Timeline of Aarhus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- 750–800 – Aarhus is founded by the northern shore of the Aarhus River.[1]
- c. 900 – The first church, the Holy Trinity Church, is built during the reign of Frode, King of Jutland.[2]
- c. 900 – Gorm the Old fortifies Aarhus with ramparts.[3]
- 10th century – Harald Bluetooth strengthens and expands the ramparts.[1]
- 948 – First mention of Aarhus as the bishop of Aarhus Reginbrand attends the Synod of Ingelheim.[4][5]
- 988 – Diocese of Aarhus is dissolved.[6]
- 1035–42 – Harthacnut coins money stamped with the original name of Aarhus: "AROS".[6]
- 1043
- Svend Estridsen gains support from Aros in war against Magnus the Good and a battle between the two are fought in the Bay of Aarhus.[7]
- Magnus the Good becomes ruler of Aarhus for a period and coins money inscribed "Magnus Konge, Lif-sig i Aros" in Latin.[7]
- 1050 – Harald Hardrada attacks Aarhus and burns the settlement including the Holy Trinity Church.[8][9]
- 1060
- Diocese of Aarhus is reestablished as Svend Estridsen divides the country into 8 bishoprics.[6]
- Crypt church is constructed on the site of the former Holy Trinity Church and present day Church of Our Lady.[1][10]
Middle Ages
- 1080 – The crypt church is expanded and dedicated to Saint Nicholas.[11]
- 12th century
- 1134 – The bishop of Aarhus Ulkil is killed at the Battle of Fotevik in support of King Niels.[13]
- 1180
- Saint Nicholas Church mentioned as the first cathedral of Aarhus.[11]
- Niels of Aarhus dies and is buried in Aarhus.[14]
- 1191 – Peder Vognsen is appointed bishop by King Canute VI.
- c. 1192 – Construction begins on Aarhus Cathedral on the burial site of Niels of Aarhus.
- 1195 – Aarhus Cathedral School is mentioned for the first time. The school possibly predates the Aarhus Cathedral.
- 13th century – Valdemar II builds a grain mill at Aarhus River and hand grinders are made illegal.[15][16]
- c. 1250 – Dominican friars are given Saint Nicholas Church which they tear down and begins construction on Church of Our Lady.[11]
- 1298 – King Eric VI grants the Diocese of Aarhus rent from the peasantry enlisted in leidang.[12]
- 1441 – Christopher of Bavaria ratifies existing market town privileges.[17][18][19]
- 1477 –
- 1483 – King Hans ratifies that citizens of Aarhus are free of duties and may trade in all markets in Jutland.[17][18]
- 1496 – King Hans ratifies that citizens of Aarhus may use all fisheries in Jutland.[17][18]
Renaissance 16th – 18th century
- 1505 – King Hans establishes a four-mile exclusion zone around Aarhus within which only citizens may trade with farmers.[17][18][22]
- 1542 – Large fires break out destroying parts of present Indre By.[23][24]
- 1546 – Parts of the city burns down as fires breaks out.[23][24]
- 1556 – Large fires breaks out.[23][24]
- 1627-1629 – Aarhus is occupied by Albrecht von Wallenstein's troops on behest of Ferdinand II during the Thirty Years' War.[23][24]
- 1637 – Thors Mølle is constructed as a powder mill.[25]
- 1644-1645 – Occupation by Swedish troops during the Torstenson War[23][24]
- 1657 – Wooden city walls erected as octroi is introduced.[26]
- 1657-1659 – Aarhus is occupied during the Dano-Swedish wars of 1657–58 and 1658–60.[23][24]
- 1659
- Aarhus is bombarded by 13 Swedish warships during the Dano-Swedish War of 1658–60.[23][24]
- Plague breaks out in the city. Nationwide, a third of the population is killed.[23][24]
- 1662 – The medieval fiefs reformed into counties and Aarhus County is established.[27]
- 1672 – 3,474 inhabitants.[28]
- 1740 – New citizens council established, composed of the wealthiest citizens.[29]
- 1794 – Århus Stiftstidende is published for the first time.
19th century
- 1801 – 3,837 inhabitants.[28]
- 1830
- Regular steamship links with Copenhagen begins.[30]
- Vennelystparken opens for the first time.
