Navarre (Senate constituency)

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate,^[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.^[3] Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.^[4]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights.^[5] The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.^[6][7] Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado),^[8][9] which was abolished in 2022.^[10] 208 seats are elected using an open list partial block voting system, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. In constituencies electing four seats, electors can vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts are the islands themselves, with the larger—Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife—being allocated three seats each, and the smaller—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera and El Hierro (which comprised a single constituency only for the 1977 election), Lanzarote and La Palma—one each. Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each.^{[2][3][11][12]} Until 1985, the law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature.^[13]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.^[14][15]

Senators for Navarre 1977–
Key to parties   Aldaketa   U.Podemos   PSOE   FA   UCD   NA+   UPN   UPN–PP   CP–UPN   UPN–AP
Legislature	Election	Distribution
Constituent	1977	1 3
1st	1979	1 3
2nd	1982	3 1
3rd	1986	3 1
4th	1989	1 3
5th	1993	1 3
6th	1996	1 3
7th	2000	1 3
8th	2004	1 3
9th	2008	1 3
10th	2011	1 3
11th	2015	1 3
12th	2016	1 3
13th	2019 (Apr)	1 3
14th	2019 (Nov)	1 3
15th	2023	3 1

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results in Navarre

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Socialist Party of Navarre (PSN–PSOE)	265,990	27.51	+1.72	3	+2
	Navarrese People's Union (UPN)1	188,577	19.50	n/a	1	±0
	Basque Country Gather–Left for Independence (EH Bildu–IE)	179,767	18.59	+0.70	0	±0
	People's Party (PP)1	176,048	18.21	n/a	0	–1
	Unite (Sumar)2	104,081	10.76	–2.61	0	±0
	Yes to the Future (GBai)	37,375	3.87	–1.73	0	±0
	Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)3	4,263	0.44	–0.42	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	2,408	0.25	–0.01	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE)	1,357	0.14	+0.01	0	±0
	Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero)	1,174	0.12	–0.12	0	±0
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)1	n/a	n/a	n/a	0	–1
Blank ballots[a]		5,852	1.74	–0.10
Total		966,892			4	±0
Valid votes		335,959	97.80	–0.29
Invalid votes		7,573	2.20	+0.29
Votes cast / turnout		343,532	66.07	+0.44
Abstentions		176,386	33.93	–0.44
Registered voters		519,918
Sources[16]
Footnotes: 1 Within the Sum Navarre alliance in the November 2019 election. 2 Unite results are compared to United We Can totals in the November 2019 election. 3 Animalist Party with the Environment results are compared to Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals totals in the November 2019 election.

Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Navarre

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Sum Navarre (NA+)	309,357	33.24	+1.33	3	±0
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	240,032	25.79	–4.76	1	±0
	Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)1	166,537	17.89	n/a	0	±0
	United We Can (Podemos–IU–Batzarre)1	124,476	13.37	n/a	0	±0
	Yes to the Future (GBai)1	52,076	5.60	n/a	0	±0
	Vox (Vox)	18,243	1.96	–2.28	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	8,002	0.86	–1.82	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	2,425	0.26	–0.33	0	±0
	Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)	2,278	0.24	–0.55	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE/ELAK)	1,207	0.13	New	0	±0
Blank ballots[a]		6,084	1.84	–0.72
Total		930,717			4	±0
Valid votes		330,171	98.09	+0.45
Invalid votes		6,421	1.91	–0.45
Votes cast / turnout		336,592	65.63	–6.32
Abstentions		176,234	34.37	+6.32
Registered voters		512,826
Sources[16]
Footnotes: 1 Within the Change alliance in the April 2019 election.

Summary of the 28 April 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Navarre

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Sum Navarre (NA+)1	325,305	31.91		3	±0
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	311,417	30.55		1	+1
	Change (Cambio/Aldaketa)2	288,947	28.35		0	–1
	Vox (Vox)	43,253	4.24	New	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	27,291	2.68		0	±0
	Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)	8,022	0.79		0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	5,978	0.59	New	0	±0
Blank ballots[a]		9,180	2.56
Total		1,019,393			4	±0
Valid votes		359,037	97.64
Invalid votes		8,689	2.36
Votes cast / turnout		367,726	71.95
Abstentions		143,359	28.05
Registered voters		511,085
Sources[16]
Footnotes: 1 Sum Navarre results are compared to the combined totals of Navarrese People's Union–People's Party and Citizens–Party of the Citizenry in the 2016 election. 2 Change results are compared to the combined totals of United We Can, Basque Country Gather and Yes to Navarre totals in the 2016 election.