Talk:Stroop effect

Hi everyone! Our names are Carly and Susan, and we are a part of a Cognitive Psychology Class at Davidson College. We are looking to add a section on Cognitive Adaptation to the Stroop effect article.

We are looking at various Peer-reviewed articles to help give us better information on the effects of cognitive adaptation, as well as cognitive control.

Definition and Research of Cognitive Adaptation

Importance of Cognitive Adaptation within Stroop Effect

Congruency Effects

^[1]

^[2]

^[3]

^[4]

Working Memory Capacity with Stroop Interference

Global vs. Local

^[5]

Multiple levels of Cognitive Control with Stroop Interference

^[6]

Brain Activity during a Stroop Task

^[7]

^[8]

Stroop Effect Reviews

^[9]

^[10] — Preceding unsigned comment added by CogCarly (talk • contribs) 22:44, 24 February 2013 (UTC)

Please feel free to let us know if you have any questions! Sudavis (talk) and CogCarly (talk)

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Sudavis (talk • contribs) 03:06, 18 February 2013 (UTC)

I have had access to the Bugg article: it is a 2012 review so it seems a really great source of info for your project.

I have taken the liberty of formatting it as an inline citation here so it is easier to see it.^[1] Additionally searching for the article in pubmed (it does not appear) I have found a related free review article by the same author which you might also be interested in using.^[2]

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Garrondo (talk • contribs) 10:56, 21 February 2013‎

I have multiple problems with your addition to the article, to the point that I had to revert it and move it to the talk page to discuss it and improve it before re-adding it.

I just declined Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Stroop effect. Maybe an experienced editor wants to merge the section into this article. mabdul (public) 11:11, 13 April 2013 (UTC)

Conflict Adaptation

Cognitive control plays a vital role in thinking, planning, and everyday life decisions in order to meet individual goals.^[1]. Anything that reduces interference when an incongruent stimulus occurs immediately after an incongruent trial rather than a congruent trial, refers to conflict adaptation, also known as cognitive control^[2] . Cognitive control allows individuals to control all aspects of their thoughts. Using these thought processes individuals either make controlled or automatic decisions in everyday situations. Some of the mechanisms underlying conflict adaptation include top-down processing, bottom-up processing, and priming.

During the Stroop task a word is given an ink color. Individuals use cognitive control to ignore the semantic meaning of the word and simply state its color. There are two types of trials in this task: congruent trials and incongruent trials. A congruent trial is when the meaning of the word and ink color match^[3]. Yet, an incongruent trial is when the meaning of the word and ink color do not match.^[3] This task challenges individuals to differentiate between congruent and incongruent trials also known as the congruency effect.^[3] Cognitive control allows individuals to make these conscious decisions during the Stroop task. Insert power point

Some of the mechanisms underlying conflict adaptation can be explained through top-down processing. During top-down processing individuals are tempted to quickly identify the word instead of the color during the Stroop task because individuals are focused on the overall word rather than the item- specific features (ink color). Researchers have debated whether top-down processing is the only mechanism underlying cognitive control or if there are other mechanisms involved^[4] . It has been concluded that other processes such as bottom-up processing also aid in making decisions, task-related or not^[4] .

Bottom-up processing is when individuals focus on the item-specific features (ink color) of the item (word). Cognitive control also enables individuals to identify item-specific features(ink color) rather than the broad concept of the word.^[4] In a study done by Besner et al., the Stroop effect, or the difference in response times of a congruent and an incongruent trial, decreased when all of the letters except one were uncolored. ^[5]

Today, psychologists often debate whether the Stroop effect results from priming mechanisms or cognitive control. ^[6]

Thanks for your efforts to follow my proposal of centering your work in the conflict adaptation section. I think some of it merits its inclussion in the article. This does not mean is perfect, but it can be improved in the future by other editors. However I still see some problems in your writting, mainly derived from essay-cism in writting. This is not an essay but an encyclopedia, so writting usually has to be concise and to the point. There are also some redundancies with info already in the article. I am going to copy here your paragraphs and do some comments on them

Cognitive control plays a vital role in thinking, planning, and everyday life decisions in order to meet individual goals.^[1]. This is vague and also hard to understand out of context. Also not really related to the stroop effect. I would eliminate it.

