Same-sex marriage in Alagoas
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Stable unions (Portuguese: união estável, Brazilian Portuguese: [uniˈɐ̃w̃ isˈtavew]) have been legally performed and recognized nationwide, including in Alagoas, since May 2011 in accordance with a ruling from the Supreme Federal Court.[3] In ADI 4277 and ADPF 132, the court ruled that same-sex couples must be allowed to legally register their relationships. The decision was approved 10–0; one judge abstained because he had previously spoken publicly in favor of same-sex unions when he was attorney general. The ruling resulted in stable unions for same-sex couples having the same financial and legal rights enjoyed by those in opposite-sex relationships. Stable unions of same-sex couples are guaranteed similar rights as marriages, including adoption, welfare benefits, pension, inheritance tax, income tax, social security, health benefits, immigration, joint property ownership, hospital and prison visitation, in vitro fertilisation and surrogacy.[4]
On 6 December 2011, Judge James Magalhães de Medeiros of the General Judicial Inspectorate (Corregedoria Geral da Justiça)—a supervisory body within the state court system responsible for overseeing the proper functioning of the judiciary's administrative and auxiliary services, particularly in first-instance courts (i.e. trial courts) and registry services (such as marriages and births)—instructed the state's civil registry offices to process marriage applications from same-sex couples in an identical manner to opposite-sex couples.[5][6][7][8] The decision, known as "Provision N° 40", came into effect upon publication the following day,[8] making Alagoas the first state to open marriage to same-sex couples.[9][10] The first same-sex marriage in Alagoas occurred on 17 January 2012 for a couple who had been together for almost 25 years. Previously, a lesbian couple had been able to have their stable union converted into a marriage by a judge in Maceió in July 2011.[11]
Marriage statistics
According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, 839 same-sex marriages had taken place in Alagoas between 2013 and 2024.
| Year | Same-sex marriages | Opposite-sex marriages |
Total marriages |
% same-sex | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | Total | ||||
| 2013 | 14 | 3 | 17 | 16,032 | 16,049 | 0.11% |
| 2014 | 15 | 3 | 18 | 17,532 | 17,550 | 0.10% |
| 2015 | 29 | 19 | 48 | 18,001 | 18,049 | 0.27% |
| 2016 | 20 | 12 | 32 | 15,757 | 15,789 | 0.20% |
| 2017 | 34 | 10 | 44 | 14,703 | 14,747 | 0.30% |
| 2018 | 56 | 39 | 95 | 15,001 | 15,096 | 0.63% |
| 2019 | 53 | 25 | 88 | 15,096 | 15,184 | 0.58% |
| 2020 | 48 | 28 | 76 | 10,577 | 10,633 | 0.71% |
| 2021 | 94 | 45 | 139 | 13,755 | 13,894 | 1.0% |
| 2022 | 56 | 27 | 83 | 12,963 | 13,046 | 0.64% |
| 2023 | 56 | 25 | 81 | 14,160 | 14,241 | 0.57% |
| 2024 | 75 | 43 | 118 | 13,582 | 13,700 | 0.86% |
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