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List of wars involving Angola

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The following is a list of wars involving Angola.

List

More information Conflict, Combatant 1 ...
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
Battle of Kombi (29 October 1647) (Part of the Dutch–Portuguese War)

Dutch Republic
Kingdom of Ndongo

Kingdom of Portugal

Ndongo-Matamba/Dutch allied victory

Battle of Mbwila (29 October 1665[1]) (part of the Portuguese colonisation of Africa)

Kongo

Portugal

Portuguese victory

Battle of Mbidizi River (June 1670) (Part of the Kongo Civil War) Soyo and Ngoyo Portuguese Empire Portuguese victory
Battle of Kitombo (18 October 1670) (Part of the Kongo Civil War) Kongo states of Soyo and Ngoyo Portuguese Empire Soyo Victory
Battle of São Salvador (15 February 1709) (part of the Kongo Civil War)

Orthodox Catholics of Kingdom of Kongo

Antonian Catholics of Kingdom of Kongo

Orthodox victory

Battle of Quifangondo (10 November 1975) (part of the Angolan Civil War)

FNLA (ELNA)
Zaire
South Africa

MPLA (FAPLA)
Cuba

FAPLA victory

Angolan War of Independence
(1961–1974)
(part of the Portuguese Colonial War, the Decolonization of Africa and the Cold War)
Material support:
Material support:
FLEC
RDL
Angolan victory[27][28]
Angolan Civil War
(1975–2002)
(part of the aftermath of the Angolan War of Independence, and the Cold War (until 1991)		 Angola People's Republic of Angola/Republic of Angola

Cuba (1975–1989)
SWAPO (1975–1989)[30]
ANC (1975–1989)[31][30]
Executive Outcomes (1993–1995)[32]
FLNC (1975–2001)[33][34]
Namibia (2001–2002)[note 1]

Military advisers and pilots:
 Democratic People's Republic of Angola

FNLA (1976–1978)[34]
South Africa (1975–1989)[40]
Zaire (1975)[43][34]

FLEC

 MPLA victory
  • Withdrawal of all foreign forces in 1989.
  • Transition towards a multiparty political system in 1991/92.
  • Dissolution of the armed forces of the FNLA.
  • Participation of UNITA and FNLA, as political parties, in the new political system, from 1991/92 onwards.
  • Jonas Savimbi, leader of UNITA, killed in 2002; UNITA abandoned armed struggle and participated in electoral politics.
  • Resistance of FLEC continued to this day
Cabinda War
(1975–)
(part of the Angolan Civil War (until 2002)		 Angola

Cuba (until 1991)

Democratic People's Republic of Angola (1991)

  • UNITA (joint operations, 1991)
Military advisers and pilots:
 FLEC

Zaire (1975)[citation needed]

 Ongoing
  • Ceasefire declared by FLEC-Renovada in August 2006
  • Ongoing guerrilla warfare by FLEC-FAC
  • Unilateral ceasefire declared by Cabindan militias
    on 30 March 2020 to address the COVID-19 pandemic
Battle of Cassinga (4 May 1978) (part of the South African Border War)

South Africa

SWAPO
Cuba

South African victory

Battle of Cuito Cuanavale (14 August 1987[46] – 23 March 1988[47])
(part of the Angolan Civil War and the South African Border War)

National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA)

South Africa South Africa

Angola People's Republic of Angola

Cuba Cuba

South West African People's Organisation

African National Congress

Military advisors:

Inconclusive

  • South Africa and UNITA defeat a major FAPLA offensive towards Mavinga, inflicting heavy casualties on FAPLA and preserving UNITA's control of southern Angola.
  • Remaining FAPLA units repel several South African and UNITA attacks near the Tumpo River.
  • Withdrawal over several months of most South African and UNITA troops from Cuito Cuanavale under Operation Displace[48]
  • Round One of Tripartite Accord talks commences[47]
First Congo War
(1996–1997)
(part of the Congolese Civil Wars, aftermath of the Rwandan genocide, spillovers of the Burundian Civil War, the Second Sudanese Civil War and the Angolan Civil War)		 Democratic Republic of the Congo AFDL
Rwanda
Uganda[49]
Burundi[50]
Angola[50]
South Sudan SPLA[51]
Eritrea[52]
Supported by:
South Africa[53]
Zambia[54]
Zimbabwe[53]
Ethiopia[55]
Tanzania
United States (covertly)[56]

