Portal:Bihar
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Portal:Bihar
The Cradle of Empires and Enlightenment
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Introduction
Bihar (/bɪˈhɑːr/) is a state in Eastern India, celebrated as the heart of ancient history. Known in antiquity as Magadha, it was the political powerhouse of the subcontinent for over a thousand years. It is the birthplace of Buddhism and Jainism, and the seat of the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire. From the concept of non-violence (Ahimsa) to the invention of Zero, Bihar has played a pivotal role in civilization.
Government and Administration
Government of Bihar operates under a parliamentary system.
| Position | Incumbent |
|---|---|
| Governor | Rajendra Arlekar |
| Chief Minister | Nitish Kumar |
| Legislature | Bicameral (Vidhan Sabha & Parishad) |
| High Court | Patna High Court |
| Districts | 38 Administrative Districts |
Demographics (2023 Survey)
Key communities based on the 2023 Caste-based Survey:
Visual Journey: Bihar Gallery
Golghar (1786): 19th-century photo of the massive granary.
Ashoka Pillar: Erected by Emperor Ashoka (c. 250 BCE) at Vaishali.
Barabar Caves: Oldest surviving rock-cut cave in India.
Didarganj Yakshi: The 2300-year-old masterpiece of Indian art.
Nalanda University: Ruins of the ancient center of learning.
Mahabodhi Temple: UNESCO site where Buddha attained enlightenment.
Tomb of Sher Shah Suri: The "Taj Mahal of the East" in Sasaram.
Kesaria Stupa: The largest Buddhist stupa in the world.
Takht Sri Patna Sahib: Birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh.
Vishwa Shanti Stupa: Peace Pagoda in Rajgir.
Madhubani Art: Traditional Maithili folk painting.
Chhath: Devotees offering prayers to the setting sun.
Economy and Industry
- Agriculture: Major producers of Shahi Litchi, Makhana (Fox Nut), and Zardalu Mango.
- Industry:
- Barauni Refinery (Oil).
- Rail Wheel Plant at Bela.
- Electric Locomotive Factory at Madhepura.
Festivals of Bihar
Bihar's calendar is defined by its spiritual roots.
- Chhath Puja: The state's most sacred festival dedicated to the Sun God; observed with a rigorous 4-day fast.
- Sonepur Mela: Asia's largest cattle fair, held on Kartik Poornima.
- Sama Chakeva: A winter festival in Mithila celebrating the brother-sister bond.
- Shravani Mela: A massive month-long pilgrimage to Deoghar.
- Makar Sankranti: Harvest festival marked by eating Dahi-Chuda and Tilkut.
Quick Facts
Major Cities
- Patna: Capital & largest metropolis.
- Gaya: Religious hub.
- Muzaffarpur: Litchi production hub.
- Bhagalpur: The "Silk City".
- Darbhanga: Cultural capital of Mithila.
Education
Nalanda University (New Campus)
- Institutes of National Importance: IIT Patna, IIM Bodh Gaya, AIIMS Patna, NIT Patna.
- Universities: Patna University, Chanakya National Law University.
Tourism & Wildlife
- Valmiki National Park: The state's only Tiger Reserve.
- Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary: In Bhagalpur.
- Circuits: Buddhist (Bodh Gaya), Sufi (Maner), Eco (Telhar Kund).
Culinary Heritage
Famous for rustic flavors and the use of mustard oil.
- Litti Chokha: Roasted wheat balls stuffed with sattu, served with mashed vegetables.
- Ahuna Mutton: Meat slow-cooked in sealed earthen pots (Champaran style).
- Khaja: Crispy layered sweet from Silao (GI Tagged).
- Tilkut: Sesame and jaggery sweet famous in Gaya.
- Thekua: Deep-fried wheat cookie essential for Chhath Puja.
- Sattu Sharbat: The "energy drink" of Bihar made from roasted gram flour.
★ AMBASSADOR'S CHOICE ★
Sports
- Kabaddi: Patna Pirates are 3-time champions of Pro Kabaddi League.
- Cricket: Bihar cricket team (Ranji Trophy).
- Venues: Moin-ul-Haq Stadium, Rajgir International Cricket Stadium.