Anything that reduces interference when an incongruent stimulus occurs immediately after an incongruent trial rather than a congruent trial, refers to conflict adaptation, also known as cognitive control^[2] .

Cognitive control allows individuals to control all aspects of their thoughts. This is vague. Also not really related to the stroop effect. I would eliminate it.

Using these thought processes individuals either make controlled or automatic decisions in everyday situations. Some of the mechanisms underlying conflict adaptation include top-down processing, bottom-up processing, and priming.^{[citation needed]}

During the Stroop task a word is given an ink color. Individuals use cognitive control to ignore the semantic meaning of the word and simply state its color. There are two types of trials in this task: congruent trials and incongruent trials. A congruent trial is when the meaning of the word and ink color match^[3]. Yet, an incongruent trial is when the meaning of the word and ink color do not match.^[3] All this info is already in article. No point in repeating it

This task challenges individuals to differentiate between congruent and incongruent trials also known as the congruency effect.^[3] Imposrtant sentence. I am not English but I believe wording/grammar can be improved

Cognitive control allows individuals to make these conscious decisions during the Stroop task.^{[citation needed]} Quite vague. I would elaborate this further since it is the most improtant piece of info in your addition.

Insert power point ???

Some of the mechanisms underlying conflict adaptation can be explained through top-down processing. During top-down processing individuals are tempted to quickly identify the word instead of the color during the Stroop task because individuals are focused on the overall word rather than the item- specific features (ink color). Researchers have debated whether top-down processing is the only mechanism underlying cognitive control or if there are other mechanisms involved^[4] . It has been concluded that other processes such as bottom-up processing also aid in making decisions, task-related or not^[4] . Bottom-up processing is when individuals focus on the item-specific features (ink color) of the item (word). Cognitive control also enables individuals to identify item-specific features(ink color) rather than the broad concept of the word.^[4] Good section. Net improvement to the article.

In a study done by Besner et al., the Stroop effect, or the difference in response times of a congruent and an incongruent trial, decreased when all of the letters except one were uncolored. ^[5] Unneeded primary description. Therer 1800 articles on the stroop effect. Unless you find a review to indicate this article is important it should be left aside. We cannot decide if it is important or not.

Today, psychologists often debate whether the Stroop effect results from priming mechanisms or cognitive control. ^[6] Also important and interesting, but a bit vague and short. I would elaborate more this paragraph.

I do not have much time to comment. I hope this serves as guidelines to further improve the article.

--Garrondo (talk) 07:31, 16 April 2013 (UTC)

Hi Garrondo, we really appreciate all of your feedback on our project. Because this is a work in progress, we are now working on it in our sandbox. We will put our final draft on the talk page of the Stroop effect this Friday. Thanks, Sudavis (talk)sudavis and Sudavis (talk)cogcarly —Preceding undated comment added 22:03, 16 April 2013 (UTC)

Hi Garrando, Susan and I have submitted our final cognitive control section below. We worked extremely hard on this and we hope that it is an improvement. We wanted to leave it on the talk page so if you feel comfortable you can add it the Stroop Effect page. We greatly appreciate all of your input and feedback. Again, thank you for your time and effort in helping us make this addition the best it could be. CogCarly (talk)CogCarly

Hi Susan and CogCarly:

I certainly see that this version is quite better than any other you have posted, and references and style have been improved and I really like the two images (although probably a bit redundant and with one would be enough to make the point). Nevertheless it would have been great that you have had some more interaction with me (or other editors) to get the best of it. Moreover, above I pointed several sentences that I was not really sure that fitted in the article and I still see most of them in your final version. I would have been open to discussing them if you had given me any reason for finally including them, but you have not given me the opportunity. In this sense I believe that some work is needed in this version to include it in the article. It would be great if you were interested in doing it with other editors help, but if you are not as your class project is just ending I will try to do it as I have time so all your work improves the article.

