Rawalpindi Ring Road

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Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area, consisting of the twin cities of Islamabad & Rawalpindi, is the third largest populated metropolitan area in Pakistan.^[7] The twin cities are connected to the major economic centers of Pakistan through N-5 National Highway, an important bottleneck on the route of the national highway is the main city area of Rawalpindi, the Rawalpindi Ring Road, also known as the R3 project, was initiated to ease the flow of traffic. The project is planned to have five interchanges at Banth, Chak Beli Khan, Adyala road, Chakri road, and Thallian.^[8] The project is estimated to cost PKR 39 billion out of which PKR 6 billion has been planned for land acquisition.^[9]

In 2018, a fresh Project concept (PC-1) feasibility report was undertaken by the Punjab Government, due to the previously conducted feasibility reports deemed old. In April 2021, the bidding process was put on hold and Prime Minister Imran Khan ordered an inquiry into the alleged route change of the project to benefit private housing schemes and government officials.^[10] The country's top anti graft body NAB also took notice of the alleged scam and initiated an inquiry.^[11] The main opposition party called for the removal of Chief Minister Usman Buzdar, Special Assistant to Prime Minister Zulfi Bukhari and Federal Aviation minister Ghulam Sarwar Khan as the main beneficiaries of the scam.

Special Assistant to Prime Minister on Overseas Pakistani's and Human Resource Development, Zulfi Bhukari, resigned on 17 May from his position, citing the allegation of scam against him.^[12]