Mankayan
Municipality in Benguet, Philippines
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mankayan, officially the Municipality of Mankayan (Ilocano: Ili ti Mankayan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Mankayan), is a municipality in the province of Benguet, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 38,647 people.[5]
Mankayan | |
|---|---|
| Municipality of Mankayan | |
Lepanto Mines Airstrip | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Motto: North to the Future of Benguet | |
 Map of Benguet with Mankayan highlighted | |
 Interactive map of Mankayan | |
.svg)  Mankayan Location within the Philippines | |
| Coordinates: 16°51′24″N 120°47′36″E | |
| Country | Philippines |
| Region | Cordillera Administrative Region |
| Province | Benguet |
| District | Lone district |
| Founded | 1955 |
| Barangays | 12 (see Barangays) |
| Government | |
| • Type | Sangguniang Bayan |
| • Mayor | Frenzel A. Ayong |
| • Vice Mayor | Joseph Denver B. Tongacan |
| • Representative | Nestor B. Fongwan |
| • Electorate | 21,442 voters (2025) |
| Area | |
• Total | 130.48 km2 (50.38 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,338 m (4,390 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 2,214 m (7,264 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 666 m (2,185 ft) |
| Population (2024 census)[3] | |
• Total | 38,647 |
| • Density | 296.19/km2 (767.13/sq mi) |
| • Households | 9,288 |
| Economy | |
| • Income class | 1st municipal income class |
| • Poverty incidence | 10.11 |
| • Revenue | ₱ 205.7 million (2022) |
| • Assets | ₱ 484.7 million (2022) |
| • Expenditure | ₱ 157.7 million (2022) |
| • Liabilities | ₱ 55.59 million (2022) |
| Service provider | |
| • Electricity | Benguet Electric Cooperative (BENECO) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (PST) |
| ZIP code | 2608 |
| PSGC | |
| IDD : area code | +63 (0)74 |
| Native languages | Kankanaey Ibaloi Ilocano Tagalog |
The municipality is known as a mining town, being the location of several mines, including the Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company.[6][7]
Etymology
History
Pre-colonial period
Nangkayang was once a heavily forested area. The natives of the surrounding settlements of Panat and Bag-ongan mined gold through the labon system, after its reported discovery in a river. Copper was later discovered by the end of the 16th century in Kamangga-an (location of present-day Lepanto).[7]
Spanish period
By the 1800s, the Spanish colonial government sent expeditions to survey the mines. On February 3, 1850, an expedition led by engineer Don Antonio Hernandez confirmed the presence of copper in Mankayan.
In 1852, Lepanto was established by the Spanish as a comandancia politico-militar,[7][8] composed of several rancherias which included Mankayan.[6]
Seven different mines were discovered in the Mankayan-Suyoc region during Admiral Pedro Durán de Monforte's 1667 expedition, and Simón de Anda's administration (1770–1776) mentioned Igorot copperware. In 1833, Galvey sent ore samples from Gambang ("copper"), Suyoc, and Mankayan, to the governor. The first Spanish mining claim on the Cordillera was made by Tomás Balbas y Castro on 26 March 1856,[9] and established a mining company called the Sociedad Minero-Metalurgica Cantabro Filipino de Mancayan.[6] The company ceased operations in 1875.[7]
American period
Under the American rule, Mankayan remained under the jurisdiction of Lepanto, and later Lepanto-Bontoc until the latter's dissolution. Mankayan was later annexed to the sub-province of Benguet as a municipal district in 1913.[6][7]
The mining boom in Mankayan began in 1933, with American Victor Lednickey establishing the Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company on September 26, 1936.[6][7]
Second World War
In 1942, following the outbreak of the war, the Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company, together with the Suyoc Consolidated Mining Company, were taken over by the Japanese Mitsui Mining Company, which renamed the mines into "Mitsui Mankayan Copper Mines". The Mitsui Company controlled the mines until 1945.[6][7][10]
Post-war era
After the war, the Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company resumed the mining operations.[6][7]
Mankayan was converted from a municipal district into a regular municipality on June 16, 1955, by virtue of Republic Act 1302.[11][12]
In 2018, in order to preserve the highly artistic gangsa-making intangible heritage of the Mankayan elders, the cultural masters of the town converged and began teaching the younger generations the process and importance of gangsa-making to their way of life, effectively preserving indigenous gong culture in the town.[13]
Geography
Mankayan is on the north-western tip of Benguet. It is bordered by Bakun on the west, Buguias on the southeast, Tadian and Bauko on the east, and Cervantes on the north-west.
