Opinion polling for the 1993 Canadian federal election

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Polls leading up to the 1993 Canadian federal election.

Campaign period

Graph of opinion polls conducted
Evolution of voting intentions at national level
Last day
of survey
LPC Reform PC BQ NDP Other Polling firm Sample ME Source
Voting results 41.24 18.69 16.04 13.52 6.88 3.59
October 22, 1993 43 18 18 14 7 3 Angus Reid PDF
October 20, 1993 44 19 16 12 7 2 Gallup 1,011 ± 3.1 PDF
October 20, 1993 43 17 17 14 7 2 Angus Reid 3,329 [1]
October 14, 1993 40 16 22 13 7 2 Comquest 1,504 ± 2.5 PDF
October 6, 1993 37 18 22 12 8 Angus Reid 1,961 ± 2.5 [2] HTML Archived August 30, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
September 28, 1993 39 17 25 12 6 1 Ekos 1,505 ± 2.5 PDF
September 26, 1993 38 14 26 12 8 2 Compas HTML Archived August 30, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
September 23, 1993 37 13 30 10 8 2 Gallup 1,015 PDF
September 23, 1993 34 15 28 12 7 3 Léger 1,745 PDF
September 22, 1993 36 13 31 11 7 2 CROP 3,010 ± 2.0 PDF
September 16, 1993 35 11 35 11 6 2 Angus Reid HTML Archived August 30, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
September 14, 1993 33 11 36 10 8 2 Comquest HTML Archived August 30, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
September 9, 1993 33 11 34 11 10 2 Environics 1,505 [3]
September 9, 1993 37 10 35 8 8 2 Angus Reid 1,414 ± 2.5 HTML Archived August 30, 2020, at the Wayback Machine [4]
Official call of federal elections (September 8, 1993)

