Manidae

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Manidae
Temporal range: 41.37–0 Ma middle Eocene - present[1]
Living species of pangolins
CITES Appendix I[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Clade: Pholidotamorpha
Order: Pholidota
Suborder: Eupholidota
Superfamily: Manoidea
Family: Manidae
Gray, 1821[3]
Type genus
Manis
Genera
Species ranges:
Synonyms
list of synonyms:
  • Manida (Kalandadze & Rautian, 1992)
  • Manididae (Gray, 1865)
  • Manina (Gray, 1825)[4]
  • Manisia (Rafinesque, 1815)
  • Perilepia (Rafinesque, 1815)

Manidae ("spirits") is the only extant family of pangolins.[5] This family comprises three genera (Manis from subfamily Maninae, Phataginus from subfamily Phatagininae, and Smutsia from subfamily Smutsiinae),[6][7] as well as the extinct Fayum pangolin.[8]

History of classification

All species of living pangolin had been assigned to the genus Manis until the late 2000s, when research prompted the splitting of extant pangolins into three genera: Manis, Phataginus, and Smutsia.[5][9]

Taxonomy

Former classification (McKenna & Bell, 1997):[10]Current classification:

Phylogeny

Phylogenetic position of family Manidae within order Pholidota based on Kondrashov & Agadjanian (2012.) study:[9]

Phylogeny within family Manidae based on Wangmo (2025.) study:[11]

See also

References

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