – microbiologist who won Nobel prize for work on typhus
• Ian Olver (born 1953)
• Gary Onik (born 1952) – inventor and pioneer of ultrasound guided cryosurgery for both the prostate and the liver
• William Osler (1849–1919) – "father of modern medicine"
• Ralph Paffenbarger (1922–2007) – conducted classic studies demonstrating conclusively that active people reduce their risk of heart disease and live longer
• George Papanicolaou (1883–1962) – Greek pioneer in cytopathology and early cancer detection; inventor of the Pap smear
• Paracelsus (1493–1541) – founder of toxicology
• Ambroise Paré (1510–1590) – advanced surgical wound treatment
• Wilder Penfield (1891–1976) – pioneer in neurology
• Marcus Raichle (born 1937) – father of functional neuroimaging
• Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934) – father of modern neuroscience for his development of the neuron theory
• Joseph Ransohoff (1915–2001) – neurosurgeon who invented the modern technique for removing brain tumors
• Sir William Refshauge (1913–2009) – Australian public health administrator
• Rhazes (c. 865–925) (Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi)
• Juan Rosai (1940–2020) – advanced surgical pathology; discovered the desmoplastic small round cell tumor and Rosai–Dorfman disease
• Jonas Salk (1914–1995) – developed a vaccine for polio
• Lall Sawh (born 1951) – Trinidadian surgeon/urologist and pioneer of kidney transplantation in the Caribbean
• Martin Schurig (1656–1733) – first physician to occupy himself with the anatomy of the sexual organs.^[2]
• Ignaz Semmelweis (1818–1865) – a pioneer of avoiding cross-infection – introduced hand washing and instrument cleaning
• Victor Skumin (born 1948) – first to describe a previously unknown disease, now called Skumin syndrome^[3] (a disorder of the central nervous system of some patients after receiving a prosthetic heart valve)^[4]
• John Snow (1813–1858) – anaesthetist and pioneer epidemiologist who studied cholera
• Thomas Starzl (1926–2017) – performed the first liver transplant
• Andrew Taylor Still (1828–1917) – father of osteopathic medicine
• Susruta (c. 500 BCE) – Indian physician and pioneering surgeon
• Thomas Sydenham (1642–1689) – clinician
• James Mourilyan Tanner (1920–2010) – developed Tanner stages and advanced auxology
• Helen B. Taussig (1898–1986) – founded field of pediatric cardiology, worked to prevent thalidomide marketing in the US
• Jeannette Throckmorton (1883–1963) – served as librarian of the Iowa State Medical Library for almost 34 years
• Carlo Urbani (1956–2003) – discovered and died from SARS
• Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564) – Belgian anatomist, often referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy
• Vidus Vidius (1508–1569) – first professor of medicine at the College Royal and author of medical texts
• Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902) – German pathologist, founder of fields of comparative pathology and cellular pathology
• Carl Warburg (1805–1892) – German/British physician and clinical pharmacologist, inventor of Warburg's Tincture, a famed antipyretic and antimalarial medicine of the Victorian era
• Otto Heinrich Warburg (1883–1970) – German physiologist, medical doctor; Nobel prize 1931
• Allen Oldfather Whipple (1881–1963) – devised the Whipple procedure in 1935 for treatment of pancreatic cancer
• Priscilla White (1900–1989) – developed classification of diabetes mellitus and pregnancy to assess and reduce the risk of miscarriage, birth defect, stillbirth, and maternal death
• Carl Wood (1929–2011) – developed and commercialized in-vitro fertilization
• Alfred Worcester (1855–1951) – pioneer in geriatrics, palliative care, appendectomy, cesarean section, student health, nursing education
• Ole Wormius (1588–1654) – pioneer in embryology
• Sir Magdi Yacoub (born 1935) – one of the leading developers of the techniques of heart and heart-lung transplantation
• Boris Yegorov (1937–1994) – first physician in space (1964)
• Zhang Xichun (1860–1933) – first doctor to integrate Chinese and Western medicine

Among the better known eponyms:

• Thomas Addison (1793–1860) – Addison's disease
• Alois Alzheimer (1864–1915) – Alzheimer's disease
• Hans Asperger (1906–1980) – Asperger syndrome
• John Brereton Barlow (1924–2008) – Barlow's syndrome
• Karl Adolph von Basedow (1799–1854) – Basedow disease
• Hulusi Behçet (1889–1948) – Behçet's disease
• Paul Broca (1824–1880) – Broca's area
• David Bruce (1855–1931) – Brucellosis
• Denis Parsons Burkitt (1911–1993) – Burkitt lymphoma
• Albert Calmette (1863–1933) – Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), a vaccine for tuberculosis
• Carlos Chagas (1879–1934) – Chagas disease
• Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893) – Maladie de Charcot, Charcot joints, Charcot's triad, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
• Jerome W. Conn (1907–1981) – Conn's Syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
• Burrill Bernard Crohn (1884–1983) – Crohn's disease
• Harvey Cushing (1869–1939) – Cushing's disease
• John Langdon Down (1828–1896) – Down syndrome
• Bartolomeo Eustachi (c. 1500–1510 – 1574) – Eustachian tube
• Gabriele Falloppio (1522/23 – 1562) – Fallopian tube
• Camillo Golgi (1843–1926) – Golgi apparatus
• Ernst Gräfenberg (1881–1957) – Gräfenberg spot (G-spot)
• Joseph-Ignace Guillotin (1738–1814) – guillotine
• Gerhard Armauer Hansen (1841–1912) – Hansen's disease
• Thomas Hodgkin (1798–1866) – Hodgkin's disease
• George Huntington (1850–1916) – Huntington's disease
• Moritz Kaposi (1837–1902) – Kaposi's sarcoma
• Wilhelm Frederick von Ludwig (1790–1865) – Ludwig's angina
• Charles Mantoux (1877–1947) – Mantoux test for tuberculosis
• Antoine Marfan (1858–1942) – Marfan syndrome
• Silas Weir Mitchell (1829–1914) – Mitchell's disease
• James Paget (1814–1899) – Paget's disease
• James Parkinson (1755–1824) – Parkinson's syndrome
• Juan Rosai (1940–2020) – Rosai–Dorfman disease
• Daniel Elmer Salmon (1850–1914) – Salmonella
• Liliane Schnitzler (born 1938) – Schnitzler syndrome
• Gunnar B. Stickler (1925–2010) – Stickler syndrome
• Georges Gilles de la Tourette (1857–1904) – Tourette syndrome
• Max Wilms (1867–1918) – Wilms' tumor
• Samuel Alexander Kinnier Wilson (1878–1937) – Wilson's disease

• John Bodkin Adams – British general practitioner; suspected serial killer, thought to have killed over 160 patients; acquitted of one murder in 1957 but convicted of prescription fraud, not keeping a dangerous drug register, obstructing a police search and lying on cremation forms
• Karl Brandt (1904–1948) – Nazi human experimentation
• Edme Castaing – murderer
• George Chapman – Polish poisoner and Jack the Ripper suspect
• Robert George Clements – murderer
• Nigel Cox – only British doctor to be convicted of attempted euthanasia
• Thomas Neill Cream – murderer
• Hawley Harvey Crippen – executed for his wife's murder
• Baruch Goldstein (1956–1994) – assassin
• Linda Hazzard – convicted of murdering one patient but suspected of 12 in total
• H.H. Holmes – American serial killer
• Shirō Ishii – headed Japan's Unit 731 during World War II which conducted human experimentation for weapons and medical research
• Mario Jascalevich – killed 9 hospital patients using curare
• Radovan Karadžić (born 1945) – convicted of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes in Yugoslavia
• Jack Kevorkian (1923–2011) – convicted of second-degree murder, Michigan, April 13, 1999
• Jeffrey R. MacDonald – murdered a pregnant wife and two daughters in 1979
• Josef Mengele (1911–1979) – known as the Angel of Death; Nazi human experimentation
• Samuel Mudd (1833–1883) – condemned to prison for setting the leg of Abraham Lincoln's assassin
• Herman Webster Mudgett (1860–1896) – American serial killer
• Conrad Murray – convicted of involuntary manslaughter in death of pop star Michael Jackson
• Arnfinn Nesset – Norwegian serial killer
• William Palmer – British poisoner
• Marcel Petiot – French serial killer
• Herta Oberheuser (1911–1978) – Nazi human experimentation
• Richard J. Schmidt – American physician who contaminated his girlfriend with AIDS-tainted blood
• Harold Shipman (1946–2004) – British serial killer
• Michael Swango (born 1953) – American serial killer
• An A-Z list of Wikipedia articles of Nazi doctors

