List of sovereign states in 1500

Sovereign states

A

Abazinia – Abazinia
Aceh – Aceh Sultanate
Capital: Kutaraja
Adal – Adal Sultanate
Capital: Dakkar
Ahmadnagar – Ahmadnagar Sultanate
Capital: Ahmadnagar
Ahom – Ahom Kingdom
Airgíalla
Ailech
Aïr – Terene Sultanate of Aïr (to 1500)
Capital: Agadez
Ajuran – Ajuran Sultanate
Capital: Mareeg
Ağ Qoyunlu – Ağ Qoyunlu Confederation
Capital: Tabriz
Alodia – Alodia
Capital: Soba
Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Capital: Andorra la Vella
Astrakhan – Khanate of Astrakhan
Capital: Xacitarxan
Ava – Kingdom of Ava
Capital: Ava
Avar – Avar Khanate
Capital: Khunzah
Ayutthaya – Ayutthaya Kingdom
Capital: Ayutthaya (city)
Aztec – Aztec Empire
Capital: Tenochtitlan
- Tenochtitlan
- Texcoco
- Tlacopan

B

Bamum – Kingdom of Bamum
Capital: Fumban
Banu Sulaym
Bahmani – Bahmani Kingdom (undergoing breakup)
Capital: Bidar
Bastar – Bastar State
Capital: Jagdalpur
Benin – Benin Empire
Capital: Edo
Bengal – Sultanate of Bengal
Capital: Gaur
Berar – Berar Sultanate
Capital: Ellichpur
Bidar – Bidar Sultanate
Capital: Bidar
Bijapur – Adil Shahi dynasty of the Bijapur Sultanate
Capital: Bijapur
Bikaner
Capital: Bikaner
Bonoman
Capital: Begho
Borgu – Kingdom of Borgu
Capital: New Bussa
Bornu – Bornu Empire
Capital: Ngazargamu
Brunei – Bruneian Sultanate
Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan
Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda
Capital: Mengo
Bundi – Bundi State
Butua – Kingdom of Butua
Capital: Khami
Butuan – Rajahnate of Butuan
Capital: Butuan
Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara

C

Caboloan
Capital: Binalatongan
Cambodia
Capital: Chaktomuk
Chamba – Chamba State
Capital: Chamba
Champa – Chăm Pa
Capital: Panduranga
China – Empire of the Great Ming
Capital: Nanjing
Capital: Jingshi
Chutiya – Chutiya Kingdom
Capital: Sadiya
Circassia
Capital: Sochi
Clandeboye
Cospaia - Republic of Cospaia
Capital: Cospaia
Cutch – Cutch State
Capital: Lakhiarviro

D

Damot – Kingdom of Damot
Đại Việt
Capital: Dong Kinh
Dawro – Kingdom of Dawro
Delhi – Delhi Sultanate
Capital: Delhi
Demak – Sultanate of Demak
Capital: Bintara
Denkyira
Capital: Dunkwa-on-Offin
Desmond – Kingdom of Desmond
Capital: Cahersiveen
Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
Capital: Copenhagen
Dizak – Principality of Dizak
Dulkadirids – Beylik of Dulkadir
Capital: Maraş

E

England – Kingdom of England
Capital: London
Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire

F

Fermanagh
Capital: Lisnaskea
France – Kingdom of France
Capital: Paris

G

Gajapati – Gajapati dynasty, Odisha
Capital: Cuttack
Garhwal – Kingdom of Garhwal
Capital: Devalgarh
Genoa – Republic of Genoa
Capital: Genoa
Gowa – Sultanate of Gowa
Capital: Sungguminasa
Great Fulo – Empire of Great Fulo
Capital: Anyam-Godo
Golden Horde – Golden Horde
Capital: Sarai Batu
Gujarat – Gujarat Sultanate
Capital: Muhammadabad

H

Hanthawaddy – Hanthawaddy Kingdom
Capital: Hanthawaddy
Hausa Kingdoms
Hawwara
Holy Roman Empire (high decentralized limited elective monarchy)
Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary
Capital: Buda

