Shelley Winters

1940–1946: Broadway debut and early films

Winters made her Broadway debut in The Night Before Christmas (1941) which had a short run. She had a small part in Rosalinda, an adaptation of Die Fledermaus (1942–44) which ran for 611 performances. As Fifi in that show she drew the attention of Harry Cohn who noticed her attractiveness and comedic flare. He invited her to do a test, gave her a $150.00 contract, which led to her role in What a Woman! (1943), saying to Rosalind Russell: “You can’t go in there now, miss.”^[17][12] Meanwhile, Winters first received acclaim when she joined the cast of Oklahoma! in the role of Ado Annie, replacing Celeste Holm.^[20]

She received a long-term contract at Columbia and moved to Los Angeles. Winters' first film appearance was an uncredited bit in There's Something About a Soldier (1943) at Columbia. She had another small bit in What a Woman! (1943) but a bigger part in a B movie, Sailor's Holiday (1944).^[21] Winters was borrowed by the Producers Releasing Corporation for Knickerbocker Holiday (1944). Columbia put her in small bits in She's a Soldier Too (1944), Dancing in Manhattan (1944), Together Again (1944), Tonight and Every Night (1945), Escape in the Fog (1945), A Thousand and One Nights (1945), and The Fighting Guardsman (1946).^[21] Winters had bit parts in MGM's Two Smart People (1946), and a series of films for United Artists: Susie Steps Out (1946), Abie's Irish Rose (1946) and New Orleans (1947). She had bit parts in Living in a Big Way (1947) and Killer McCoy (1947) at MGM, The Gangster (1947) for King Brothers Productions and Red River (1948).^[20] She played Brenda Martingale in Siodmak's Cry of the City (1948).

1947–1954: Breakthrough and acclaim

Winters first achieved stardom with her breakout performance as the victim of insane actor Tony John played by Ronald Colman in George Cukor's A Double Life (1947). It was distributed by Universal, which signed Winters to a long-term contract. She had a supporting role in Larceny (1948) then 20th Century Fox borrowed her for Cry of the City (1948). Winters was second-billed in Johnny Stool Pigeon (1949) with Howard Duff, and Take One False Step (1949) with William Powell. Paramount borrowed her to play Myrtle in The Great Gatsby (1949) with Alan Ladd. Back at Universal she was in Winchester 73 (1950), opposite James Stewart, a huge hit. Universal gave Winters top billing in South Sea Sinner (1950). She co-starred with Joel McCrea in Frenchie (1950).^[22][23]

Winters originally broke into Hollywood films as a blonde bombshell type, but quickly tired of the role's limitations. She claims to have washed off her make-up to audition for the role of Alice Tripp, the factory girl, in A Place in the Sun, directed by George Stevens, now a landmark American film.

As the Associated Press reported, the general public was unaware of how serious a craftswoman Winters was. "Although she was in demand as a character actress, Winters continued to study her craft. She attended Charles Laughton's Shakespeare classes as well as the Hollywood Studio Club in Los Angeles and later studied and worked at the Method actors' haven Actors Studio in New York, both as student, moderator and teacher."^[24][12] While studying with Lee Strasberg at the Actors' Studio, she worked towards gaining the ability to reveal her inner self, to act with her scars. According to Winters, in order to get the best performance, one had to fight for it. She left Hollywood for Broadway and did not go back until 1959, when she had found her truer self.^[25] Lee Strasberg called Winters the actor of her generation; she could use his Method the most accurately.^[26] Winters also taught at the Circle in the Square and at colleges like Barnard. "UCLA has offered me a professorship -- not a full one -- and I never even finished high school!"^[27]

While on a publicity tour in 1950, she visited the two-year-old State of Israel. Also in the early 1950s, Winters rejected a trip to Germany to film the exterior scenes of the movie I Am a Camera. It reminded her too much of her uncle Yaekel who survived the Holocaust and his subsequent fruitless search for his family. A double was used in her place for the scenes needed to be shot in Germany. ^[13]

Her performance in A Place in the Sun (1951), a departure from the sexpot image that her studio, Universal Pictures, was grooming her for at the time, brought Winters her first acclaim, earning her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Winters went to United Artists for He Ran All the Way (1951) with John Garfield and RKO for Behave Yourself! (1951) with Farley Granger. Still in her blonde bombshell era, Winters was depicted on the film poster of Behave Yourself by pinup illustrator Alberto Vargas.^[12] She was top-billed in The Raging Tide (1951) at Universal. She was loaned to 20th Century Fox for Phone Call from a Stranger (1952), with Bette Davis.