Among the better known writers:

• Mary A. Brinkman (1846–1932) – American homeopathic physician and medical writer
• Mikhail Bulgakov (1891–1940) – Russian novelist and playwright
• Louis-Ferdinand Celine (1894–1961) – French novelist, author of Journey to the End of the Night
• Graham Chapman (1941–1989) – writer and actor, founding member of Monty Python
• Anton Chekhov (1860–1904) – Russian playwright
• Robin Cook – American author of bestselling novels, wrote Coma
• Michael Crichton (1942–2008) – American author of Jurassic Park
• A. J. Cronin (1896–1981) – Scottish novelist and essayist, author of The Citadel
• Anthony Daniels (born 1949) – as 'Theodore Dalrymple' and under his own name, a British author, critic and social and cultural commentator
• Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859–1930) – British author of Sherlock Holmes fame
• Khaled Hosseini (born 1965) – American author, originally from Afghanistan, of bestselling novels The Kite Runner and A Thousand Splendid Suns
• John Keats (1795–1821) – English poet
• Morio Kita – Japanese novelist and essayist; son of Mokichi Saitō
• Jean Baptiste Lefebvre de Villebrune (1732–1809) – French physician who translated several works from Latin, English, Spanish, Italian, and German into French
• Luke the Evangelist – one of the four Gospel writers of the Bible
• John S. Marr – proposed natural explanations for the ten plagues of Egypt
• W. Somerset Maugham (1874–1965) – British novelist and short story writer, wrote Of Human Bondage
• Alfred de Musset (1810–1857) – French playwright, discovered sign of syphilitic aortitis
• Taslima Nasrin
• Mori Ōgai – Japanese novelist, poet, and literary critic
• Walker Percy (1916–1990) – American philosopher and writer
• François Rabelais (1483–1553) – French author of Gargantua and Pantagruel
• Mokichi Saitō – Japanese poet
• Friedrich von Schiller (1759–1805), German writer, poet, essayist and dramatist
• William Carlos Williams (1883–1963) – American poet and essayist

And others:

• Patrick Abercromby (1656–c. 1716) – historian
• Chris Adrian
• Giorgio Antonucci (1933–2017) – Italian physician and poet, known for his questioning of the bases of psychiatry
• Jacob Appel – short story writer
• John Arbuthnot
• Janet Asimov (1926–2019) (née Janet O. Jeppson) – American psychiatrist, wife of Isaac Asimov
• Arnie Baker – cycling coach
• Cora Belle Brewster (1859–?), writer, editor
• Sir Thomas Browne (1605–1682) – British writer
• Georg Büchner – German dramatist
• Ludwig Büchner – German philosopher
• Thomas Campion – poet, composer
• Ethan Canin – novelist, short story writer
• Deepak Chopra – Indian/American writer of self-help and health books
• Alex Comfort (1920–2000) – British writer and poet, author of The Joy of Sex
• Ctesias (5th century B.C.) – Greek historian
• Steven Clark Cunningham (born 1972) – children's poem writer
• Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) – British poet, grandfather of Charles Darwin
• Georges Duhamel (1884–1966) – French writer, dramatist, poet and humanist
• Havelock Ellis (1859–1940) – British writer and poet, author of The Psychology of Sex
• Viktor Frankl (1905–1997) – Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist, author of Man's Search for Meaning
• Samuel Garth (1661–1719) – British author and translator of classics
• Elmina M. Roys Gavitt (1828–1898) – American physician; medical journal founder, editor-in-chief
• Atul Gawande – surgeon and New Yorker medical writer
• William Gilbert – British author; father of W. S. Gilbert
• Oliver Goldsmith – British author
• Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. (1809–1894) – American essayist
• Richard Hooker – author of M*A*S*H
• Arthur Johnston (1587–1641) – poet
• Eunice D. Kinney (1851–1942) – Canadian-born American physician, journal editor
• Charles Krauthammer (1950–2018) – American psychiatrist, syndicated political columnist
• R. D. Laing – Scottish writer and poet, leader of the anti-psychiatry movement
• Stanisław Lem (1929–2006) – Polish author of science-fiction (Solaris)
• Carlo Levi (1902–1975) – Italian novelist and writer
• David Livingstone (1813–1873) – Scottish medical missionary, explorer of Africa, travel writer
• Adeline Yen Mah – Chinese-American author
• Paolo Mantegazza (1831–1910) – Italian writer, author of science fiction book L'Anno 3000
• Jean-Paul Marat (1743–1793) – French writer, a leader of French Revolution; assassinated in bathtub
• Silas Weir Mitchell (1829–1914) – American writer
• Mungo Park – Scottish doctor and explorer
• Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman – Indian author and translator of classical manuscripts
• José Rizal (1861–1896) – Filipino novelist, scientist, linguist, and national hero
• João Guimarães Rosa – Brazilian writer
• Sir Ronald Ross (1857–1932) – British writer and poet, discovered the malarial parasite
• Theodore Isaac Rubin (1923–2019) – American author of David and Lisa
• Oliver Sacks (1933–2015) – British essayist (The Man Who Mistook his Wife for a Hat)
• Albert Schweitzer (1875–1965) – German charitative worker, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (1952), theologian, philosopher, organist, musicologist
• Julia Seton (1862–1950) – American physician, lecturer, New Thought writer
• Frank Slaughter (1908–2001) – American bestseller author, wrote (Doctor's Wives)
• Tobias Smollett (1721–1771) – author
• Benjamin Spock (1903–1988) – American pediatrician, wrote Baby and Child Care
• Patrick Taylor – Canadian best-selling novelist
• Osamu Tezuka – Japanese cartoonist and animator; the "father of anime"
• Lewis Thomas (1913–1993) – American essayist and poet
• Sir Henry Thompson – British surgeon and polymath
• Vladislav Vančura (1891–1942) – Czech writer, screenwriter and film director
• Drauzio Varella – Brazilian educator, scientist and medical science popularizer
• Francis Brett Young (1884–1954) – English novelist and poet
• Vinay Kumar,psychiatrist, author and Poet.