Bests.--Garrondo (talk) 07:35, 21 April 2013 (UTC)

Conflict Adaptation

Cognitive control plays a vital role in thinking, planning, and everyday life decisions in order to meet individual goals. Cognitive control allows individuals to selectively attend to a certain task, by ignoring distractions. For example, students use cognitive control when they choose to ignore distracting conversations around them in order to fulfill their chosen task of studying.^{[1] [2]} In the Stroop task, anything that reduces interference when an incongruent trial occurs immediately after another incongruent trial rather than a congruent trial, refers to conflict adaptation, also known as cognitive control^[3] . Individuals use thought processes to make controlled or automatic decisions in their everyday life.^[2] Cognitive control is vital to individuals when automatic processing does not apply.^[1] It is necessary in situations when a task requires selective attention, such as thinking and reasoning, while choosing to ignore other distractions.^[2] Cognitive control enables individuals to carry out tasks to the best of their ability.^[1] Psychologists have discussed top-down processing, bottom-up processing, and priming as some of the mechanisms underlying cognitive control.^{[4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [2]}

During the Stroop task a word is given an ink color. There are two types of trials in this task: congruent trials and incongruent trials. A congruent trial is when the meaning of the word and ink color match.^[9] Yet, an incongruent trial is when the meaning of the word and ink color do not match.^[9] This task challenges individuals to differentiate between congruent and incongruent trials, also known as the congruency effect.^[9] In an incongruent trial, individuals use cognitive control to ignore the semantic meaning of the word and simply state its color. ^[9] Cognitive control allows individuals to make these conscious decisions during the Stroop task. ^[3] The conflict during a specific trial of the Stroop task does not rely solely on the conflict of the preceding trial, but on the average of the multiple trials before.^[8] Therefore, the context of the overall series of trials is significant to the results of the Stroop task.^[8]

Some of the mechanisms underlying conflict adaptation can be explained through top-down processing. During top-down processing individuals are tempted to quickly identify the word instead of the color during the Stroop task because individuals are focused on the word rather than the item-specific features (ink color).^[6] Researchers have debated whether top-down processing is the only mechanism underlying cognitive control or if there are other mechanisms involved.^[6] It has been concluded that other processes such as bottom-up processing also aid in making decisions, task-related or not.^{[6] [2]}

Not only is top-down processing used during the Stroop task, but also stimulus-driven control contributes to an individual’s attention^{[6] [2]} This alternate view of processing shows that cognitive control can have multiple levels.^[6] Stimuli, such as the congruent or incongruent words in the Stroop task, cause this kind of bottom-up control. Bottom-up processing is when individuals focus on the item-specific features (ink color) of the item (word). ^[6] Cognitive control also enables individuals to identify these item-specific features.^[6]

Today, psychologists often debate whether the Stroop effect results from priming mechanisms, also known as the repetitions of congruent trials. ^[7] More specifically, priming is when a certain stimulus influences an individual to believe a similar stimulus will follow. ^{[10] [7]} For example, when an individual sees multiple congruent trials, they often expect the subsequent trial to be congruent as well.

Psychologists are still debating whether automatic or controlled processing, specifically cognitive control, is used in the Stroop task.

References

I have taken a closer look at your last proposal and I see quite important problems which make it quite complicated to integrate it on the article. At this point I do not think my comments above praising your work are valid.

