PG 1011−040
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| PG 1011−040 | |
|---|---|
 PG 1011−040 as imaged by Legacy Surveys | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Sextans |
| Right ascension | 10h 14m 20.67s[1] |
| Declination | −04° 18′ 40.26″[1] |
| Redshift | 0.058314[1] |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 17,482 km/s ± 45[1] |
| Distance | 822 Mly |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 15.5 |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 15.49 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | SB(r)b: pec Sy1[1] |
| Size | ~223,200 ly (68.42 kpc) (estimated)[1] |
| Other designations | |
| 6dF J1014207−041841, HE 1011−0403, PGC 29863, 1AXG J101420−0418[1] | |
PG 1011−040 is a Seyfert type 1 galaxy and a radio-quiet quasar[2] located in the constellation of Sextans. The redshift of the galaxy is (z) 0.058[1][3] and it was first discovered by astronomers in June 1983 who were conducting the Palomar Quasar Survey (PG).[4]
PG 1011−040 is categorized as a narrow-line Seyfert galaxy with weak X-ray source and a total luminosity of 6.3 × 1041 erg s−1.[5] Its host is classified to be a barred spiral galaxy of type SBb with a disk appearance, peculiar inner ring structures and presence of spiral arms.[6][7] The supermassive black hole mass of the galaxy is estimated to be 7.43 M☉ and the total star formation rate of the galaxy is 4.82 M☉ per year.[8] The stellar mass of the galaxy is estimated to be 10.31 M☉.[9]
The radio source is found compact. When imaged with Very Large Array (VLA), it appears to show a marginal elongation towards the direction of northwest with a presence of a radio core containing a flat radio spectrum. There are also weak extensions shown, hinting either radio emission from the lobes or even a jet on sub-arcsecond scales.[8] A slightly extended structure is found based on radio imaging made by VLA with the total flux density of 0.38 mJy.[10] There is also a bit of extended bipolar emission in mainly the southwest and northeast sides made by hinting the active galactic nucleus of PG 1011−040 is responsible for the emission production.[11]
A study published in 2021, found PG 1011−040 has presence of molecular gas. When observed, its carbon monoxide morphology is split into a simple bulge component which in turn, is surrounded by a clumpy structure that is ring-like in appearance.[12] A study in August 2022, has found five star-forming regions mainly located within its ring structure with a stellar bar feature shown penetrating through its nuclear region from the ring structure.[13]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "NED Search results for PG 1011-40". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2025-12-14.
- ↑ Gulati, Sanna; Silpa, S.; Kharb, P.; Ho, Luis C.; Ghosh, S.; Baghel, J. (2025-12-01). "Probing the Low-radio-frequency Emission in PG Quasars with the uGMRT. II". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 281 (2): 56. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ae1604. ISSN 0067-0049.
- ↑ Shangguan, Jinyi; Ho, Luis C.; Bauer, Franz E.; Wang, Ran; Treister, Ezequiel (2020-02-20). "An ALMA CO(2–1) Survey of Nearby Palomar–Green Quasars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 247 (1): 15. arXiv:1912.00085. Bibcode:2020ApJS..247...15S. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ab5db2. ISSN 0067-0049.
- ↑ Schmidt, M.; Green, R. F. (June 1983). "Quasar evolution derived from the Palomar bright quasar survey and other complete quasar surveys". The Astrophysical Journal. 269: 352–374. Bibcode:1983ApJ...269..352S. doi:10.1086/161048. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Véron-Cetty, M.-P.; Véron, P.; Gonçalves, A. C. (June 2001). "A spectrophotometric atlas of Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 372 (3): 730–754. arXiv:astro-ph/0104151. Bibcode:2001A&A...372..730V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010489. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ↑ Ohta, Kouji; Aoki, Kentaro; Kawaguchi, Toshihiro; Kiuchi, Gaku (March 2007). "A Bar Fuels a Supermassive Black Hole?: Host Galaxies of Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 169 (1): 1–20. arXiv:astro-ph/0610355. Bibcode:2007ApJS..169....1O. doi:10.1086/510204. ISSN 0067-0049. Archived from the original on 2025-03-25.
- ↑ S., Silpa; P., Kharb; C., Ho, L.; H., Ishwara-Chandra, C.; E., Jarvis, M.; C., Harrison (December 2020). "Probing the origin of low-frequency radio emission in PG quasars with the uGMRT - I". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 499 (4): 5826–5839. arXiv:2009.12264. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2970. ISSN 0035-8711.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - 1 2 S., Silpa; Kharb, P.; Ho, Luis C.; Harrison, C. M. (2023-11-01). "Probing the Interplay between Jets, Winds, and Multi-phase Gas in 11 Radio-quiet PG Quasars: A uGMRT-VLA Study". The Astrophysical Journal. 958 (1): 47. arXiv:2301.07929. Bibcode:2023ApJ...958...47S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acf7c9. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Xie, Yanxia; Ho, Luis C.; Zhuang, Ming-Yang; Shangguan, Jinyi (2021-04-01). "The Infrared Emission and Vigorous Star Formation of Low-redshift Quasars". The Astrophysical Journal. 910 (2): 124. arXiv:2102.02695. Bibcode:2021ApJ...910..124X. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abe404. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Chen, S; Järvelä, E; Crepaldi, L; Zhou, M; Ciroi, S; Berton, M; Kharb, P; Foschini, L; Gu, M; La Mura, G; Vietri, A (2020-08-24). "Radio morphology of southern narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies with Very Large Array observations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 498 (1): 1278–1297. arXiv:2006.01700. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2373. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ↑ Yang, Xiaolong; Yao, Su; Yang, Jun; Ho, Luis C.; An, Tao; Wang, Ran; Baan, Willem A.; Gu, Minfeng; Liu, Xiang; Yang, Xiaofeng; Joshi, Ravi (2020-12-01). "Radio Activity of Supermassive Black Holes with Extremely High Accretion Rates". The Astrophysical Journal. 904 (2): 200. arXiv:2007.11327. Bibcode:2020ApJ...904..200Y. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abb775. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Molina, Juan; Wang, Ran; Shangguan, Jinyi; Ho, Luis C.; Bauer, Franz E.; Treister, Ezequiel; Shao, Yali (2021-02-01). "Compact Molecular Gas Distribution in Quasar Host Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 908 (2): 231. arXiv:2101.00764. Bibcode:2021ApJ...908..231M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abd7f6. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Molina, Juan; Ho, Luis C.; Wang, Ran; Shangguan, Jinyi; Bauer, Franz E.; Treister, Ezequiel; Zhuang, Ming-Yang; Ricci, Claudio; Bian, Fuyan (2022-08-01). "Ionized Outflows in Nearby Quasars Are Poorly Coupled to Their Host Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 935 (2): 72. arXiv:2206.13189. Bibcode:2022ApJ...935...72M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac7d4d. ISSN 0004-637X.