At Universal she did Meet Danny Wilson (1952) with Frank Sinatra and Untamed Frontier (1952) with Joseph Cotten. She went to MGM for My Man and I (1952) with Ricardo Montalbán. She performed in A Streetcar Named Desire on stage in Los Angeles.^[28] Winters took some time off for the birth of her first child in 1953. She made her TV debut in "Mantrap" for The Ford Television Theatre in 1954. At MGM, she did Executive Suite (1954) and Tennessee Champ (1954), top-billed in the latter. Winters returned to Universal to appear in Saskatchewan (1954), shot on location in Canada with Alan Ladd and Playgirl (1954) with Barry Sullivan. She appeared in a TV version of Sorry, Wrong Number.^[29]

Winters traveled to Europe to make Mambo (1954) with Vittorio Gassman who became her husband. She then shot Cash on Delivery (1954) in England.^[30] Winters performed in a version of The Women for Producers' Showcase then had a key role in I Am a Camera (1955) starring opposite Julie Harris and Laurence Harvey. Even more highly acclaimed was Charles Laughton's 1955 Night of the Hunter with Robert Mitchum and Lillian Gish. At Warner Bros, Winters was Jack Palance's leading lady in I Died a Thousand Times (1955), then for RKO she co starred with Rory Calhoun in The Treasure of Pancho Villa (1955). She was in The Big Knife (1955) for Robert Aldrich.^[31]

1955–1969: Establishment

Winters returned to Broadway in A Hatful of Rain, in 1955–1956, opposite Ben Gazzara and future husband Anthony Franciosa. It ran for 398 performances.^[32][33] Girls of Summer (1956–57) was directed by Jack Garfein and co-starred George Peppard but only ran for 56 performances. On TV she reprised her Double Life performance in The Alcoa Hour in 1957. She appeared in episodes of The United States Steel Hour, Climax!, Wagon Train, Schlitz Playhouse, The DuPont Show of the Month, and Kraft Theatre.

In 1960, she won a Best Supporting Actress Oscar for her role as Mrs. Van Daan in George Stevens's film adaptation of The Diary of Anne Frank (1959). As Petronella van Daan, Winters emulated one of eight real-life Jewish refugees in the Netherlands during World War II who spent two years hiding in small attic quarters until they were betrayed and sent to Nazi death camps.^[34] She understood the significance of sharing Anne Frank's tragic story with its tough lessons of cruelty and dignity under duress,^[13] heightening her own awareness of antisemitism and the historic deep rooted past of Jewish suffering.^[13] In preparation for doing this film, the entire cast watched movies taken by the American soldiers who liberated the concentration camps. For Winters, she was never able to read or watch anything related to the Holocaust again.^[13] During the filming, she met Anne’s father, Otto Frank. She promised him that in the event that she won an Oscar for that role, she would donate it to the Anne Frank Museum in Amsterdam.^[13] Making good on her promise Winters donated her award statuette to the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam in 1975.^[35][36] On the last day of shooting for the film, she spoke at an Israel bonds event that evening in Los Angeles. In her memoir she remembers asking the Jewish audience: "Who knows when you or your children or grandchildren will need the country of Israel?"^[13] The event raised millions of dollars.^[13] Winters called The Diary of Anne Frank her most important film. She attended its New York premiere accompanied by Harry Belafonte, Martin Luther King Jr., and their wives.^[37]

Winters was in much demand as a character actor now, getting good roles in Odds Against Tomorrow (1959), Let No Man Write My Epitaph (1960) and The Young Savages (1961). She received excellent reviews for her performance as the man-hungry Charlotte Haze in Stanley Kubrick's Lolita (1962).

Winters returned to Broadway on The Night of the Iguana (1962), playing Bette Davis' role. She performed Off Broadway in Cages by Lewis John Carlino in 1963. Many of her roles now had a sexual component: in The Chapman Report (1962) she played an unfaithful housewife and she played madams in The Balcony (1963) and A House Is Not a Home (1964). She appeared in Wives and Lovers (1963) and episodes of shows such as Alcoa Theatre, Ben Casey, and Thirty-Minute Theatre. Winters was featured in the Italian film Time of Indifference (1964) with Rod Steiger and Claudia Cardinale, and had one of the many cameos in the religious epic The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965), again for George Stevens.

Winters won her second Best Supporting Actress Oscar in A Patch of Blue (1965) for her performance as Rose-Ann D'Arcey, the cruel and vulgar mother of an illiterate blind girl. She had supporting roles opposite Michael Caine in Alfie (1966) and as the fading, alcoholic former starlet Fay Estabrook in Harper (1966). She returned to Broadway in Under the Weather (1966) by Saul Bellow which ran for 12 performances. Winters played "Ma Parker" the villain in Batman. She was in a TV version of The Three Sisters (1966) and had roles in Enter Laughing (1967) for Carl Reiner, Armchair Theatre, Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre (several episodes), The Scalphunters (1968) for Sydney Pollack, Wild in the Streets (1968), Buona Sera, Mrs. Campbell (1968), Arthur? Arthur! (1969), and The Mad Room (1969).