• Sali Berisha – President (1992–1997) and Prime Minister(2005–2013) of Albania
• Dipu Moni – Bangladeshi Minister of Education
• Nazira Abdula – Mozambican Minister of Health
• Ayad Allawi – interim Prime Minister of Iraq
• Salvador Allende (1908–1973) – Chilean president
• Emilio Álvarez Montalván – Foreign Minister of Nicaragua
• Arnulfo Arias – Panamanian President
• Firdous Ashiq Awan – Pakistani politician
• Bashar al-Assad – Syrian national leader
• Michelle Bachelet (born 1951) – Chilean president
• Hastings Kamuzu Banda (1898–1997) – Prime Minister, President and later dictator of Malawi
• Gro Harlem Brundtland (born 1939) – first Norwegian female prime minister; Director-General of the World Health Organization
• Margaret Chan – Director General of the WHO; former Director of Health of Hong Kong
• Chen Chi-mai – former mayor of Kaohsiung, Taiwan
• York Chow – Secretary for Health, Welfare and Food of Hong Kong
• Denzil Douglas – Prime Ministers of Saint Kitts and Nevis, 1995–2015
• François Duvalier (1907–1971) – also known as Papa Doc; President and later dictator of Haiti
• Antônio Palocci Filho – Brazilian politician, Finance Minister
• Christian Friedrich, Baron von Stockmar – Anglo-Belgian statesman
• Che Guevara – Latin American revolutionary leader
• George Habash – founder of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
• Ibrahim al-Jaafari – Prime minister of Iraq
• Radovan Karadžić (born 1945) – first president of Republika Srpska, now facing charges for genocide and crimes against humanity
• Mohammad-Reza Khatami – Iranian politician
• Ewa Kopacz – Polish Prime Minister who succeeded Donald Tusk, 2014–2015
• Juscelino Kubitscheck – Brazilian president
• Mahathir Mohamad – Malaysian prime minister
• Agostinho Neto (1922–1979) – MPLA leader and president of Angola
• Navin Ramgoolam – Prime minister of Mauritius
• Lloyd Richardson – President of the Parliament of Sint Maarten, 2014–2015
• José Rizal (1861–1896) – Filipino revolutionary and national hero
• Bidhan Chandra Roy – Indian politician
• Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925) – founder of the Republic of China
• Tabaré Vázquez – former Uruguayan President
• Ali Akbar Velayati (born 1945) – Iranian Foreign Minister, 1981–1997
• Ursula von der Leyen (born 1958) – German Federal Minister of Defence, 13th president of the European Commission
• William Walker (1824–1860) – ruler of Nicaragua
• Ram Baran Yadav (born 1948) – first elected president of the republic of Nepal
• Yeoh Eng-kiong – former Secretary for Health and Welfare of Hong Kong

