Nesting (voting districts)
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Nesting is the delimitation of voting districts for one elected body in order to define the voting districts for another body.[1]
The major concerns of nesting are that it may impede the creation of majority-minority districts, and that it may cause cities or other communities of interest to be split into different voting districts and therefore dilute their votes.
Fiji
Under the 1970 constitution, Fiji had ten National constituencies. Each of them elected one indigenous Fijian member and one Indo-Fijian member on its own, but two national constituencies were nested into one for the election of General electors' representatives.[2]
Poland
Electoral districts for the Parliament of Poland are nested, with each of the multi-member Sejm districts split into two or three single-member Senate districts (except for Sejm Constituency no. 12 which is a single Senate district).[3]
United Kingdom
The Scottish Parliament and Senedd Cymru are elected using an Additional member system, combining single-member constituencies with a party-list component chosen to ensure overall proportional representation across the chamber. To elect this proportional component, single-member constituencies are nested together within larger multi-member regions. In addition, the single-member constituencies in the Senedd are identical to those used for the UK House of Commons; this was also the case in Scotland until the Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies.
United States
The US states which have nesting in their state legislatures (with the ratio of lower house to upper):
- Alaska (2/1)[4]
- Arizona (2/1)[5] (districts are identical)
- Illinois (2/1)[6]
- Iowa (2/1)[7]
- Maryland (3/1)[8] (29 of 47 districts are identical)
- Minnesota (2/1)[9]
- Montana (2/1)[10]
- New Jersey (2/1)[11] (districts are identical)
- North Dakota (2/1)[12] (46 of 47 districts are identical)
- Ohio (3/1)[13]
- Oregon (2/1)[14]
- South Dakota (2/1)[15] (33 of 35 districts are identical)
- Washington (2/1)[16] (districts are identical)
- Wisconsin (3/1)[17]
In addition there are four states with exact ratios (California, Hawaii[dubious – discuss], New York[dubious – discuss], and Wyoming) that encourage, but do not require, nesting of legislative districts.[18] Two other states with uneven lower-upper house ratios (Rhode Island and Utah) encourage nesting between legislative and congressional districts. Five other states (Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Nevada and Tennessee) have a lower-to-upper house seat ratio of either 2:1 or 3:1, but do not feature nesting in their laws on redistricting.
References
- ↑ Levitt, Justin (2011). Moncrief, Gary F. (ed.). Reapportionment and Redistricting in the West. Lexington Books. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-7391-6761-8.
- ↑ "Fiji Independence Order 1970 and Constitution of Fiji".
- ↑ "Dz.U. 2001 nr 46 poz. 499 - Art. 191". ISAP.
- ↑ All about Redistricting - Alaska
- ↑ All about Redistricting - Arizona
- ↑ Illinois Constitution Article IV, Section 2(b) http://www.ilga.gov/commission/lrb/con4.htm
- ↑ All about Redistricting - Iowa
- ↑ All about Redistricting -Maryland
- ↑ All about Redistricting - Minnesota
- ↑ All about Redistricting -Montana
- ↑ All about Redistricting - New Jersey
- ↑ All about Redistricting - North Dakota
- ↑ All about Redistricting - Ohio
- ↑ All about Redistricting - Oregon
- ↑ All about Redistricting - South Dakota
- ↑ All about Redistricting - Washington
- ↑ All about Redistricting -Wisconsin
- ↑ Where the lines are drawn by the Brennan Center for Justice
Further reading
- Cain, Bruce E.; Mac Donald, Karin (August 2007). "The Implications of Nesting in California Redistricting" (PDF). Institute of Governmental Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2008-09-19.
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