1970–1999: Later roles

Winters played Ma Barker in Bloody Mama (1970) a big hit for Roger Corman. She had roles in How Do I Love Thee? (1970) and Flap (1970) for Carol Reed. She returned to the stage to play Minnie Marx, mother of the Marx Brothers in the Broadway musical Minnie's Boys (1970), which ran for 80 performances. Winters wrote an evening of three one-act plays titled One Night Stands of a Noisy Passenger (1970–1971), which ran for seven performances; the cast included Robert De Niro and Diane Ladd.^[38] Winters had the lead in two horror films, Whoever Slew Auntie Roo? (1971), and What's the Matter with Helen? (1971), and two TV movies, Revenge! (1971), and A Death of Innocence (1971). She had supporting roles in Adventures of Nick Carter (1972) and had a co-starring role in Something to Hide (1972) with Peter Finch. She starred in The Vamp for ITV Sunday Night Theatre. In The Poseidon Adventure (1972), she was the ill-fated Belle Rosen, a Jewish grandmother who dies in the course of a successful attempt to lead her fellow passengers to safely escape the confines of the cruise ship.^[13] For this film she received her final Oscar nomination. She put on weight for the role and never got rid of it.^[32]

Winters was top-billed in The Devil's Daughter (1973) for TV. She had a supporting role in Blume in Love (1973) for Paul Mazursky and Cleopatra Jones (1973) and leading parts in Big Rose: Double Trouble (1974) and The Sex Symbol (1974).^[39] Winters guest-starred on McCloud and Chico and the Man and was seen in Poor Pretty Eddie (1975), That Lucky Touch (1975), Journey Into Fear (1975), Diamonds (1975), Next Stop, Greenwich Village (1976) for Paul Mazursky, The Tenant (1976) for Roman Polanski, Mimì Bluette... fiore del mio giardino (1977) with Monica Vitti, Tentacles (1977), An Average Little Man (1977) with Alberto Sordi, Pete's Dragon (1977), The Initiation of Sarah (1978), and King of the Gypsies (1978).^[40] She starred in a 1978 Broadway production of Paul Zindel's The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds, which only had a short run. Winters starred in the Italian horror film Gran bollito (1977) and played Gladys Presley in Elvis (1979) for TV. She was in The Visitor (1979), City on Fire (1979), The Magician of Lublin (1979) for Menahem Golan, The French Atlantic Affair (1979) and an episode of the ABC series Vega$, with Vega$ star Robert Urich.

Winters' 1980s performances included Looping (1981), S.O.B., episodes of The Love Boat, Sex, Lies and Renaissance (1983), Over the Brooklyn Bridge (1984), Ellie (1984), Déjà Vu (1985), Alice in Wonderland (1985), and The Delta Force (1986). She did The Gingerbread Lady on stage.^[41] She had a starring role in Witchfire (1986) and was credited as executive producer.^[42] She was in Very Close Quarters (1986), Purple People Eater (1988), and An Unremarkable Life (1989).^[43]

In a 1989 interview at NPR, Winters recounts Gloria Steinem's comment about part of her work in film. Steinem noted that films like "Double Life," "A Place In the Sun," and "Night of the Hunter" were all about women who were victims. Steinem thought that these films were laying the groundwork for the women's lib movement. Winters explained that these women she portrayed were fighting against these situations.^[44]

Her final performances included Touch of a Stranger (1990), Stepping Out (1991) with Liza Minnelli, Weep No More, My Lady (1992), The Pickle (1993) for Mazursky, and The Silence of the Hams (1994). Later audiences knew her primarily for her autobiographies and for her television work, in which she usually played a humorous parody of her public persona. In a recurring role in the 1990s, Winters played the title character's grandmother on the sitcom Roseanne. Her final film roles were supporting ones: She played a restaurant owner and mother of an overweight cook in Heavy (1995) with Liv Tyler and Debbie Harry for James Mangold; an aristocrat in The Portrait of a Lady (1996), starring Nicole Kidman and John Malkovich; and an embittered nursing home administrator in 1999's Gideon.^[45] She was in comedies such as Backfire! (1995), Jury Duty (1995), and Mrs. Munck (1995) as well as Raging Angels (1995). Winters made an appearance at the 1998 Academy Awards telecast, which featured a tribute to Oscar winners past and present.

The Associated Press reported: "During her 50 years as a widely known personality, Winters was rarely out of the news. Her stormy marriages, her romances with famous stars, her forays into politics and feminist causes kept her name before the public. She delighted in giving provocative interviews and seemed to have an opinion on everything."^[46] That led to a second career as a writer. Winters became a best-selling author with her memoirs, Shelley, Also Known as Shirley (1980)^[47], Shelley II: The Middle of My Century (1989)^[48] and Shelley Winters: Best of Times, Worst of Times(1990).^[49] In these books she chronicled her life and career, as well as intimate relationships with such Hollywood legends as Errol Flynn, Burt Lancaster, William Holden and Sean Connery. Though not a conventional beauty, she claimed that her acting, wit, and chutzpah gave her a sex life to rival Monroe's. Her claimed partners included William Holden, Sean Connery, Burt Lancaster, Errol Flynn, and Marlon Brando.^[50]

Film

Television

Academy Awards

British Academy Film Awards

Golden Globe Awards

Primetime Emmy Awards