• Tenley Albright – Olympic figure skating champion
• Lisa Aukland – American professional bodybuilder and powerlifter
• Sir Roger Bannister (1929–2018) – first man to break the four-minute mile; English neurologist
• Tim Brabants – sprint kayaker, Olympic gold medalist
• Paulo do Rio Branco – French-Brazilian rugby union player
• Felipe Contepomi – Argentine rugby union footballer
• Ted Eisenberg – American 2018 world champion in long distance tomahawk throwing
• Gail Hopkins – American professional baseball player
• David Gerrard – New Zealand swimmer
• Randy Gregg – ice hockey player
• Jack Lovelock (1910–1949) – Olympic athlete
• Richard Mamiya (1925–2019) – football player
• Doc Medich – American baseball player
• Stephen Rerych – American swimmer, Olympic champion, and former world record-holder
• Dot Richardson – American softball player, Olympics; orthopedic physician
• Sócrates (Sócrates Brasileiro Sampaio de Souza Vieira de Oliveira) – Brazilian soccer player, played for the national team 1979–1986

• Mahmure Birsen Sakaoğlu, Miss Turkey 1936
• Eva Andersson-Dubin, Miss Sweden 1980
• Deidre Downs, Miss America 2005
• Anna Malova, Miss Russia 1998
• Lúcia Petterle, Miss World 1971 for Brazil
• Limor Schreibman-Sharir, Miss Israel 1973

• Susan Lynch (pediatrician), First Lady of New Hampshire
• Mildred Scheel, wife of Walter Scheel

