Murder to Excellence
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| "Murder to Excellence" | |
|---|---|
| Song by Jay-Z and Kanye West | |
| from the album Watch the Throne | |
| Released | August 8, 2011 |
| Recorded | 2011 |
| Studio |
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| Genre | Hip-hop |
| Length | 5:00 |
| Label | |
| Songwriter(s) |
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| Producer(s) | |
"Murder to Excellence" is a song by American rappers Jay-Z and Kanye West from their collaborative studio album, Watch the Throne (2011). The song features additional vocals from Kid Cudi. It was produced by Swizz Beatz and S1, who served as co-writers with the rappers and Kid Cudi, with additional credits for Mihaela and Gabriela Modorcea, Quincy Jones, Harvey Mason, Jr., Joel Rosenbaum, Caiphus Semenya, and Bill Summers due to them having composed sampled works. The song originated from Swizz Beatz's "Black on Black Murder" and S1's "Black Excellence" after West suggested to combine them, leading to it being split into the separate parts of "Murder" and "Excellence" from the producers. A hip-hop song with experimental elements and raw beats, it samples Indiggo's "La La La" and Jones' "Celie Shaves Mr./Scarification".
For the first part of the song, Jay-Z and West address black-on-black violence and the police shooting of Danroy Henry. On the second part, the rappers celebrate their definitions of black excellence despite remaining problems. "Murder to Excellence" received lukewarm reviews from music critics, who generally commended the subject matter of violence. Some highlighted the lack of self-focus and West comparing Chicago's homicides to Iraq's deaths of US soldiers, while a few reviewers found the song to be inconsistent. The song received a nomination for Impact Track at the 2012 BET Hip Hop Awards. Jay-Z and West performed it during their Watch the Throne Tour (2011–2012). The song was used in the trailer for the DC superhero film, Black Adam (2022).
Jay-Z and West are both American rappers who have collaborated on several tracks together, such as the singles "Swagga Like Us" (2008), "Run This Town" (2009), and "Monster" (2010).[1][2] In 2010, the two began production and recording together for a collaborative record titled Watch the Throne.[2] "Murder to Excellence" serves as a tribute from them to 20–year old college student Danroy Henry, who was unarmed when police of Westchester County, New York shot him in 2010.[3][4] Record producer Swizz Beatz compared working with Jay-Z and West to being in the studio with Quincy Jones and Michael Jackson at the same time. Swizz Beatz explained that despite the majority of people not feeling the same way, this comparison would be made in hip-hop history within 10 to 15 years. The producer recorded with Jay-Z and West during their sessions at The Mercer Hotel in SoHo, Manhattan for Watch the Throne in 2011.[5][3] The rappers and Swizz Beatz co-wrote the song with S1 and Kid Cudi, while Indiggo's members Mihaela and Gabriela Modorcea were credited as songwriters as a result of the sample of their song "La La La". Due to a sample of "Celie Shaves Mr./Scarification" from the soundtrack to The Color Purple (1985), Jones, Harvey Mason, Jr., Joel Rosenbaum, Caiphus Semenya, and Bill Summers also received songwriting credits.[6][7] Following the album's release, Semenya said that he was unaware of the sample until City Press reached out to him. He alleged that Jay-Z and West did not obtain permission, and he did not know which of his compositions with Jones had been used. Semenya was not favorable towards the rappers only crediting him, and felt that they should have obtained his permission first. [7]
In 2011, S1 said that the song was part of his second batch of beats sent to West and during sessions for Watch the Throne in London, the rapper repeatedly played its beat. West recorded his verse after Jay-Z, who completed his recording in 10 to 15 minutes. Upon hearing the song's beat, West was impressed, saying: "What the heck is this?"[8] Speaking to Revolt for the album's five-year anniversary in 2016, S1 recalled that "Murder to Excellence" originated from two separate songs. The first half was Swizz Beatz's song "Black on Black Murder" and S1's second half was titled "Black Excellence".[9] West played these songs in the same order during a studio session and he suggested a merger after the collaborators enjoyed them, which was then completed by the engineer Noah Goldstein with a smooth transition from the first part into the next. The song names were also combined for the title of "Murder to Excellence", which is listed as having the two parts "Murder" and "Excellence" from Swizz Beatz and S1, respectively.[6][9] Samples were incorporated by the producers, using these to blend both parts.[9]
Composition and lyrics
Musically, "Murder to Excellence" is a hip-hop song, with elements of experimental music.[10][11] The song is a medley of the two parts "Murder" and "Excellence",[12] featuring raw beats incorporating influences of rock music.[13][14] "Murder to Excellence" features additional keys from Caleb McCampbell and for both parts, Jay-Z performs the first verse.[6][15] The first part relies on a sample of Indiggo's refrain from "La La La".[3][16] "Murder" includes bongo drums, dark piano, and strums of acoustic guitar.[3] It features additional vocals from Kid Cudi, who contributes humming. Towards the end of the first part, the main drum beat fades out as sparse tribal drums take over.[17]
For "Excellence", the song's beat speeds up as it incorporates a breakdown.[4] The second part includes sped-up samples of "Celie Shaves Mr./Scarification" by Jones, which were seen by HotNewHipHop as a sample chop on "Murder".[17] The sample is combined with piano chords for "Excellence", which are also part of the beat breakdown.[3][17]
In the lyrics of the "Murder" portion, Jay-Z and West discuss black-on-black violence and police brutality without any questions.[3][18] Jay-Z mentions the death of black power movement figure Fred Hampton on December 4, 1969, the same date the rapper was born and he references this by rapping that "real niggas just multiply".[19][20] He also addresses black-on-black violence, calling it friendly fire from "the same team".[3][17] West quotes a line of Jay-Z's 2003 track "Lucifer": "I'm from the murder capital, where they murder for capital."[3][21] He follows this with a comparison between the 509 homicides in his hometown of Chicago and the 314 deaths of US soldiers in Iraq during 2008,[22] referring to the city's nickname of Chiraq. Jay-Z and West celebrate their definitions of black excellence during "Excellence", including VIP clubs, boardrooms, and a high level of public influence.[3] The former addresses reaching success through the American Dream and still not finding satisfaction, expressing not enough of his peers have the same race or similar life experiences as him.[17] Jay-Z raps about seeing a small amount of fellow black people who have become successful, to which West responds by comparing them to "the promised land of the O.G.'s".[23] He then depicts that past events like a black tie dress code would make blacks the last people expected to be recognized,[22][23] focusing on the problems of the American social system.[3]
