Liudmyla Starytska-Cherniakhivska
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Людмила Михайлівна Старицька
17 August [O.S. 29 August] 1868
Liudmyla Starytska-Cherniakhivska | |
|---|---|
Людмила Старицька-Черняхівська | |
 Starytska-Cherniakhivska in the 19th century | |
| Born | Liudmyla Mykhailivna Starytska Людмила Михайлівна Старицька 17 August [O.S. 29 August] 1868 |
| Died | 1941 (aged 71–72) |
| Occupations | |
| Spouse | Oleksandr Chernyakhivsky |
| Children | Veronika Chernyakhivska |
| Parents |
|
| Relatives | Mariia Starytska (sister) Oksana Steshenko (sister) Yaroslav Steshenko (nephew) Ivan Steshenko (brother-in-law) Mykola Lysenko (uncle) |
Liudmyla Starytska-Cherniakhivska (née Starytska; Ukrainian: Людмила Михайлівна Старицька-Черняхівська, 17 August [O.S. 29 August] 1868 – 1941) was a Ukrainian writer, translator, literary and theater critic and politician.[1][2] Accused of anti-Soviet activity, Starytska-Cherniakhivska died while being transported to a gulag camp.[3][4][5]
Liudmyla Mykhailivna Starytska (Ukrainian: Людмила Михайлівна Старицька) was born on 17 August [O.S. 29 August] 1868 in Kyiv, Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine) to a Ukrainian intelligentsia family. Starytska-Cherniakhivska's father, Mykhailo Starytsky, was a writer, poet and playwright, and her mother Sofiia Starytska, was an activist, entrepreneur and actress.[2] Starytska-Cherniakhivska was the younger sister of the actress and director Mariia Starytska, and the older sister of Oksana Steshenko (1875–1941), a writer, translator, and educator, through whom she later became the sister-in-law of Ivan Steshenko.
Starytska-Cherniakhivska's paternal uncle was the composer, pianist, conductor and ethnomusicologist Mykola Lysenko.[2] Starytska-Cherniakhivska grew up in an atmosphere of appreciation of the arts and national values.[6]
Starytska-Cherniakhivska was educated at the First Private Women's Gymnasium [a] in Kyiv.[2]
In 1888, Starytska-Cherniakhivska joined the "Pleiada" literary group.[2] In 1919, Starytska-Cherniakhivska co-founded and was appointed the deputy president of the National Council of Ukrainian Women.[7]
During 1923 to 1924 Starytska-Cherniakhivska was a member of the Aspys literary society.[8][9][10]
Arrests
In autumn 1929, Starytska-Cherniakhivska's daughter Veronika Chernyakhivska was arrested as part of the Union for the Freedom of Ukraine trial.[11] Chernyakhivska was later released in January 1930 due to lack of evidence.[11] Starytska-Cherniakhivska and Oleksandr Chernyakhivsky were then arrested and later convicted as part of the same show trail.[2] Starytska-Cherniakhivska served a suspended sentence in Stalino (present-day Donetsk).[2]
In August 1989, Starytska-Cherniakhivska was posthumously rehabilitated by the Supreme Court of the Ukrainian SSR.
NKVD arrest and death
On 20 July 1941, Starytska-Cherniakhivska and her sister Oksana Steshenko were arrested by the NKVD.[3][4][5] Starytska-Cherniakhivska and Steshenko were taken to Kharkiv where they were charged with carrying out anti-Soviet activity under Article 54 of the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR.[3][4][5] Both sisters were then transported via Stolypin wagon to the Kazakh SSR.[3][4][5] Starytska-Cherniakhivska died during the journey, and her dead body was thrown from the train at an unknown location.[1][5]
Personal life
Starytska-Cherniakhivska was married to Oleksandr Chernyakhivsky (1869–1939), a physician.[11]
Chernyakhivsky and Starytska-Cherniakhivska had one daughter, the poet and translator Veronika Chernyakhivska.[11] In 1938, as part of the Great Purge, Chernyakhivska was arrested and subsequently executed on 22 September 1938 in Kyiv.[11]