• Anderson Ruffin Abbott
• Jane Addams – social activist
• Dav and ultrasound technologies to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines^{[clarification needed]}
• Oswald Avery (1877–1955) – molecular biologist who discovered DNA carried genetic information
• Ali Bacher – cricketer
• Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi – traveller
• Roger Bannister – runner, first sub-four-minute miler
• Josiah Bartlett – American statesman and chief justice of New Hampshire
• T. Romeyn Beck (1791–1855) – American forensic medicine pioneer
• Ramon Betances – surgeon, PR nationalist
• Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867–1939) – nutritionist
• Oscar Biscet – human rights advocate
• Herman Boerhaave – humanist
• Alexander Borodin – composer, chemist
• Thomas Bowdler – censor
• Maria Pilar Bruguera Sábat – nun
• Lafayette Bunnell – explorer of Yosemite Valley
• John Caius (1510–1573) – physician and educator
• Roberto Canessa – survivor of Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571, which crashed in the Andes Mountains in 1972
• Gerolamo Cardano – mathematician
• Alexis Carrell – transplant surgeon, eugenicist, Vichy sympathizer
• Ben Carson – African-American neurosurgeon, politician, former cabinet member
• Anton Chekhov – writer
• Laurel B. Clark (1961–2003) – American astronaut, killed in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
• Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) – mathematician and astronomer
• Merv Cross (1941–2023) – rugby league player
• Ivan Edwards – USAF flight surgeon, minister, activist, humanitarian
• Mary Lee Edward (1885–1980) – pioneer and surgeon and a hero during World War I on the front lines in France.
• Ted Eisenberg – Guinness World Record holder for most breast augmentation surgeries performed.
• Steven Eisenberg – known as "The Singing Cancer Doctor."
• Sextus Empiricus (2nd–3rd century C.E.) – philosopher
• Ken Evoy
• Roberto Horcades Figueira – former chairman of the Fluminense Football Club
• Giovanni Fontana – Venetian physician, engineer, and encyclopedist
• Luigi Galvani – physicist
• Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655) – philosopher
• William Gilbert (1544–1603) – physicist
• Carl Goresky – physician and scientist
• W. G. Grace – cricketer
• John Franklin Gray (1804–1881) – American educator, first practitioner of homeopathy in the US
• Nehemiah Grew – botanist
• Samuel Hahnemann – founder of homeopathy
• Blanche Moore Haines (1865–1944) – suffragist
• Armand Hammer – entrepreneur
• Daniel Harris
• Lydia Cromwell Hearne – American civic leader
• Karin M. Hehenberger – diabetes expert
• Hermann von Helmholtz – physicist
• Jan Baptist van Helmont (1577–1655) – physiologist
• Harry Hill – British comedian
• Courtney Howard – Yellowknife-based ER physician and one-time leadership candidate, Green Party of Canada
• Samuel Gridley Howe – abolitionist
• Ebenezer Kingsbury Hunt (1810–1889) – President of the Connecticut State Medical Society; director of the Retreat for the Insane
• Varsha Jain – UK Space doctor/researcher for women's health
• Mae Jemison (born 1956) – astronaut
• David Johnson – American swimmer
• Stuart Kauffman (born 1939) – biologist
• John Keats – poet and author
• John Harvey Kellogg – cereal manufacturer
• Charles Krauthammer (1950–2018) – columnist and political commentator
• Marianne Lindsten-Thomasson (1909–1979) – Sweden's first female district medical officer during the 1940s
• Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909) – based his system of criminology on physiognomy
• John McAndrew (1927–2013) – All-Ireland Gaelic footballer
• June McCarroll – inventor of lane markings
• Pat McGeer – Canadian basketball player
• Julia Lore McGrew – medical missionary
• James McHenry (1753–1816) – signer of the United States Constitution
• Archibald Menzies – naturalist
• Franz Mesmer (1734–1815) – proponent of mesmerism and the idea of animal magnetism
• Jonathan Miller (1934–2019) – television presenter and stage director
• Paul Möhring (1710–1792) – zoologist, botanist
• Maria Montessori – educator
• Boris V. Morukov – cosmonaut
• Lee "Final Table" Nelson – professional poker player
• Haing S. Ngor – Oscar-winning film actor
• Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers (1758–1840) – astronomer
• Dinesh Palipana – physician with disability and advocate
• Roza Papo – army general
• James Parkinson – physician, geologist, political activist
• Claude Perrault – architect
• Christian Hendrik Persoon – South African botanist
• Pope John XXI – pope
• Scott Powell – co-founder of the nostalgia group Sha Na Na
• Weston A. Price – traveler, educator
• Nabeel Qureshi – Christian apologist and author
• Syed Ziaur Rahman – physician and medical scientist
• John Ray – plant taxonomer
• Prathap C. Reddy
• Bradbury Robinson – threw the first legal forward pass in American football history while a medical student at St. Louis University
• Peter Mark Roget – English lexicographer
• Jacques Rogge – sports official
• Mowaffak al-Rubaie – human rights advocate, member of the Interim Iraqi Governing Council
• Benjamin Rush – signer of the United States Constitution
• Daniel Rutherford (1749–1819) – chemist
• Bendapudi Venkata Satyanarayana
• Félix Savart – physicist
• Guido Schäffer (1974–2009) – Brazilian venerable
• Albert Schweitzer – humanist
• Michael Servetus (1511–1553) – burnt at the stake by Calvinists for heresy
• Paul Sinha – British comedian
• Rob Sitch – Australian comedian
• Sócrates (1954–2011, Sócrates Brasileiro Sampaio de Souza Vieira de Oliveira) – Brazilian football (soccer) player
• James Hudson Taylor (1832–1905) – British missionary to China and founder of the China Inland Mission
• Norman Earl Thagard – astronaut
• Debi Thomas (born 1967) – Olympic figure skater
• William E. Thornton – astronaut
• John Tidwell – American basketball player
• Nasiruddin al-Tusi – astronomer
• Laura Veale – first qualified woman doctor practising in Harrogate and North Riding of Yorkshire
• Andrew Wakefield – conducted studies on disputed link between vaccines and neurodevelopmental disorders, which had many serious consequences
• William Walker – Latin American adventurer
• Moshe Wallach (1866–1957) – founder and director of Shaare Zedek Hospital, Jerusalem, for 45 years
• John Clarence Webster – Canadian historian
• Wilhelm Weinberg – with G. H. Hardy, developed the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium model of population genetics
• J. P. R. Williams – rugby union player
• Hugh Williamson – American patriot, statesman, Surgeon General of SC
• Thomas Young – scientist

• List of fictional doctors
• List of psychiatrists
• List of neurologists and neurosurgeons
• List of people in healthcare
• List of presidents of the Royal College of Physicians
• List of Iraqi medical doctors
• List of Russian physicians and psychologists
• List of Slovenian medical doctors
• List of Turkish medical doctors
• List of Uruguayan medical doctors