1-The article is on the stroop effect, in which there are certainly mechanisms of cognitive control involved. However, most of your content is generalities related to cognitive control which are not direcly related (nor from your text neither in your sources) to the stroop effect. For example in the first paragraph all sentences but one are not direcly related to the stroop effect and are probably too general for this article (bolded all content only tangentially related to the article):

Cognitive control plays a vital role in thinking, planning, and everyday life decisions in order to meet individual goals. Cognitive control allows individuals to selectively attend to a certain task, by ignoring distractions. For example, students use cognitive control when they choose to ignore distracting conversations around them in order to fulfill their chosen task of studying.^{[1] [2]} In the Stroop task, anything that reduces interference when an incongruent trial occurs immediately after another incongruent trial rather than a congruent trial, refers to conflict adaptation, also known as cognitive control^[3] . Individuals use thought processes to make controlled or automatic decisions in their everyday life.^[2] Cognitive control is vital to individuals when automatic processing does not apply.^[1] It is necessary in situations when a task requires selective attention, such as thinking and reasoning, while choosing to ignore other distractions.^[2] Cognitive control enables individuals to carry out tasks to the best of their ability.^[1] Psychologists have discussed top-down processing, bottom-up processing, and priming as some of the mechanisms underlying cognitive control.^{[4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [2]}

2-Regarding the second paragraph (congruent vs incongruent): as I stated in the previous review most of it adds nothing to the article since the info is already there (bolded info already in the article): During the Stroop task a word is given an ink color. There are two types of trials in this task: congruent trials and incongruent trials. A congruent trial is when the meaning of the word and ink color match.^[9] Yet, an incongruent trial is when the meaning of the word and ink color do not match.^[9] This task challenges individuals to differentiate between congruent and incongruent trials, also known as the congruency effect.^[9] In an incongruent trial, individuals use cognitive control to ignore the semantic meaning of the word and simply state its color. ^[9] Cognitive control allows individuals to make these conscious decisions during the Stroop task. ^[3] The conflict during a specific trial of the Stroop task does not rely solely on the conflict of the preceding trial, but on the average of the multiple trials before.^[8] Therefore, the context of the overall series of trials is significant to the results of the Stroop task.^[8]

3-Regarding paragraphs 3,4 and 5 I am really sorry but I do believe that I know what priming, bottom-up and top down mechanisms are, but yet I am not capable of grasping what is your intended message. Most probably these problems in explaining the concepts and their relationship to the stroop effect come from the sources used, which are all primary and therefore only give a partial view of the mechanisms involved in the stroop effect.

4-Maybe the most important: You mix important concepts that may be related but are not the same, which moreover are at the center of your subject. In this sense: cognitive control IS NOT the same as cognitive adaptation. From my understanding cognitive control is an explanation to the stroop effect, whereas cognitive adaptation is an specific finding in regards of this mechanism and effect. It is an effect inside the stroop effect, or an exception to the stroop effect, since it only says that the congruency effect is reduced when two sequential incrongruent trials are presented. This exception can be explained through cognitive control mechanisms but this does not mean that the two are the same. I believe that you misrepresented the source (Funes) since from a fast look to the abstract at no point does it say that they are the same (Moreover the abstract would in general lines agree with what I just stated).

5-In summary: you have an essay on conflict adaptation on the stroop effect in which 90% of the info is on cognitive control mechanisms unrelated to the stroop effect (which altough you estate the opposite is not the same as conflict adapation). All this problems make it quite hard to include the text as it is in the article.

Some content is potentially interesting but at the moment is not by far at the level needed for inclusion in the article.

--Garrondo (talk) 11:52, 22 April 2013 (UTC)

Mythbusters used the stroop effect test to see if males are cognitively effected by having a pretty woman in the room. The Myth was busted! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 1.136.97.23 (talk) 10:44, 5 June 2015 (UTC)

The comment(s) below were originally left at Talk:Stroop effect/CommentsTalk:Stroop effect/Comments, and are posted here for posterity. Following several discussions in past years, these subpages are now deprecated. The comments may be irrelevant or outdated; if so, please feel free to remove this section.

Last edited at 01:46, 24 November 2008 (UTC). Substituted at 07:10, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

In a previous edit, someone removed the section on the proposed effect of the Hepatitis B vaccine on the Stroop effect (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stroop_effect&oldid=857868206). It was subsequently removed by Goodone121 with reference to the Wikipedia guidelines. I have just removed the section in question again for the following reasons:

Most importantly, the study cited does not warrant the strong conclusion made in this article. The results are based on a sample of only 14 participants, the resulting effect sizes are improbably large (possibly due to publication bias), the study has not been pre-registered and study data is not openly available. The article has been cited five times and none of the citing articles refer to similar findings or replication studies. Therefore, I consider the study to be very weak evidence on scientific grounds and don't think it should be included in the article.

