Time in Canada

The National Research Council (NRC) maintains Canada's official time through the use of atomic clocks.^[6] The official time is specified in legislation passed by the individual provinces. In Quebec it is based on coordinated universal time.^[7] The other provinces use mean solar time.^[8][9][10] The NRC provides both coordinated universal time and mean solar time in its signals.^[11] It makes time servers available for direct synchronization with computers. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation aired a daily time signal, the National Research Council Time Signal, beginning 5 November 1939.^[12] The signal was discontinued on 15 October 2023.^[13]

The Government of Canada recommends use of the 24-hour clock (e.g. 00:44), which is widely used in contexts such as transportation schedules, parking meters, and data transmission.^[14] Speakers of Canadian French predominantly use this system, but most Canadian English speakers use the 12-hour clock in everyday speech (e.g. 12:44 am), even when reading from a 24-hour display, similar to the use of the 24-hour clock in the United Kingdom.

• The Yukon Time Zone (UTC−09:00) covered most of Yukon from 1900 until 1966. In 1973, the last portions of Yukon switched to Pacific Time, leaving UTC−09:00 unused in Canada.
• In 1988, Newfoundland observed "double daylight saving time" from 3 April until 30 October, meaning that the time was set ahead by 2 hours.^[17] All of Newfoundland and southern Labrador, which observes UTC−03:30 as its standard time zone, observed UTC−01:30.^[18] This only happened in 1988 and the province now only adjusts its time by one hour for daylight saving time.
• Pacific Standard Time (UTC−08:00) was used in Yukon and most of British Columbia until 2020 and 2026, respectively. Both jurisdictions switched to year-round Pacific Daylight Time (UTC-07:00, equivalent to Mountain Standard Time), leaving UTC−08:00 unused in Canada.

Four Canadian cities, by local ordinance, observed daylight saving time in 1916. Brandon, Manitoba, adopted it on 17 April. It was followed by Winnipeg on 23 April, Halifax on 30 April, and Hamilton, Ontario, on 4 June.^[19] Port Arthur, Ontario, was the first place in the world to introduce it, on 1 July 1908.

Daylight saving time is observed in eight of ten provinces and two of three territories, with exceptions in several provinces and Nunavut. Most of the province of Saskatchewan, despite geographically being in the Mountain Time Zone, observes year-round CST. In 2020, the territory of Yukon abandoned seasonal time change and moved to permanently observing MST year-round.^[20] Under the Constitution of Canada, laws related to timekeeping are a purely provincial matter. In practice, since the late 1960s DST across Canada has been closely or completely synchronized with its observance in the United States to promote consistent economic and social interaction. When the United States extended DST in 1987 to the first Sunday in April, all DST-observing Canadian provinces followed suit to mimic the change.

In 2019, the legislature of British Columbia began the process of eliminating the practice of observing daylight saving time in the province. On 31 October 2019, the government introduced Bill 40 in the legislature, which would define "Pacific Time" as "7 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)".^[21] In a press release, the provincial government stated an intention to maintain alignment of clock time with Washington, Oregon, California, and Yukon.^[22] The move follows a consultation earlier in 2019, in which the province received over 223,000 responses, 93% of which said they would prefer year-round DST as compared to the status quo of changing the clocks twice a year.^[23][24][25] The premier of British Columbia discussed the issue with Yukon premier Sandy Silver, who said in October that he needs more consultation with Yukon stakeholders, and with Alberta and Alaska.^[26] On 2 March 2026, Premier David Eby announced that following these consultations, the province will permanently adopt daylight time on 8 March 2026; however, some eastern parts of the province that use Mountain Time will not be affected by the change.^[27]

The latest United States change (Energy Policy Act of 2005) to daylight saving time, adding parts of March and November to when daylight saving time is observed, which began in 2007 was adopted by the various provinces and territories on the following dates:

• Ontario^[28] and Manitoba^[29] – 20 October 2005
• Quebec – 5 December 2005^[30]
• Prince Edward Island – 6 December 2005^[31]
• New Brunswick – 23 December 2005^[32]
• Alberta – 2 February 2006^[33]
• Northwest Territories – 4 March 2006^[34]
• British Columbia – 31 March 2006^[35]
• Nova Scotia – 25 April 2006^[36]
• Yukon – 14 July 2006.^[37] Year-round MST as of 8 March 2020.^[20]
• Newfoundland and Labrador – 20 November 2006 but officially announced on 18 January 2007^[38]
• Nunavut – 19 February 2007^[39]
• Saskatchewan – No official action was taken, as almost all of the province remains on CST year-round. However, the few places in the province that do observe daylight saving (Lloydminster and the surrounding area, which straddles the Alberta border and observes Alberta's Mountain Time – and Creighton, which observes daylight saving on an unofficial basis due to its proximity to the border with Manitoba) follow the aforementioned March–November schedule just like the other provinces and territories.

Data for Canada from zone.tab of the IANA time zone database. Columns marked with * are the columns from zone.tab itself.

More information C.c.*, Coordinates* ...

C.c.*	Coordinates*	TZ*	Comments*	UTC offset	UTC offset DST	Description	Map
CA	+4734−05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland, Labrador (SE)	−03:30	−02:30	Uses UTC−03:30 with daylight saving time Includes the entire Island of Newfoundland and the Labrador Straits region of Labrador
CA	+5125−05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	AST – QC (Lower North Shore)	−04:00	−04:00	Has used UTC−04:00 year-round since the IANA cutoff date in 1970; alias for America/Puerto_Rico Includes all of Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality
CA	+4612−05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic – NS (Cape Breton)	−04:00	−03:00	Now in sync with America/Halifax but did not adopt daylight saving time until 1972 Likely includes all of Cape Breton Island[40]
CA	+5320−06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic – Labrador (most areas)	−04:00	−03:00	Now in sync with America/Halifax but from 1987–2011, started and ended daylight saving time at 12:01 am rather than 2:00 am Includes all of Labrador except for the Labrador Straits region
CA	+4439−06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic – NS (most areas), PE	−04:00	−03:00	Uses UTC−04:00 with daylight saving time Includes a majority of Nova Scotia, all of Prince Edward Island, and Quebec's Magdalen Islands and Listuguj Miꞌgmaq First Nation[41]
CA	+4606−06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic – New Brunswick	−04:00	−03:00	Now in sync with America/Halifax but prior to 2007, started and ended daylight saving time at 12:01 am rather than 2:00 am Includes all of New Brunswick
CA		America/Pangnirtung		−05:00	−04:00	Redirects to America/Iqaluit	—
CA	+6344−06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern – NU (most areas)	−05:00	−04:00	Now in sync with America/Toronto but used −04:00 with daylight saving time until 1995
CA		America/Montreal		−05:00	−04:00	Redirects to America/Toronto as of version 2015c	—
CA	+4339−07923	America/Toronto	Eastern – ON & QC (most areas)	−05:00	−04:00	Uses UTC−05:00 with daylight saving time Includes a majority of Ontario and Quebec. Legally, its western boundary is the 90th meridian west but in practice, it is not observed by Big Trout Lake. Adoption of daylight saving time in Ontario may have been patchy until 1974.
CA		America/Nipigon		−05:00	−04:00	Redirects to America/Toronto as of version 2022f Created for places observing Eastern time that allegedly did not observe DST 1967–1973 but this was not well sourced	—
CA		America/Thunder_Bay		−05:00	−04:00	Redirects to America/Toronto Created because of a claim that Thunder Bay did not use DST in 1973	—