During the 34th Parliament of Canada

Evolution of voting intentions at national level
Last day
of survey
LPC Reform PC BQ NDP Other Polling firm Sample ME Source
September 3, 1993 33 11 34 11 10 2 Environics ± 2.3 [5]
August 16, 1993 40 7 36 6 8 3 Gallup 1,012 ± 3.1 PDF
August 5, 1993 39 9 35 7 Angus Reid 1,056 ± 2.5 1, 2,[6]
July 13, 1993 43 7 33 8 8 1 Gallup 1,010 ± 3.1 PDF
June 28, 1993 39 7 35 7 9 3 Angus Reid 1,501 ± 2.5 PDF
Kim Campbell becomes Prime Minister of Canada (June 25, 1993)
April 17, 1993 39 31 13 Gallup 1,040 PDF
April 2, 1993[note 1] 29 5 50 6 9 Gallup 1,012 [7]
April 2, 1993 39 32 13 PDF
March 25, 1993[note 1] 36 9 33 9 12 Environics 1,988 [7]
March 25, 1993[note 2] 42 11 20 9 15
March 18, 1993[note 1] 25 10 43 8 11 Angus Reid 1,500 [7]
March 15, 1993[note 1] 32 10 45 4 9 Comquest 1,439 [7]
March 15, 1993 42 7 29 13 9 Gallup 1,025 ± 3.1 PDF
Brian Mulroney announces that he is leaving politics (February 24, 1993)
February 15, 1993 49 8 21 3 16 Gallup 2,017 ± 2.2 PDF
January 30, 1993 46 18 17 Angus Reid 1,500 ± 2.5 [8]
December 6, 1992 42 12 17 9 18 Angus Reid 1,500 PDF
December 5, 1992 40 15 15 12 18 Environics 2,000 PDF
November 16, 1992 47 11 22 14 Gallup 1,006 ± 3.1 PDF
September 14, 1992 44 8 21 18 Gallup [9]
Charlottetown Accord is rejected by referendum (October 26, 1992)
July 11, 1992 42 10 22 6 18 Gallup 1,027 1 2
June 6, 1992 44 11 17 6 21 2 Gallup 1,024 ± 3.1 PDF
May 26, 1992 36 12 20 7 22 3 Angus Reid 1,502 ± 2.5 [10]
April 11, 1992 36 15 16 9 22 Gallup 1,035 ± 4.0 PDF
March 7, 1992 40 14 12 10 22 2 Gallup 1,001 ± 4.0 PDF
February 5, 1992 39 14 16 8 22 1 Angus Reid 1,500 ± 2.5 [11]
January 11, 1992 39 12 24 Gallup 1,013 ± 4.0 PDF
December 7, 1991 38 12 23 9 16 Gallup 1,006 ± 4.0 PDF
December 5, 1991 40 15 15 12 18 0 Environics 2,000 [12]
November 9, 1991 37 11 14 11 25 Gallup 1,004 ± 4.0 PDF
October 7, 1991 39 16 15 10 19 1 Environics [13]
September 11, 1991 32 14 17 9 25 Angus Reid 1,504 ± 2.5 PDF
September 7, 1991 38 12 16 7 26 Gallup 1,037 ± 4.0 1 2
August 22, 1991 39 13 13 8 25 1 Gallup 1,030 ± 4.0 PDF
July 1991 37 13 17 8 23 2 Angus Reid PDF
Official creation of Bloc Québécois (June 15, 1991)
June 8, 1991 35 16 15 23 11 Gallup [14]
June 2, 1991 34 15 16 6 27 Angus Reid 1,508 ± 2.5 [15]
May 7, 1991 30 17 16 8 26 Angus Reid 1,500 ± 2.5 [16][15]
May 4, 1991 34 13 14 28 11 Gallup 1,040 ± 4.0 [17]
April 13, 1991 32 16 14 10 26 2 Gallup 1,024 ± 4.0 PDF
March 20, 1991 34 7 17 4 34 4 Angus Reid 1,503 ± 2.5 [18]
March 9, 1991 39 7 16 7 30 1 Gallup 1,039 ± 4.0 1 2
February 23, 1991 29 11 19 9 30 Environics 1,506 ± 2.5 PDF
February 9, 1991 35 8 12 34 Gallup 1,037 ± 4.0 [19]
January 21, 1991 32 7 20 4 35 2 Angus Reid 1,501 ± 2.5 PDF [20]
January 5, 1991 31 9 12 5 41 5 Gallup 1,026 ± 4.0 [21][22]
December 22, 1990 34 15 36 Angus Reid 1,500 ± 2.5 [23]
December 8, 1990 32 8 14 8 36 Gallup 1,011 ± 4.0 1 2
November 19, 1990 30 11 14 10 32 3 Environics [24]
November 10, 1990 34 17 38 Angus Reid 1,500 ± 2.5 [25]
October 13, 1990 31 9 15 4 38 Gallup 1,041 ± 4.0 PDF
September 19, 1990 39 18 33 10 Angus Reid 1,504 ± 2.5 [26]
September 15, 1990 39 7 15 4 32 3 Gallup 1,051 ± 4.0 PDF [27]
August 11, 1990 46 6 20 5 22 1 Gallup 1,034 ± 4.0 PDF [28]
Start of Gulf War (August 2, 1990)
July 14, 1990 50 19 19 10 Gallup 1,034 ± 4.0 PDF
Jean Chrétien becomes head of Liberal Party of Canada (June 23, 1990)
Failure to ratify Meech Lake Accord (June 22, 1990)
June 16, 1990 50 7 17 23 3 Gallup 1,011 ± 4.0 PDF [29]
June 12, 1990 50 23 17 10 Angus Reid 1,773 ± 2.5 [30]
May 5, 1990 47 7 18 24 4 Gallup 1,025 ± 4.0 [31]
April 7, 1990 49 6 16 24 5 Gallup 1,049 ± 4.0 [32]
April 2, 1990 53 15 23 Angus Reid 1,501 ± 2.5 [33]
March 10, 1990 50 5 17 25 3 Gallup 1,054 ± 4.0 [34]
February 10, 1990 47 4 19 27 3 Gallup 1,003 ± 4.0 PDF [35]
January 13, 1990 48 22 23 Gallup 1,041 PDF
December 21, 1989 40 3 23 30 3 Angus Reid 1,501 ± 2.5 PDF [36]
Audrey McLaughlin becomes leader of the NDP (December 5, 1989)
November 11, 1989 42 26 25 7 Gallup 1,034 ± 4.0 [37]
October 5, 1989 44 28 22 6 Gallup 1,034 ± 4.0 [38]
September 9, 1989 41 30 24 5 Gallup 1,051 ± 4.0 [39]
July 8, 1989 38 31 25 6 Gallup 1,034 ± 4.0 [40]
June 21, 1989 39 34 25 2 Environics 1,443 ± 2.5 PDF [41]
May 30, 1989 37 34 26 3 Angus Reid 1,502 ± 2.5 [42]
May 20, 1989 40 32 25 Gallup PDF
John Turner announces his intention to step down as leader of the Liberal Party of Canada. (May 14, 1989)
March 30, 1989 29 44 23 4 Angus Reid 1,501 ± 2.5 [42][43]
March 25, 1989 33 39 24 4 Environics 1,465 ± 2.5 [44]
January 7, 1989 26 48 23 3 Gallup 1,021 ± 4.0 [45]
December 3, 1988 28 49 20 3 Gallup 1,012 ± 4.0 [46]
November 21, 1988 31.92 2.09 43.02 20.38 2.59