I

Igala – Kingdom of Igala
Capital: Idah
Imereti – Kingdom of Imereti
Capital: Kutaisi
Inca – Inca Empire
Capital: Cusco
Iroquois – Iroquois Confederacy
Capital: Onondaga

J

Jaffna – Kingdom of Jaffna
Capital: Nallur
Jailolo – Sultanate of Jailolo
Capital: Jailolo
Jaintia – Kingdom of Jaintia
Capital: Jaintia Rajbari
Jaisalmer – Kingdom of Jaisalmer
Capital: Jaisalmer
Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
Capital: Fofa
Japan – Ashikaga Shogunate
Capital: Kyoto
Jolof – Jolof Empire
Capital: Linguère
Joseon – Kingdom of Great Joseon
Capital: Hanseong
Jumla – Kingdom of Jumla

K

Kabardia – Princedom of Kabardia
Capital: Nalchik
Kachari – Kingdom of Kachari
Capital: Maibang
Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
Capital: Anderaccha
Kakheti – Kingdom of Kakheti
Capital: Gremi
Kakongo – Kingdom of Kakongo
Capital: Kinguele
Kalahandi – Kalahandi State
Capital: Bhawanipatna
Kamata – Kingdom of Kamata
Kandy – Kingdom of Kandy
Capital: Kandy
Kangleipak – Kangleipak State
Kangra – Kingdom of Kangra
Kanker – Kanker State
Capital: Kanker
Kartli – Kingdom of Kartli
Capital: Tbilisi
Kashmir – Shah Mir Dynasty of Kashmir
Kazakh – Kazakh Khanate
Capital: Turkistan
Kazan – Khanate of Kazan
Capital: Kazan
Khachen – Principality of Khachen
Capital: Haterk
Kilwa – Kilwa Sultanate
Knights Hospitaller – Order of Saint John
Capital: Rhodes
Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
Capital: M'banza-Kongo
Kotte – Kingdom of Kotte
Capital: Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
Kumaon – Kingdom of Kumaon
Capital: Champawat
Kutai – Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate
Capital: Pemarangan
Kwararafa – Kwararafa Confederacy
Capital: Wukari

L

Ladakh – Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh
Lan Na – Lanna Kingdom
Capital: Chiang Mai
Lan Xang
Capital: Luang Prabang
Lithuania – Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Capital: Vilnius
Luwu – Kingdom of Luwu
Capital: Wara

M

Madja-as – Confederation of Madja-as
Capital: Irong-Irong
Magh Luirg
Majapahit – Majapahit Empire
Capital: Majapahit
Malacca – Malay Sultanate of Malacca
Capital: Malacca
Maldives – Sultanate of the Maldives
Capital: Malé
Mali – Mali Empire
Capital: Niani
Malla – Malla Confederacy (divided into three kingdoms since 1482)
Malwa – Malwa Sultanate
Capital: Mandu
Mamluk – Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo
Capital: Cairo
Mandara – Kingdom of Mandara
Mankessim – Kingdom of Mankessim
Capital: Mankessim
Maravi – Kingdom of Maravi
Capital: Manthimba
Marwar – Kingdom of Marwar
Capital: Jodhpur
Mayas – Maya civilization
Maynila – Kingdom of Maynila
Medri Bahri – Land of the Sea
Capital: Debarwa
Mewar – Mewar Kingdom
Capital: Chittor
Mewat – Mewat State
Capital: Alwar
Moghulistan
Capital: Almaliq
Morocco – Wattasid dynasty of Morocco
Capital: Fes
Mossi Kingdoms
Mrauk U – Kingdom of Mrauk U
Capital: Mrauk U
Muisca Confederation
Muscovy – Grand Duchy of Muscovy
Capital: Moscow
Mustang – Kingdom of Mustang
Capital: Lo Manthang
Mutapa – Kingdom of Mutapa
Capital: Zvongombe

N

Namayan - Kingdom of Namayan
Capital: Sapa
Naples – Kingdom of Naples
Capital: Naples
Navarre – Kingdom of Navarre
Capital: Pamplona
Nogai – Nogai Horde
Capital: Saray-Jük
Noli – Republic of Noli
Capital: Noli
Nri – Kingdom of Nri
Capital: Igbo-Ukwu
Nupe – Kingdom of Nupe
Capital: Bida

