SS Clan Fraser (1938)

Clan Fraser was one of the Clan Line's Cameron-class steamships, built by the Greenock & Grangemouth Dockyard Co Ltd, Greenock^[1] and launched on 20 December 1938^[2] and completed in February 1939.^[1] She was registered in Glasgow.^[1]

Fraser had 20 corrugated furnaces with a combined grate area of 402 square feet (37 m²). They heated five single-ended boilers with a combined heating surface of 17,780 square feet (1,652 m²). These supplied steam at 220 lb_f/in² to a pair of three-cylinder steam triple expansion engines. Exhaust steam from each engine's low-pressure cylinder fed one of a pair of low pressure steam turbines.^[1] All the engines were built by JG Kincaid & Co of Greenock.^[1] The combined power output of this plant was rated at 1,043 NHP.^[1] She was propelled by twin screws,^[1] each driven by one triple-expansion engine and one turbine.

Clan Fraser sailed independently for the first year of the Second World War. She worked between the Indian sub-continent, southern Africa, Australia, Britain and the Mediterranean without being part of a convoy^[6] until 5 September 1940, when she sailed carrying general cargo from the Firth of Clyde to Methil with Convoy WN 13.^[7] At the end of the month she returned from Methil to the Clyde with Convoy OB 222.^[8]

Clan Fraser was one of the three fast merchant ships that took part in Operation Collar, a convoy to supply Malta and Alexandria. An attempt by Italian forces to intercept the ships led to the Battle of Cape Spartivento, after which Clan Fraser and her sister Clan Forbes continued on to Malta.

Clan Fraser and Clan Forbes returned to Gibraltar in Convoy MG 1,^[9] and Fraser continued to the Clyde under escort.^[6] She then resumed independent sailing, first to South Africa and then via the Indian Ocean to Aden. There she joined Convoy BN 21 to Suez carrying a cargo of stores.^[10] She passed through the Suez Canal. At Port Saïd, carrying a cargo of munitions, she joined Convoy ANF 24, with which she reached the Port of Piraeus in Greece on 4 April.^[11]

On 6 April 1941 German forces invaded Greece and Luftwaffe Junkers Ju 88 bombers led by Hans-Joachim 'Hajo' Herrmann attacked shipping in Piraeus. Clan Fraser was in port still unloading her arms and 200 tons of TNT. At 0315 hrs she was hit and destroyed when her TNT exploded.^[12] She sank in the harbour, with six killed and nine wounded.^[2] Her Master, J.H. Giles, was among the survivors.^[2] The shock of the blast was felt 15 miles (24 km) away in Athens, where doors were blown in; and in Psihiko, where windows were shattered.^[12] White hot débris detonated ΤΝΤ in other nearby ships, setting them and buildings ashore on fire.^[12] By morning the port had been severely damaged.^[12]