List of political parties in Scotland

The Scottish National Party (SNP) is the main political party in Scotland which primarily supports Scotland becoming an independent nation. They have also supported further devolution as a progression towards independence. They are overall centre-left, and sometimes considered big-tent, advocating social democracy, nuclear disarmament and closer ties to the European Union. They were founded in 1934 and formed a permanent grouping in House of Commons in 1967. Their best election result in the 20th century was at the general election of October 1974 in which they won 11 of Scotland's 72 Westminster seats as well as around 30% of the popular vote, however they lost all but two of these seats in 1979. Support for the party was bolstered under the leadership of Alex Salmond, who in 2011 led the SNP to their best electoral performance to date, in which they became the first party in the devolved Scottish Parliament to win a majority of seats. They form the Scottish government, and are now led by Scotland's First Minister, John Swinney. They have 60 Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs) and 9 Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (MPs).

The Scottish Conservatives are the Scottish wing of the UK-wide Conservative Party. They were founded in 1965 out of the merger of the Scottish Unionist Party, which had been a dominant political force in Scotland for much of the early 20th century, winning the majority of votes and seats in the 1931 general election and 1955 general election. However the party went into decline, being reduced from 21 Scottish seats in 1983, to 10 in 1987. The 1997 general election was a catastrophe for the Scottish Conservatives, who were left with no Scottish seats whatsoever. However the party won 18 seats in the Scottish Parliament in the 1999 election due to proportional representation. From 2001 to 2017, the Conservatives held one Scottish seat in the UK parliament, but had its best result in the 21st century in the 2017 general election when it returned 13 seats and just short of a third of the vote. Like the wider UK Conservative Party, the party is a centre-right party, which promotes conservatism and British unionism. They currently have 28 MSPs, led in the Scottish Parliament by Russell Findlay, and 5 MPs.

Scottish Labour is the Scottish wing of the Great Britain-wide Labour Party. It was the most successful party in Scottish elections from 1964 to 2007. Like the wider UK Labour Party, they are centre-left, and they promote British unionism.^{[citation needed]} They first overtook the Conservatives as Scotland's largest party at the 1959 general election. In 1997, the UK Labour Party under Tony Blair offered Scotland a referendum on devolution, which was passed with around 74% of the electorate in favour. From 1999 to 2007, they were in power in the Scottish Parliament through a coalition with the Liberal Democrats. From 2008 to 2011, the party was led by Iain Gray in the Scottish Parliament, who announced his resignation after the party's defeat at the 2011 Scottish election. Johann Lamont became leader in 2011 and resigned in 2014 after an internal dispute within the party. Subsequently, they were led by Jim Murphy, Kezia Dugdale and Richard Leonard. They currently have 37 MPs and 22 MSPs. As of 2021^[update] they are led by Anas Sarwar MSP.

The Scottish Liberal Democrats is the Scottish State Party with the federal structure of the Great Britain-wide Liberal Democrats party. It is a social liberal party and supports a federal structure for the United Kingdom. The Liberal Democrats were formed in 1988 when the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party merged. The leader of the Scottish Liberal Democrats is Alex Cole-Hamilton. The formation of the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition at Westminster in 2010 caused support for the Liberal Democrats to fall sharply. The 2024 Westminster general election saw recovery in Scotland to the background of a UK wide recovery for the party and a sharp fall in SNP support. The Scottish Liberal Democrats gained two Westminster seats from the SNP in 2024. On the dissolution of the Scottish Parliament for the 2026 election, the Scottish Lib Dems currently have five MSPs and six MPs.

The Scottish Greens sit between the centre-left and the left-wing. The party promotes green politics, Scottish independence, equality and radical democracy. It retains close ties with the Green Party of England and Wales and the Green Party Northern Ireland, all of which originated in the breakup of the UK Green Party. However, all three parties are now fully independent. The Scottish Greens won their first seat in the Scottish Parliament in 1999 and currently have 7 MSPs, but have never returned any MPs.

Reform UK Scotland is the Scottish wing of the UK-wide Reform UK. It is a Eurosceptic and right-wing populist party. The party gained its first elected representative in January 2021, when sitting independent MSP Michelle Ballantyne joined and became the party's leader in Scotland. Ballantyne was previously a Conservative MSP. She resigned from the party in November 2020, citing differences with the new leader, Douglas Ross before joining.^[4][5] Ballantyne lost this seat in the 2021 Scottish Parliament election, leaving the party with no elected representatives in Scotland until 2025 when Graham Simpson defected from the Scottish Conservatives.^[6] As of January 2026, the group is led by Malcolm Offord.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Political parties in Scotland.

• Student wings of political parties in Scotland
• Politics of Scotland
• Elections in Scotland