O

Oirat – Four Oirat
Oman – Imamate of Oman
Capital: Nizwa
Osraige
Capital: Kilkenny
Ottoman Empire
Capital: Constantinople
Oyo – Oyo Empire
Capital: Oyo-Ile

P

Pagaruyung – Kingdom of Pagaruyung
Capital: Pagaruyung
Papal States - State of the Church
Capital: Rome
Patna – Patna State
Capital: Balangir
Poland – Kingdom of Poland
Capital: Kraków
Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
Capital: Lisbon
Prome – Kingdom of Prome
Capital: Pyay
Pskov – Republic of Pskov
Capital: Pskov

R

Ragusa – Republic of Ragusa
Capital: Ragusa
Ramazanids – Emirate of Ramadan
Capital: Adana
Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui
Capital: Te Peu
Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda
Capital: Nyanza
Ryazan – Principality of Ryazan
Capital: Ryazan
Ryukyu – Ryukyu Kingdom
Capital: Shuri

S

Saloum – Kingdom of Saloum
Capital: Kahone
Samtskhe – Samtskhe Atabegate
Capital: Akhaltsikhe
Samudera Pasai – Samudera Pasai Sultanate
Capital: Pasai
San Marino – Republic of San Marino
Capital: City of San Marino
Saudeleur – Saudeleur dynasty
Capital: Nan Madol
Scotland – Kingdom of Scotland
Capital: Edinburgh
Senarica – Senarica Republic
Capital: Senarica
Shan States (minor kingdoms of Burma)
Shewa – Sultanate of Shewa
Capital: Tegulat
Shaybanid Uzbek State (Khanate of Bukhara)
Capital: Samarkand
Shilluk – Shilluk Kingdom
Sibir – Khanate of Sibir
Capital: Qashliq
Sindh – Samma dynasty of Sindh
Capital: Thatta
Songhai – Songhai Empire
Capital: Gao
Suket – Suket State
Capital: Sundar Nagar
Sunda – Kingdom of Sunda
Capital: Pakuan Pajajaran
Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
Capital: Stockholm

T

Tarascan state
Capital: Tzintzuntzan (Mesoamerican site)
Ternate – Sultanate of Ternate
Capital: Ternate
Teutonic Knights – State of the Teutonic Order
Capital: Königsberg
Thomond – Kingdom of Thomond
Tibet, Phagmodrupa – Phagmodrupa dynasty of Tibet
Capital: Nêdong
Tibet, Rinpungpa – Rinpungpa dynasty of Tibet
Capital: Shigatse
Tidore – Sultanate of Tidore
Capital: Tidore
Timurid Empire
Capital: Herat
Tlaxcala – Confederacy of Tlaxcala
Capital: Tlaxcala
Tlemcen – Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen
Capital: Tlemcen
Tondo – Tundun
Capital: Tondo
Tonga – Tuʻi Tonga Empire
Capital: Muʻa (Tongatapu)
Tunjurs – Tunjur Kingdom
Capital: Uri
Tunis – Sultanate of Tunis
Capital: Tunis
Tyrconnell
Capital: Kilmacrennan
Capital: Donegal Castle
Tyrone
Twipra – Kingdom of Twipra
Capital: Khorongma

U

Uí Maine
Usfurids – Usfurid dynasty

V

Venice – Most Serene Republic of Venice
Capital: Venice
Vijayanagara – Vijayanagara Empire
Capital: Vijayanagara

W

Warsangali – Warsangali Sultanate
Capital: Las Khorey
Wehali – Sultanate of Wehali
Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta

Y

Yemen – Tahirid dynasty of Yemen
Capital: Zabid
Yuan – Northern Yuan

Z

Zapotec – Zapotec Empire
Capital: Mitla

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a highly decentralized collection of polities.^[1] A comprehensive list of all of its anachronistic components has been made at List of states in the Holy Roman Empire, and would be much too large to fit here.