Psychrobacter

Psychrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, osmotolerant, oxidase-positive, psychrophilic or psychrotolerant, aerobic bacteria which belong to the family Moraxellaceae and the class Gammaproteobacteria.^[1][2][3][4] The shape is typically cocci or coccobacilli.^[5] Some of those bacteria were isolated from humans and can cause humans infections such as endocarditis and peritonitis.^[6][7] This genus of bacteria is able to grow at temperatures between −10 and 42 °C.^[8] Rudi Rossau found through DNA-rRNA hybridization analysis that Psychrobacter belongs to the Moraxellaceae.^[9] The first species (Psychrobacter immobilis) was described by Juni and Heym.^[10] Psychrobacter occur in wide range of moist, cold saline habitats,^[8][11] but they also occur in warm and slightly saline habitats.^[4][12]

Hypoacylated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Psychrobacter cryohalolentis and Psychrobacter arcticus induces moderate TLR4-mediated inflammatory response in macrophages and such LPS bioactivity may potentially result in the failure of local and systemic bacterial clearance in patients.^[13]

Species include:^[1]