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 130.48 square kilometres (50.38 sq mi) [14] constituting 4.71% of the 2,769.08-square-kilometre- (1,069.15 sq mi) total area of Benguet.
Mankayan is situated 87.99 kilometres (54.67 mi) from the provincial capital La Trinidad, and 340.92 kilometres (211.84 mi) from the country's capital of Manila.
Barangays
Mankayan is politically subdivided into 12 barangays.[15] Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
| PSGC | Barangay | Population | ±% p.a. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024[16] | 2010[17] | |||||
| 141111001 | Balili | 22.1% | 8,547 | 6,236 | 2.30% | |
| 141111002 | Bedbed | 2.9% | 1,113 | 864 | 1.84% | |
| 141111003 | Bulalacao | 8.7% | 3,362 | 3,349 | 0.03% | |
| 141111004 | Cabiten | 5.5% | 2,128 | 1,854 | 1.00% | |
| 141111005 | Colalo | 4.2% | 1,632 | 1,232 | 2.05% | |
| 141111006 | Guinaoang | 5.7% | 2,212 | 1,855 | 1.28% | |
| 141111008 | Paco | 12.5% | 4,844 | 6,035 | −1.57% | |
| 141111009 | Palasaan | 7.7% | 2,971 | 2,348 | 1.71% | |
| 141111010 | Poblacion | 5.7% | 2,196 | 3,084 | −2.42% | |
| 141111011 | Sapid | 7.4% | 2,878 | 3,271 | −0.92% | |
| 141111012 | Tabio | 9.2% | 3,566 | 3,792 | −0.44% | |
| 141111013 | Taneg | 4.6% | 1,784 | 1,666 | 0.49% | |
| Total | 38,647 | 37,233 | 0.27% | |||
Climate
| Climate data for Mankayan, Benguet | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 20 (68) |
22 (72) |
23 (73) |
25 (77) |
24 (75) |
24 (75) |
23 (73) |
23 (73) |
23 (73) |
23 (73) |
22 (72) |
21 (70) |
23 (73) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13 (55) |
14 (57) |
15 (59) |
17 (63) |
18 (64) |
18 (64) |
18 (64) |
18 (64) |
18 (64) |
17 (63) |
16 (61) |
15 (59) |
16 (61) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 35 (1.4) |
46 (1.8) |
63 (2.5) |
117 (4.6) |
402 (15.8) |
400 (15.7) |
441 (17.4) |
471 (18.5) |
440 (17.3) |
258 (10.2) |
94 (3.7) |
68 (2.7) |
2,835 (111.6) |
| Average rainy days | 9.9 | 11.1 | 13.9 | 18.9 | 26.0 | 27.3 | 28.9 | 28.5 | 26.1 | 19.7 | 14.5 | 12.8 | 237.6 |
| Source: Meteoblue[18] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1903 | 118 | — |
| 1918 | 2,977 | +24.01% |
| 1939 | 6,865 | +4.06% |
| 1948 | 5,742 | −1.97% |
| 1960 | 13,812 | +7.59% |
| 1970 | 21,780 | +4.65% |
| 1975 | 24,123 | +2.07% |
| 1980 | 25,684 | +1.26% |
| 1990 | 32,889 | +2.50% |
| 1995 | 34,699 | +1.01% |
| 2000 | 34,502 | −0.12% |
| 2007 | 34,563 | +0.02% |
| 2010 | 35,586 | +1.07% |
| 2015 | 35,953 | +0.20% |
| 2020 | 37,233 | +0.74% |
| 2024 | 38,647 | +0.90% |
| Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[19][20][17][21][22] | ||
In the 2024 census, Mankayan had a population of 38,647 people.[23] The population density was 300 inhabitants per square kilometre (780/sq mi).
Economy
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Government
Local government
Mankayan, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Benguet, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.
Elected officials
| Position | Name |
|---|---|
| Congressman | Nestor B. Fongwan[a] Eric G. Yap (since January 20, 2020)[34] |
| Mayor | Frenzel A. Ayong |
| Vice-Mayor | Joseph Denver B. Tongacan |
| Councilors | Aldrin S. Camiling |
| Julio Joey C. Culliao | |
| Baylon P. Galuten | |
| Balodoy M. Totanes | |
| Hector B. Gacita | |
| Alejandro N. Wagian | |
| Norberto N. Anasan | |
| Alexander A. Dapiawen | |
Education
The Mankayan Schools District Office governs all educational institutions within the municipality. It oversees the management and operations of all private and public, from primary to secondary schools.[35]
Public schools
As of 2014, Mankayan has 35 public elementary schools and 9 public secondary schools.[36][37][38]
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