Secondly, -- as far as I understand Wikipedia's guidelines -- references should be secondary literature (e.g. systematic reviews) which can be considered more trustworthy than single studies (in general).

--131.220.249.76 (talk) 13:45, 11 September 2018 (UTC)

Hello. We are editing this page as a part of our class assignment.

Goals include:

• Change the header from Experiment to Original Experiment better describe the content of the paragraph
• Reorganize and clean up language
• Add more about the applications of the stroop test in psychology and link to other pages

Pharmacystudentkm (talk) 21:01, 30 July 2019 (UTC)

Please make sure other group members assign themselves to the page before making their individual edits. Thanks. Health policy (talk) 05:18, 31 July 2019 (UTC)

Peer Review Part 1: The group's edits improve the article as described in the Wikipedia peer review framework. The edited lead for this article gives a good and easy to understand overview of the rest of the article, making it clear what the most important takeaway points are. The group's edits also have clear structure, with information organized into the appropriate headings and with one heading title renamed to better clarify the content presented. The addition of a specific example of the emotional Stroop test being used in modern psychology, while providing important information, throws off the balance of the section. Perhaps it would be better to add specific examples for the Warped words, Spatial, Numerical, and Reverse variations of the test as well. Ultimately, the group has achieved its overall goals for improvement. Lyjanicee (talk) 20:54, 5 August 2019 (UTC)

Peer Review Part 2: The edits remain neutral and are strictly informative without making claims that are negative or positive. Lyjanicee (talk) 20:49, 5 August 2019 (UTC) The points included are verifiable with cited secondary sources that are available freely. Huyha63 (talk) 21:20, 5 August 2019 (UTC) The edits are formatted consistently with Wikipedia's manual of style. Laurafansun (talk) 21:17, 5 August 2019 (UTC) There is no evidence of plagiarism or copyright violation. The information is presented in the author's own words and includes proper citations.

Sharonluong (talk) 21:13, 5 August 2019 (UTC)

This article is about the Stoop Test with only a brief mention of the Stroop Effect. If there is no objection, I propose moving "Stroop effect" to "Stroop test" and having "Stroop effect" redirect to "Stroop test". If there is no objection, I will make the change. Jgkwiatek (talk) 21:59, 14 August 2020 (UTC)

In my opinion, the text box should either be made smaller or removed completely as it is currently affecting the alignment of the text next to it, making the article look sloppy and unprofessional in my opinion. Xboxsponge15 (talk) 12:04, 1 October 2021 (UTC)

Yes, the two custom text boxes don't respond particularly well when the page is resized, or viewed on mobile. I've replaced them with simple captioned images showing the same text in the same colours. Belbury (talk) 18:16, 26 January 2023 (UTC)

It also turns out that both diagrams had been edited away from their originals: the top image by having the same-colour example replaced with a WP:OR monkey/mouse version per this talk thread, the second by having one word erroneously deleted and another changed from blue to black. I also hadn't realised that the ASCII row of 25 separate coloured squares in the second image was meant to be conveying 5 coloured bars.

I've changed the lead image to be a simple demonstration of the Stroop effect showing same/different colours (also adding brown to match the original experiment, and randomising the second list so that the reader can attempt to read the text themselves without the short-term memory advantage of the second sequence being identical to the first), and have updated the second diagram to match the description in the article text. --Belbury (talk) 11:37, 28 January 2023 (UTC)

This article is the subject of an educational assignment at Davidson College supported by WikiProject Psychology and the Wikipedia Ambassador Program during the 2013 Q1 term. Further details are available on the course page.

The above message was substituted from {{WAP assignment}} by PrimeBOT (talk) on 15:57, 2 January 2023 (UTC)