CA	+484531−0913718	America/Atikokan	EST – ON (Atikokan), NU (Coral H)	−05:00	−05:00	Has used UTC−05:00 year-round since the IANA cutoff date in 1970; alias for America/Panama Includes areas legally in Central Time but in practice observe EST year-round
CA	+624900−0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central – NU (central)	−06:00	−05:00	In sync with America/Winnipeg since the IANA cutoff date but kept as a separate zone
CA		America/Rainy_River		−06:00	−05:00	Redirects to America/Winnipeg as of version 2022f Created for places observing Central Time that allegedly did not observe daylight saving time from 1967–1973, but this is not well sourced	—
CA	+744144−0944945	America/Resolute	Central – NU (Resolute)	−06:00	−05:00	Now in sync with America/Winnipeg but skipped daylight saving time in 2007 Includes Southampton Island
CA	+4953−09709	America/Winnipeg	Central – ON (west), Manitoba	−06:00	−05:00	Uses UTC−06:00 with daylight saving time Includes Big Trout Lake and Denare Beach in practice, though by law they should be in America/Toronto and America/Regina, respectively
CA	+690650−1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain – NU (west)	−07:00	−06:00	Now uses UTC−07:00 with daylight saving but used UTC−06:00 with daylight saving from 1999 to 2001 Includes the western third of Nunavut
CA	+5024−10439	America/Regina	CST – SK (most areas)	−06:00	−06:00	Has used UTC−06:00 year-round since the IANA cutoff date in 1970
CA	+5017−10750	America/Swift_Current	CST – SK (midwest)	−06:00	−06:00	Now uses UTC−06:00 year-round but used UTC−07:00 year-round until 1972 Includes southwest Saskatchewan. Map is approximate; the exact boundaries are based on old school districts.
CA	+5333−11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain – AB, BC(E), NT(E), SK(W)	−07:00	−06:00	Uses UTC−06:00 year-round but used UTC−07:00 with daylight saving time until 2026 Includes all of Alberta, Lloydminster in Saskatchewan, southeast British Columbia, and the eastern half of the Northwest Territories
CA		America/Yellowknife		−07:00	−06:00	Redirects to America/Edmonton	—
CA	+4906−11631	America/Creston	MST – BC (Creston)	−07:00	−07:00	Has used UTC−07:00 year-round since the IANA cutoff date in 1970; alias for America/Phoenix
CA	+5546−12014	America/Dawson_Creek	MST – BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)	−07:00	−07:00	Now uses UTC−07:00 year-round but used UTC−07:00 with daylight saving time until 1973 Includes the eastern half of Peace River Regional District
CA	+5848−12242	America/Fort_Nelson	MST – BC (Ft Nelson)	−07:00	−07:00	Now uses UTC−07:00 year-round but used UTC−07:00 with daylight saving time until 2015 Includes Northern Rockies Regional Municipality in British Columbia
CA	+4916−12307	America/Vancouver	MST – BC (most areas)	−07:00	−07:00	Now uses UTC−07:00 year-round but used UTC−08:00 with daylight saving time until 2026 Includes a majority of British Columbia
CA	+682059−1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain – NT (west)	−07:00	−06:00	Now in sync with America/Edmonton but used UTC−08:00 with daylight saving time until 1979 Defined as areas in NWT west of 120th meridian west[42]
CA	+6043−13503	America/Whitehorse	MST – Yukon (east)	−07:00	−07:00	Now uses UTC−07:00 year-round but used UTC−08:00 with daylight saving time until 2019 Includes a majority of Yukon
CA	+6404−13925	America/Dawson	MST – Yukon (west)	−07:00	−07:00	Now uses UTC−07:00 year-round but used UTC−09:00 with daylight saving time until 1973 and used UTC−08:00 with daylight saving time from 1973-2019 Includes all of Yukon west of 138th meridian west[43]

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• Lists of time zones
• Newfoundland's Daylight Saving Act of 1917
• 1972 British Columbia time plebiscite
• Effects of time zones on North American broadcasting
• National Research Council Time Signal
• Date and time notation in Canada