Providencia rettgeri
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| Providencia rettgeri | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Kingdom: | Pseudomonadati |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Enterobacterales |
| Family: | Morganellaceae |
| Genus: | Providencia |
| Species: | P. rettgeri |
| Binomial name | |
| Providencia rettgeri Rettger 1904 | |
Providencia rettgeri (commonly P. rettgeri), is a Gram negative bacterium that is commonly found in both water and land environments. P. rettgeri is in the genus Providencia, along with Providencia stuartii, Providencia alcalifaciens, and Providencia rustigianii. P. rettgeri can be incubated at 37 °C in nutrient agar or nutrient broth. It was first discovered in 1904 after a waterfowl epidemic.[1] Strains of the species have also been isolated from nematodes of the genus Heterorhabditis.[2] Providencia rettgeri also found in marine environment.[3]
S.I. Paul et al. (2021)[3] isolated, characterized and identified salt tolerant Providencia rettgeri from marine sponge (Niphates erecta) of the Saint Martin's Island Area of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Colony, morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of Providencia rettgeri are shown in the Table below.[3]
| Test type | Test | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Colony characters | Size | Small |
| Type | Round | |
| Color | Opaque | |
| Shape | Convex | |
| Morphological characters | Shape | Rod |
| Physiological characters | Motility | + |
| Growth at 6.5% NaCl | + | |
| Biochemical characters | Gram's staining | – |
| Oxidase | – | |
| Catalase | + | |
| Oxidative-Fermentative | Fermentative | |
| Motility | + | |
| Methyl Red | + | |
| Voges-Proskauer | – | |
| Indole | + | |
| H2S Production | – | |
| Urease | + | |
| Nitrate reductase | + | |
| β-Galactosidase | – | |
| Hydrolysis of | Gelatin | – |
| Aesculin | – | |
| Casein | – | |
| Tween 40 | – | |
| Tween 60 | – | |
| Tween 80 | – | |
| Acid production from | Glycerol | + |
| Galactose | – | |
| D-Glucose | + | |
| D-Fructose | + | |
| D-Mannose | + | |
| Mannitol | + | |
| N-Acetylglucosamine | + | |
| Amygdalin | + | |
| Maltose | + | |
| D-Melibiose | + | |
| D-Trehalose | + | |
| Glycogen | + | |
| D-Turanose | + |
Note: + = Positive, – =Negative
Identification
P. rettgeri can be identified by its motility and its ability to produce acid from mannitol. It does not produce gas from glucose and does not ferment lactose. It also does not produce hydrogen sulfide or acid from xylose.
Pathogenicity
Providencia rettgeri can cause a number of opportunistic infections in humans and can be found in the human gut. It is a major cause of traveller's diarrhea.[4] Strains of P. rettgeri have also been found to cause urinary tract infections[5] and eye infections.[6]
