National New-Type Urbanization Plan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The National New-Type Urbanization Plan is a Chinese government plan to urbanize formerly rural residents in order to help transition China from an export-oriented economy to one with increasing amounts of domestic consumption. The National New-Type Urbanization Plan (2014-2020) was China's first national strategic urbanization plan. A new version for the period 2021-2035 has been prepared, but as of March 2023 was not yet publicized.
National New-Type Urbanization has resulted in more centralized urban planning processes. Investments in infrastructure for newly urbanized residents also had an impact in increasing China's industrialization and GDP.
The National New-Type Urbanization Plan was announced in 2014.[1]: 8 The National New-Type Urbanization Plan (2014-2020) was China's first national urbanization plan.[2]: 11 As a strategic policy document, the plan mostly refrained from setting specific quantifiable targets.[2]: 60 A new version of the plan covering the period 2021-2035 has been prepared, but as of March 2023, has not been released.[2]: 11
National New-Type Urbanization proposes to stimulate the economy and develop common prosperity.[3]: 16 National New-Type Urbanization seeks to transition China's economic focus from production-for-export to increased domestic consumption.[4]: 17 The Plan's emphasis on developing the domestic consumer economy is explicit.[4]: 116 To do so, China seeks to relocate hundreds of millions of rural Chinese to cities which are being built on a massive scale to accommodate new urban citizens.[4]: 17 The plan seeks to urbanize 250 million rural Chinese by 2026.[4]: 95 The Plan thus reflects an underlying assumption that consumer purchases by urbanites are key to China's continued economic development.[4]: 159
The 2014 plan sought to attribute an urban hukou to 100 million people by 2020.[5]: 280 It relaxed restrictions on small cities (fewer than 500,000 people) and medium cities (more than 1 million people).[5]: 280 It maintained strong hukou restrictions on cities of more than 5 million inhabitants.[5]: 280
In addition to urbanizing formerly rural people, the National New-Type Urbanization Plan seeks to optimize urbanization patterns, improve urban sustainability, and promote urban-rural coordination.[1]: 83 To increase urban-rural coordination, the state incorporates rural planning as part of municipal governments' planning processes.[1]: 8 New-type urbanization prioritizes quality of growth over quantity of growth.[2]: 7
In the logic of the National New-Type Urbanization Plan, approaches to urbanization should advance the Chinese political concept of ecological civilization.[6]: 29 The Plan requires 20% of municipal regions to be zoned as ecological protection areas.[1]: 8
The plan specified a maximum density of 100 m2 urban land per capita.[3]: 249
The National New-Type Urbanization Plan for 2014-2020 also addresses smart cities.[2]: 59–60 It identifies six important aspects for developing smart cities: (1) information network and broadband, (2) digitization of planning management, (3) smart infrastructure, (4) convenience of public services, (5) modernizing industrial development, and (6) sophisticated social governance.[2]: 60
As of 2023, new-type urbanization is a central theme in China's urban planning.[2]: 13 Xiong'an is being developed as an exemplar of the Chinese model of new-type urbanization.[2]: 159