By geographic area

In the Atlantic provinces

Evolution of voting intentions in the Atlantic provinces
Last day
of survey
LPC Reform PC NDP Other Polling firm Sample ME Source
October 20, 1993 59 5 30 5 2 Gallup PDF
October 20, 1993 56 10 28 5 1 Angus Reid ± 7.0 [1]
October 14, 1993 46 42 Comquest PDF
October 6, 1993 57 32 Angus Reid ± 10.0 [2]
Official call of federal elections (September 8, 1993)
July 13, 1993 59 2 29 11 0 Gallup PDF
February 5, 1992 53 6 21 18 2 Angus Reid [11]
June 8, 1991 31 10 29 28 2 Gallup [14]
May 7, 1991 39 4 26 29 Angus Reid [47]
March 9, 1991 65 13 22 Gallup [48]
February 9, 1991 60 8 28 Gallup [19]
August 11, 1990 59 18 17 Gallup [49]
July 14, 1990 64 13 15 Gallup PDF
May 5, 1990 68 18 12 2 Gallup [31]
February 10, 1990 59 17 14 Gallup [50]
November 11, 1989 54 37 Gallup [37]
October 5, 1989 61 17 15 7 Gallup [38]
June 21, 1989 52 32 15 1 Environics [41]

In Québec

Campaign period

Last day
of survey
BQ LPC PC NDP Other Polling firm Sample ME Source
Voting results 49.3 33.0 13.5 1.5 2.7
October 20, 1993 55 28 13 2 2 SOM 1,023 PDF
October 20, 1993 50 31 14 3 2 Gallup ± 6.0 PDF
October 20, 1993 52 30 13 2 2 Angus Reid ± 4.0 [1]
October 19, 1993 54 28 14 2 2 SOM PDF
October 18, 1993 55 28 15 1 1 SOM 1,022 PDF
October 17, 1993 51 29 17 3 0 SOM 1,022 PDF
October 16, 1993 51 30 16 2 1 SOM 1,016 PDF
October 15, 1993 50 30 18 1 1 SOM PDF
October 14, 1993 52 26 16 Comquest ± 5.1 PDF
October 14, 1993 50 27 20 Léger ± 3.1 PDF
October 14, 1993 50 30 17 3[note 3] SOM PDF
October 13, 1993 50 28 17 5[note 3] SOM PDF
October 12, 1993 52 26 17 3 2 SOM 1,027 PDF
October 11, 1993 52 27 18 3 Multi-Réso 1,001 ± 3.1 [51]
October 11, 1993 50 27 17 3 3 SOM PDF
October 10, 1993 52 27 17 2 2 SOM PDF
October 9, 1993 50 28 17 2 3 SOM PDF
October 8, 1993 49 29 18 2 2 SOM PDF
October 7, 1993 50 27 19 2 2 SOM 1,054 ± 3.1 PDF
October 6, 1993 46 27 20 Angus Reid ± 5.0 [2]
October 6, 1993 47 28 20 2 3 SOM PDF
October 5, 1993 47 26 22 2 3 SOM PDF
October 4, 1993 44 26 24 2 SOM 1,059 PDF
October 3, 1993 46 26 23 1 SOM 1,042 ± 3.4 PDF
September 28, 1993 47 23 25 Ekos 508 ± 4.3 PDF
September 28, 1993 44 24 27 1 SOM PDF
September 23, 1993 38 29 29 Gallup 268 ± 6.0 PDF
September 23, 1993 43 28 22 4 3 Léger 745 PDF
September 22, 1993 45 24 27 3 1 CROP 1,001 PDF
September 14, 1993 40 20 32 5 3 Comquest [52]
September 9, 1993 43 23 28 3 3 Environics [3]
September 9, 1993 32 28 36 Angus Reid [4]
Official call of federal elections (September 8, 1993)