Mai-Mai[a]

 Zaire

Sudan[51]
Chad[57]
Rwanda Ex-FAR/ALiR
Interahamwe
CNDD-FDD[58]
UNITA[59]
ADF[60]
FLNC[61]
Supported by:
France
Central African Republic
China[62]
Israel[62]
Kuwait (denied)[62]

Mai-Mai[a]

 AFDL victory
Congo-Brazzaville Civil War
(1997–1999)
(part of the aftermaths of the First Congo War and Rwandan genocide)		 Republic of the Congo Armed Forces of the Republic of the Congo (from October 1997)
Cobra Militia
Rwanda Rwandan Hutu Militia
Angola[66]
Chad[66]		 Republic of the Congo Armed Forces of the Republic of the Congo (to October 1997)
Cocoye Militia
Ninja Militia
Nsiloulou
Supported by:
Jonas Savimbi
FLEC[67]
Supported by:
Democratic Republic of the Congo		 Nguesso loyalist victory
Second Congo War
(1998–2003)
(part of the Congolese Civil Wars and the aftermath of the First Congo War and the Angolan Civil War)
Military stalemate
Kivu Conflict
(2004-)
(part of the aftermath of the Second Congo War, War against the Islamic State)		 Pro-government:
Supported by:
 Rwandan-aligned militias:
Ugandan-aligned militias:
Foreign state actors:
Anti-Ugandan forces:
Anti-Rwandan militias:
Anti-Burundi militias:
Mai-Mai militias:
 Ongoing
  • FARDC victory against the CNDP in 2009 and the M23 movement in 2012
  • CNDP becomes a political party in the DRC
  • M23 movement signs peace agreement with the DRC government; renews fighting in 2022
  • Conflict breaks out between Rwanda and the Congo in 2022
  • FDLR, Mai-Mai militias and other armed groups still active in Eastern DRC
  • UN and FARDC begin operation to defeat the FDLR and their allies at the start of 2015
Central African Republic Civil War
(2013–)
Formerly:
South Africa (2013)
MISCA (2013–2014)
MICOPAX (2008–2013)
France (2013–2021)[77]
EUFOR RCA
(2014–2015)
PRNC
CMSPR (since 2024)[78]
Support:
Defunct groups:
Séléka (2012–2014)
RJ (2013–2018)
MNLC (2017–2019)
MLCJ (2008–2022)
RPRC (2014–2022)		 Ongoing
  • Séléka rebel coalition takes power from François Bozizé.[81]
  • Michel Djotodia, the leader of Séléka, becomes president
  • President Michel Djotodia abolishes Séléka
  • Low-level fighting between Ex-Séléka factions and Anti-balaka militias.[82]
  • President Michel Djotodia resigns amid heavy international pressure. Interim government is formed
  • Elections conducted in 2016 with Faustin-Archange Touadéra becoming the president
  • De facto split between ex-Séléka factions controlled north and east and Anti-balaka controlled south and west with a Séléka faction declaring the Republic of Logone.[83]
  • Fighting between Ex-Séléka factions FPRC and UPC.
  • Ex-president Bozizé merges all rebel groups and forms the Coalition of Patriots for Change.
  • Elections in 2021 with Touadéra being re-elected as president.
  • As of July 2021 the government controls more territory than at any point since the war began.[84]
Close

Notes

  1. [a]
    Many Mai-Mai militias in eastern Zaire initially allied themselves with Rwanda and the AFDL against Hutu militants and refugees.[63] As soon as most Hutu were driven away, however, many Mai-Mai groups turned against Rwanda and the AFDL.[64] Despite this, some anti-Hutu Mai-Mai remained allied with Rwanda and the AFDL.[65]
  1. [1]
    Irritated by UNITA cross-border raids, the Namibian Defence Force retaliated by sending units into southern Angola and destroying a UNITA training camp at Licua in late January 2001.[35] The Namibian troops were not withdrawn from Angola until May 2002.[35]
  2. [2]
    The North Korean Military Mission in Angola had about 1,500 personnel attached to FAPLA in 1986, most likely advisers, although their exact duties are uncertain.[40] Their presence in Angola may have been indirectly subsidised by the Soviet Union.[41] Up to 3,000 North Korean military personnel served in Angola throughout the 1980s.[42]

References

Sources

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