Scandoromani
Para-Romani dialect spoken by the Romanisael
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Scandoromani is a Para-Romani dialect spoken by the Romanisael, a subgroup of the Romani people in Norway (c. 100–150 elderly Scandoromani speakers),[1] and Sweden.
| Scandoromani | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Norway, Sweden, Denmark |
Native speakers | c. 100–150 (2014)[1] Speakers mostly elderly. More people speak Swedish with some Roma vocabulary.[1] |
| Official status | |
Official language in | recognised minority language in Norway (1993) Sweden (1999) |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:rmg – Traveller Norwegianrmu – Tavringer Romani (Sweden)rmd – Traveller Danish |
| Glottolog | trav1236 Norwegiantavr1235 Swedishtrav1237 Danish |
Subforms are referred to as:
- The Norwegian Romani language or Traveller Norwegian (tavringens rakripa, lit. 'Traveller's language'),[2][3] Norwegian: romani or norsk romani (Norwegian Romani), in Norway (the Romani language of the Norwegian Roma is referred to as romanes in Norwegian);
- The Swedish Romani language or Tavringer Romani,[4] Traveller Swedish or Tattare,[5] Swedish: svensk romani (Swedish Romani), in Sweden;
- Traveller Danish † in Denmark.[6]
Like Angloromani in Britain and Caló in Spain, Scandoromani draws upon a vocabulary of inflected Romani. Much of the original Romani grammar, however, has been lost to the users, and they now communicate in Swedish or Norwegian grammar.
There is no standardised form of Scandoromani, so variations exist in vocabulary, pronunciation, and usage, depending on the speaker. In print, Scandoromani words are often written with Swedish (S) or Norwegian (N) letters (ä, æ, ø, å) and letter combinations to represent Romani sounds, e.g., tj- (/ɕ/) or kj- (/ç/ alt. /tʃ/) to represent the Romani č /tʃ/ and čh /tʃʰ/. Some examples of Scandoromani variant spellings are: tjuro[7] (S) / kjuro[2] (N) 'knife'; gräj[7] (S) / grei[2] (N) 'horse'.