In 1993 (before the election campaign)

Last day
of survey
BQ LPC PC NDP Other Polling firm Sample ME Source
September 3, 1993 43 23 28 3 3 Environics [3]
August 24, 1993 40 31 24 4 1 CROP 1,001 ± 3.1 PDF
August 16, 1993 28 19 47 5 1 Gallup ± 6.0 PDF
August 5, 1993 26 30 36 Angus Reid PDF
July 13, 1993 33 33 29 4 Gallup ± 6.0 PDF
June 28, 1993 29 30 33 Angus Reid PDF
Kim Campbell becomes Prime Minister of Canada (June 25, 1993)
June 22, 1993 40 25 22 5 Léger 1,005 ± 3.1 [53]
June 21, 1993 35 31 26 8 0 CROP 1,046 PDF
June 17, 1993 34 22 35 4 5 SOM PDF
May 18, 1993 40 30 21 8 1 CROP 1,005 PDF
April 19, 1993 36 27 26 10 1 SOM 1,020 ± 3.9 PDF
April 19, 1993[note 1] 34 24 38 5 0
April 19, 1993[note 2] 35 24 31 9 1
April 2, 1993[note 1] 25 17 52 3 Gallup PDF
April 2, 1993[note 2] 26 19 52
March 15, 1993 35 32 28 4 Gallup 267 ± 6.1 PDF
Brian Mulroney announces that he is leaving politics (February 24, 1993)
February 16, 1993 43 24 15 10 8 SOM 1,013 ± 3.8 PDF
February 15, 1993 16 49 21 11 Gallup 535 ± 4.3 PDF
January 30, 1993 33 37 Angus Reid ± 5.0 [8]
November 25, 1992 43 29 13 12 1 CROP 1,000 ± 3.0 PDF
November 16, 1992 33 40 19 6 Gallup PDF
November 8, 1992 47 23 19 11 SOM 961 ± 3.9 PDF
Charlottetown Accord is rejected by referendum (October 26, 1992)
September 14, 1992 37 34 18 9 Gallup [9]
July 11, 1992 32 33 21 11 Gallup PDF
June 14, 1992 41 28 16 13 2 CROP 1,028 ± 3.0 PDF
May 26, 1992 29 29 19 20 3 Angus Reid [10]
April 11, 1992 35 29 15 Gallup 280 ± 7.0 PDF
March 7, 1992 40 30 14 16 IQOP 1,002 ± 3.0 PDF
March 7, 1992 43 31 13 8 Gallup 284 ± 7.0 PDF
February 5, 1992 33 32 20 12 3 Angus Reid [11]
January 11, 1992 32 38 15 12 Gallup 259 ± 7.0 PDF
December 7, 1991 41 28 18 8 Gallup PDF
November 17, 1991 38 29 14 18 CROP 1,018 PDF
November 9, 1991 42 25 16 15 Gallup ± 5.9 PDF
September 12, 1991 42 27 15 17 IQOP 1,002 ± 3.0 PDF
September 11, 1991 35 25 19 15 Angus Reid PDF
September 7, 1991 32 34 19 13 Gallup PDF
June 8, 1991 40 28 15 13 4 Gallup [14]
May 7, 1991 33 21 21 18 Angus Reid [47]
May 4, 1991 36 34 13 13 4 Gallup [17]
April 21, 1991 37 29 14 17 CROP 1,019 ± 3.0 PDF
April 13, 1991 41 26 16 11 5 Gallup PDF
March 9, 1991 29 38 15 Gallup PDF
February 23, 1991 36 30 18 14 Environics 398 ± 5.0 PDF
February 18, 1991 35 32 15 17 2 CROP 1,022 ± 3.0 PDF
February 9, 1991 23 37 22 17 Gallup [19] PDF
January 5, 1991 26 31 17 23 3 Gallup [21]
December 16, 1990 37 30 14 18 2 CROP 1,015 ± 3.0 PDF
December 8, 1990 32 27 19 19 Gallup PDF
November 14, 1990 40 30 12 19 IQOP PDF
November 2, 1990 39 23 17 20 Lepage 961 ± 3.0 PDF
October 22, 1990 32 26 16 23 2 CROP 1,019 ± 3.0 PDF
October 13, 1990 19 34 26 16 2 Gallup 270 ± 6.0 PDF
September 19, 1990 14 29 32 23 2 Angus Reid 1,504 ± 2.5 [26]
Gilles Duceppe is elected independent member in the by-election of Laurier—Sainte-Marie (August 13, 1990)
August 11, 1990 22 35 29 14 Gallup PDF
July 14, 1990 39 34 19 Gallup PDF
Start of Oka Crisis (July 11, 1990)
Failure to ratify Meech Lake Accord (June 22, 1990)
June 18, 1990 40 29 23 7 CROP 1,004 ± 3.0 PDF
June 16, 1990 50 27 12 Gallup PDF
June 12, 1990 35 41 Angus Reid ± 4.5 [30]
Lucien Bouchard resigns from his post as minister and leaves the Conservative caucus (May 22, 1990)
May 5, 1990 48 26 Gallup [31]
April 29, 1990 41 24 33 2 Sorécom 1,003 ± 3.0 PDF
April 7, 1990 50 23 20 Gallup [32]
March 26, 1990 41 29 26 4 Sorécom 965 ± 3.0 PDF
March 21, 1990 50 28 18 5 CROP PDF
March 10, 1990 52 23 19 Gallup PDF
February 19, 1990 39 31 28 Sorécom 966 ± 3.0 PDF
Phil Edmonston becomes the first NDP member elected In Quebec during a by-election in Chambly (February 12, 1990)
February 10, 1990 50 25 22 Gallup PDF
January 13, 1990 49 29 13 Gallup PDF

