National anthem of Mongolia
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The national anthem of Mongolia,[a] known before 1991 as the State Anthem of the Mongolian People's Republic,[b] was originally created in 1950 during the communist regime to replace the "Mongol Internationale". The music was composed by Bilegiin Damdinsüren and Lubhsanjambiin Mördorj, and the lyrics were written by Tsendiin Damdinsüren. The lyrics were modified several times, most recently in 2006.[3][4]
| English: National anthem of Mongolia | |
|---|---|
| Монгол Улсын Төрийн дуулал | |
The original lyrics in a 1950 decree | |
National anthem of Mongolia | |
| Also known as | БНМАУ-ын сүлд дуулал[1][2] (English: State Anthem of the Mongolian People's Republic) |
| Lyrics | Tsendiin Damdinsüren[3] |
| Music | Bilegiin Damdinsüren and Luvsanjambyn Mördorj[3] |
| Adopted | 1950 |
| Audio sample | |
History
Prior to 1950, Mongolia did not have an official national anthem. However, there were certain songs that had been considered patriotic anthems of the Mongol nation—most notably the song "Ertnii saikhan" (Mongolian: Эртний сайхан [e̝r̥tʰníː sɛ́ːχəɴ]; lit. 'Ancient Beauty'), which was popular among the Mongols as a patriotic anthem, but eventually fell out of fame by the 1930s. It was included in a collection of songs by the singer Magsarjav Dugarjav in 1935, and its lyrics were preserved. In the 1970s, the lyrics of "Ertnii saikhan" were changed to suit the ideological situation of the time. When the British army invaded Tibet, the 13th Dalai Lama invaded Mongolia in 1904 and settled there until 1906, parts of the lyrics were modified. After the accession of Bogd Khan to the throne in 1911, parts of the lyrics were once again modified.[citation needed]
After the establishment of the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia in 1911, Bogd Khan chose the song "Zuun Langiin Joroo Luus" as the national anthem in 1915. Following the Mongolian Revolution of 1921, the song was relinquished, and in 1924, it was replaced by the "Mongol Internationale".[5][6] Although the "Mongol Internationale" was never officially designated as the national anthem of Mongolia, the words and melody of the song, which are different than those of the original left-wing anthem "The Internationale", were sung with respect by a generation of Mongolians as an unofficial national anthem at the time.[citation needed]
According to historical records, the work of composing and selecting poems for the new national anthem began in 1945. The former Arts Department issued the “Rules for the Closed Competition for Composing the Words of the New Mongolian Anthem” and gave special provisions and guidelines for the content and form of the poems. Although the deadline for the poetry competition was set on 31 December 1945, the works continued to be submitted until April 1946. Writers and poets including Tsendiin Damdinsuren et al. participated in this poetry competition. Several compositions of the melody were completed by early 1949. Marshal Khorloogiin Choibalsan personally participated in this selection of the new anthem and listened to many versions of the melody and song. The combined melodies composed by Bilegiin Damdinsüren and Luvsanjambyn Mördorj were ultimately chosen.[citation needed]
Since the early 20th century, Mongolia has had two national anthems: the first, used between 1924 and 1950, was called the "Mongol Internationale", with lyrics by Sonombaljiriin Buyannemekh and music by Magsarjaviin Dugarjav.[7] It is often incorrectly listed as the Mongolian-language version of "The Internationale", despite the two songs having almost nothing in common aside from similar titles.[8][better source needed] "The Internationale" does have a Mongolian version, however, which should not be confused with the "Mongol Internationale".[9]
The second anthem, by Damdinsüren and Mördorj, replaced the "Mongol Internationale" and has been in use since 1950. In accordance with the 1960 constitution, the words of the anthem were changed in 1961 by Tsevegmidin Gaitav and Choijilin Chimed. The lyrics were changed slightly in 1961 to include references to the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party and remove references to various Soviet and Mongolian leaders; however, the original lyrics were restored in early 1991, a year prior to the end of the communist regime.[3] Since 1991, most of the lyrics from 1950 have been in use again, but the second verse (praising Lenin, Stalin, Sükhbaatar and Choibalsan) has been removed. On 6 July 2006, the lyrics were revised by the Mongolian Parliament to commemorate Genghis Khan.[4]
In 2006, in anticipation of the 800th anniversary of the Mongol Empire, six writers were mobilized to partially change the text. The text was revised to reflect the new state that had escaped foreign oppression, rather than the country's rich heritage and history.[citation needed]
The current Constitution of Mongolia mandates that the national anthem be broadcast daily on media channels prior to the end of transmissions.[citation needed]
Lyrics
Current official version
| Mongolian original | English translation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Our sacred independent country |
ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠶ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠥᠰ
ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠲᠠ
ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ
ᠳᠠᠩᠳᠠ ᠡ᠊ᠩᠬᠡᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠮᠦᠩᠬᠡᠵᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ
ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ
ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ
ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠢᠠ᠃
ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠢᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠢᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ
ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠵᠦ
ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ᠂ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ
ᠦᠷᠡ ᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠪᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠶᠠ᠃
ᠡᠷᠡᠯᠬᠡᠭ᠌ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠦᠳ
ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠪᠡ
ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭ᠍ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ
ᠵᠢᠪᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠶ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠅
1991–2006 version
| Mongolian original | English translation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Our sacred revolutionary country |
ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠶ ᠬᠤᠪᠰᠭᠠᠯᠲ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ
ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠲᠠ
ᠳᠠᠢᠰᠨᠢ ᠺᠥᠯᠳ ᠺᠡᠽᠡᠡ ᠴ ᠣᠷᠣᠺᠭᠦᠢ
ᠳᠠᠩᠳᠠ ᠡ᠊ᠩᠬᠡᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠮᠦᠩᠬᠡᠵᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠯᠲᠠ
ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ
ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ
ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ
ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠢᠠ᠃
ᠵᠣᠷᠭᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠽᠣᠯᠳᠣᠢ ᠠᠷᠳᠤᠳ
ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠣᠩᠭ ᠳᠣᠨᠢᠯᠭᠭᠣᠵ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠪᠡ
ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠠᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠯᠬᠦᠦᠷ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠯᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠭᠤᠤᠷ
ᠵᠢᠪᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠶ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠃
ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠯᠲᠠ
1961–1991 version
| Mongolian original | English translation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
The struggle and oppression of the past is gone, |
ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠯᠢ᠋ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ
ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯᠢ᠋ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ
ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠢ᠋ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ
ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰᠢ᠋ᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠯᠲᠠ
ᠰᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ
ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ
ᠦᠶᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ ᠡᠩᠬᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ
ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠃
ᠠᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠠᠯᠤᠰᠢ᠋ ᠭᠡᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ
ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰᠢ᠋ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ
ᠪᠤᠤᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠯ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠬᠥᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ
ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠯᠲᠠ
ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠵᠤ
ᠲᠠᠪᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠡᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ
ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠭᠢ᠋ ᠪᠠᠬᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ
ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠺᠣᠮᠮᠤᠢᠨᠢᠰᠮᠢ᠋ ᠴᠣᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠯᠲᠠ
Original version
| Mongolian original | English translation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Our sacred revolutionary country |
ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠶ ᠬᠤᠪᠰᠭᠠᠯᠲ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ
ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠲᠠ
ᠳᠠᠢᠰᠨᠢ ᠺᠥᠯᠳ ᠺᠡᠽᠡᠡ ᠴ ᠣᠷᠣᠺᠭᠦᠢ
ᠳᠠᠩᠳᠠ ᠡ᠊ᠩᠬᠡᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠮᠦᠩᠬᠡᠵᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠯᠲᠠ
ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ
ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ
ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ
ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠢᠠ᠃
ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠯᠧᠨᠢᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠢᠨᠤ᠋ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ
ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠥᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠠᠮᠢ᠋ᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ
ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠢ᠋ᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ
ᠠᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠰᠦᠬᠡᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ᠂ ᠴᠣᠢᠪᠠᠯᠰᠠᠩ᠃
ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠯᠲᠠ
ᠵᠣᠷᠭᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠽᠣᠯᠳᠣᠢ ᠠᠷᠳᠤᠳ
ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠣᠩᠭ ᠳᠣᠨᠢᠯᠭᠭᠣᠵ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠪᠡ
ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠠᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠯᠬᠦᠦᠷ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠯᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠭᠤᠤᠷ
ᠵᠢᠪᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠶ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠃
ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠯᠲᠠ
See also
Notes
- Mongolian: Монгол Улсын Төрийн дуулал, romanized: Mongol Ulsiin töriin duulal, pronounced [mɔ́ɴɢəɮ ʊɮsíːɴ tʰɵríːɴ tʊ́ːɮəɮ]
- Mongolian: Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улсын сүлд дуулал, romanized: Bügd Nairamdakh Mongol Ard Ulsiin süld duulal, pronounced [puxt nɛ́ːrəmtəχ mɔ́ɴɢəɮ art ʊɮsíːɴ suɮt tʊ́ːɮəɮ]
- See Help:IPA/Mongolian and Mongolian phonology.
- Sometimes үүрдэ was also sung.
- бэхжүүлэж was also sung.
