Peptostreptococcaceae
Family of bacteria
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Peptostreptococcaceae is a family of Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria in the class Clostridia. A majority of members are identified as obligate anaerobes. The bacteria can be found in humans, vertebrates, manure, soil and hydrothermal vents. Peptostreptococcaceae metabolize via fermentation producing a variety of short-chain fatty acids.[2] The bacteria are important in the digestion process of many ruminants, and in the oral health of vertebrates. Shape of the bacteria varies from cocci, rods or filaments, among species. Most strains fall within the size of 0.6-0.9 μm.[2]
| Peptostreptococcaceae | |
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Kingdom: | Bacillati |
| Phylum: | Bacillota |
| Class: | Clostridia |
| Order: | Peptostreptococcales |
| Family: | Peptostreptococcaceae Ezaki 2010[1] |
| Genera | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms | |
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Taxonomy
Origin of nomenclature is derived from the Greek "peptos", meaning digested, and Streptococcus, a bacterial genus name combine to form Peptostreptococcus—the "digesting streptococcus".[2]
The type genus is Peptostreptococcus, originally described by Kluyver and van Niel in 1936.[3] Recent taxonomic revisions have added several other genera like Acetoanaerobium, Filifactor, Proteocatella, Sporacetigenium, and Tepidibacter to this family, with members largely characterized by their morphology and function.[4] More recent studies have also advocated the inclusion of new genera from a closely related clade, including Peptostreptococcus, Asaccharospora, Clostridioides, Intestinibacter, Paeniclostridium, Paraclostridium, Peptacetobacter, Romboutsia, and Terrisporobacter using 16rRNA gene sequences to support the addition.[4]
Gut microbiome
Several members of the Peptostreptococcaceae are well known inhabitants of the digestive tract. Microbiome studies of animal feces have corroborated this. Notably, an unclassified group of Peptostreptococcaceae has been reported making up a significant portion of the microbial community in domestic cats,[5] while other studies have not found a significant presence of Peptostreptococcaceae.[5] Peptostreptococcaceae have been found to be enriched in the gut microbiota of blood drinking species such as vampire bats and the vampire ground finch.[6]
Peptostreptococcus species occupy a specialized niche in the rumen of dairy cows, sheep, and deer as peptide- and amino acid-degrading microorganisms. By producing high levels of ammonia, these bacteria play a crucial role in nitrogen recycling within the rumen ecosystem.[7]
Pathogenesis in humans
Clostridioides difficile is a notable human pathogen in this family. Peptostreptococcaceae have been of interest for several other bowel diseases as biological marker or causative agent. Decreased abundance has been reported for Crohn's disease,[8] while the genus Peptostreptococcus appears to be more common in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer.[9]
Filifactor alocis has been isolated from human oral cavities with gingivitis and is responsible for biofilm formation of periodontitis.[10] An increased abundance of Peptostreptococcus genus can lead to increased risk of acute noma disease and necrotizing gingivitis.[11]
Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[1] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[12]
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