In 1989

Last day
of survey
LPC PC NDP Other Polling firm Sample ME Source
December 18, 1989 36 36 26 2 Sorecom 936 ± 3.1 PDF
November 19, 1989 35 40 23 3 Sorecom 1,018 ± 3.0 PDF
November 11, 1989 42 41 Gallup [37]
October 22, 1989 35 37 24 3 Sorecom 1,005 PDF
Quebec general election (September 25, 1989)
September 9, 1989 51 32 15 2 Gallup [39]
August 26, 1989 30 38 30 Sorecom 1,000 PDF
July 8, 1989 36 44 16 4 Gallup [40]
June 26, 1989 36 37 25 Sorecom 940 PDF
June 21, 1989 49 36 14 Environics [41]
June 18, 1989 40 29 23 7 CROP 1,004 PDF
May 30, 1989 39 35 25 Sorécom 986 PDF
May 25, 1989 40 32 26 22 CROP 1,001 ± 3.0 PDF
April 30, 1989 29 44 25 Sorécom 993 PDF
March 25, 1989 33 46 19 Environics [44]
March 21, 1989 50 28 18 5 CROP PDF
Election 1988 30.3 52.7 14.4 2.6

In Ontario

Evolution of voting intentions in Ontario
center
Last day
of survey
LPC Reform PC NDP Other Polling firm Sample ME Source
Voting results 52.9 20.1 17.6 6.0 3.4
October 20, 1993 56 21 18 3 3 Gallup PDF
October 20, 1993 55 18 19 7 1 Angus Reid ± 4.0 [1]
October 14, 1993 51 19 22 7 1 Comquest PDF
October 6, 1993 48 20 24 Angus Reid ± 4.5 [2]
September 23, 1993 44 13 31 8 Gallup PDF
September 23, 1993 50 27 4 Léger PDF
September 22, 1993 46 12 34 6 CROP PDF
September 9, 1993 45 11 34 8 2 Angus Reid [4]
Official call of federal elections (September 8, 1993)
September 3, 1993 37 13 38 10 2 Environics [3]
July 13, 1993 50 9 31 8 Gallup PDF
April 17, 1993 47 10 34 9 0 Gallup 1,040 PDF
November 16, 1992 53 11 22 14 Gallup PDF
May 26, 1992 45 12 21 20 2 Angus Reid [10]
February 5, 1992 45 14 14 25 2 Angus Reid [11]
June 8, 1991 45 18 14 21 2 Gallup [14]
May 7, 1991 37 17 15 12 Angus Reid [47]
May 4, 1991 39 13 15 32 1 Gallup [17]
March 9, 1991 40 17 38 Gallup [48]
February 9, 1991 34 6 16 42 2 Gallup [19]
January 5, 1991 30 3 8 56 Gallup [21]
November 19, 1990 32 8 12 43 5 Environics [24]
The NDP led by Bob Rae wins a majority government (September 6, 1990)
August 11, 1990 54 18 25 Gallup [28]
July 14, 1990 61 15 22 Gallup PDF
May 5, 1990 52 16 25 Gallup [31]
April 7, 1990 54 13 27 Gallup [32]
February 10, 1990 56 17 26 Gallup [35]
December 21, 1989 48 19 30 Angus Reid [36]
November 11, 1989 50 23 24 Gallup [37]
October 5, 1989 46 36 13 Gallup [38]
September 9, 1989 47 27 24 Gallup [39]
June 21, 1989 40 31 27 Environics [41]
March 25, 1989 38 34 25 Environics [44]
Election 1988 38.9 38.2 20.1 2.8

