Neferhotep III

In the heavily damaged stela (Cairo JE 59635 [CG 20799]),^[4][5] Neferhotep III repeatedly calls Thebes "my city" and praises himself as "the guide of victorious Thebes".^[6]

This emphasis on Thebes is understood by Ryholt as showing that Neferhotep III reigned exclusively over the Theban region. Additionally, Baker points out the total lack of contemporary attestations for kings of the 16th Dynasty (except Bebiankh and Nebiryraw I) outside of a 200 km long stretch of the Nile valley comprising Thebes, from Hu in the north to Edfu in the south.^[2] That Neferhotep III ruled over little more than the Theban region is further strengthened by a stela of Neferhotep's successor Seankhenre Mentuhotepi where Mentuhotepi states "I am the king within Thebes, this is my city".

The Turin King List 11:3 mentions "The Dual King Sekhemra S... 1 year ...", usually identified with Sekhemre Sankhtawy Neferhotep III. In the list he is preceded by 11:2 Sekhemra [...] 16 years and succeeded by 11:4 Se...en...ra 1 year.

In his Theban stela, Neferhotep III emphasizes his role as provider of food for his people stating that "he who nourishes his city, saving it from famine".^[7] This, together with his royal name Sekhemre Sanhktawy, The might of Ra, who nourishes the Two Lands is a strong sign that Upper Egypt suffered from famines during the late 16th Dynasty. Another king of the period, Senusret IV, adopted a similar royal name.

Neferhotep III got certainly embroiled in a defensive war against the Hyksos 15th Dynasty, which would ultimately overrun the 16th Dynasty state. Neferhotep praises himself on his stela as " He who raises his city, having been sunk through strife with foreigners".^[1] The stela is thought to contain the earliest known mention of the Khepresh crown. Neferhotep is said to be "Adorned with the Khepresh, the living image of Re, lord of terror".^[8] For reasons which remain difficult to understand, on the stela Neferhotep III is also referred to by the epithet Iykhernofret written inside a cartouche:^[4][9]

After his short reign, he was succeeded by a similarly short lived king Seankhenre Mentuhotepi.