In the Prairies

Evolution of voting intentions in Prairies (Manitoba and Saskatchewan)
Last day
of survey
LPC Reform PC NDP Other Polling firm Sample ME Source
October 20, 1993 43 22 19 13 3 Angus Reid ± 7.0 [1]
October 14, 1993 55 16 15 15 0 Comquest ± 9.3 PDF
October 6, 1993 34 20 21 21 Angus Reid ± 10.0 [2]
January 30, 1993 38 4 35 Angus Reid ± 9.5 [8]

In Alberta

Evolution of voting intentions in Alberta
Last day
of survey
LPC Reform PC NDP Other Polling firm Sample ME Source
Voting results 25.1 52.3 14.6 4.1 3.9
October 20, 1993 30 46 18 4 3 Angus Reid ± 4.5 [1]
October 14, 1993 30 41 24 Comquest ± 8.4 PDF
October 6, 1993 25 45 21 Angus Reid ± 6.0 [2]
September 22, 1993 25 30 35 CROP PDF
Official call of federal elections (September 8, 1993)
September 3, 1993 24 25 41 9 2 Environics [3]
August 5, 1993 33 24 35 Angus Reid PDF
January 30, 1993 39 21 22 Angus Reid ± 9.0 [8]
Election 1988 13.7 15.4 51.8 17.4 1.7

In British Columbia

Evolution of voting intentions in British Columbia
Last day
of survey
LPC Reform PC NDP Other Polling firm Sample ME Source
Voting results 28.1 36.4 13.5 15.5 6.5
October 20, 1993 29 34 16 15 5 Gallup PDF
October 20, 1993 33 33 15 16 2 Angus Reid ± 4.5 [1]
October 14, 1993 31 26 25 13 5 Comquest ± 5.9 PDF
October 6, 1993 24 36 19 13 Angus Reid ± 4.5 [2]
September 25, 1993 30 30 24 13 Gallup PDF
September 23, 1993 17 32 30 Léger PDF
September 22, 1993 17 29 26 CROP PDF
Official call of federal elections (September 8, 1993)
August 16, 1993 35 15 29 17 4 Gallup PDF
August 5, 1993 35 28 Angus Reid PDF
July 13, 1993 37 13 39 8 3 Gallup PDF
April 17, 1993 36 20 19 Gallup 1,040 PDF
January 30, 1993 38 14 27 Angus Reid ± 8.0 [8]
May 26, 1992 30 20 16 29 5 Angus Reid [10]
February 5, 1992 34 25 7 33 1 Angus Reid [11]
June 8, 1991 22 20 18 34 6 Gallup [14]
May 7, 1991 30 30 Angus Reid [47]
March 9, 1991 30 14 18 38 0 Gallup [48]
February 9, 1991 24 15 15 44 2 Gallup [48]
August 11, 1990 37 17 28 Gallup [49][54]
July 14, 1990 38 20 8 33 1 Gallup PDF
May 5, 1990 32 11 50 Gallup [31]
February 10, 1990 23 4 22 46 5 Gallup [50]
November 11, 1989 25 16 45 14 Gallup [37]
October 5, 1989 29 26 42 3 Gallup [38]
Election 1988 20.4 4.8 35.3 37.0 2.5

Notes

References

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