- 1838 – Electoral rules changed to allow voting for the city council.[31]
- 1840 – 7,087 inhabitants.[28]
- Harbor moved from the Aarhus river to the coast.[32][33]
- 1849
- Occupied by Prussian troops during the First Schleswig War.[34]
- The skirmish known as Rytterfægtningen is fought in the area of present-day Trøjborg.
- Denmark gets constitution and new electoral laws. The greater half of citizens representatives to be elected by all citizens while the other half is elected by the highest taxed citizens.[35]
- 1850 – The psychiatric hospital of Jydske Asyl opens.
- 1851 – 11,009 inhabitants.[28]
- Octroi abolished and the city walls removed.
- 1854 – Frichs company is established.
- 1856 – The Ceres Brewery is established.
- 1862 – Jutland's first railway established between Aarhus and Randers.[36]
- 1864 – Aarhus is occupied by Prussian troops during the Second Schleswig War.[37]
- 1869 – Citizen Representation reformed to a city council with 19 members elected for 6 years. 10 members elected by all citizens, 9 by the highest taxed.[38]
- 1871
- Aarhus Oliefabrik A/S is established.
- Jyllands-Posten publishes its first paper.
- 1873 – Cholera kills 213.[39]
- 1874 – Frederiksbjerg annexed.
- 1875 – Aarhus Botanical Gardens is constructed.
- 1876 – The Grenaa Line opens; connecting Aarhus to Grenå by rail.
- 1880 – 24,831 inhabitants.[28]
- 1882 – Aarhus County Hospital founded.
- 1883
- Aarhus Butterine Company is established.
- First public transportation in the form of horse drawn carriages.[40]
- 1884 – The rail line Odderbanen opens, connecting Aarhus to Odder.
- 1893 – Aarhus Municipal Hospital is founded.
- 1896
- Korn- og Foderstof Kompagniet is established.
- Marselisborg estate purchased.
- Construction on Trøjborg begins.
- 1900 – Aarhus Theatre is completed.
20th century
- 1901 – 51,814 inhabitants.[28]
- 1902
- The State Library is finished. The historicist building was later repurposed as Erhvervsarkivet (The Corporate Archives) in 1948.[41]
- Marselisborg Palace is established.
- 1904 – Tivoli Friheden starts as an amusement park.
- 1906 – Frederik Ferdinand Salling opens the store that will eventually grow to become the Salling department store.[42]
- 1909
- Aarhus hosts the National Exhibition of 1909.[43]
- Electoral periods for the city council changed to 4 years, privileged electoral system abolished and women given voting rights.[38]
- 1911 – 64,607 inhabitants.[28]
- 1912 – Den Gamle By is established.
- 1913 – Marselisborg Hospital opens.
- 1919 – First publicly elected mayor.[44]
- 1921 – 86,197 inhabitants.[28]
- 1925 – Mindeparken is established.
- 1928
- Aarhus University is opened.
- Aarhus Sporveje is established.
- 1929 – The Central Station is completed.
- 1930 – 101,423 inhabitants.[28]
- 1931 – Spanien Public Baths opens.
- 1932
- Marselisborg Deer Park is established.
- University Park is established.
- 1933
- The first university buildings opens
- Den Permanente is established.
- 1937 – The ring road of Ring 1 is finished.
- 1940 – 126,459 inhabitants.[28]
World War II
- 10 April 1940 – Aarhus occupied by invading German troops.[45]
- 1941
- The Aarhus City Hall by architect Arne Jacobsen is completed.
- The Royal Air Force bombs a viaduct in Viby.[45]
- 24 September 1942 – The Aarhus oil mill is bombed by the Royal Air Force.[46]
- 3 July 1943 – The resistance bombs and destroys the viaduct at Spanien.[47]
- 4 July 1944 – German barge loaded with ammunition explodes in the harbor killing 38.
- 22 August 1944 – Aarhus Sporveje tram depot on Dalgas Avenue is blown up in an act of schalburgtage.[48]
- 10 October 1944 – German steamer Scharnhörn bombed by the resistance movement.[47]
- 30 September 1944 – Aarhus-Hallen is bombed killing 5 people.[48]
- 9 October 1944 – The Peter group destroys the building of the newspaper Demokraten.[48]
- 31 October 1944 – The Gestapo headquarters in Aarhus University is bombed by the Royal Air Force.
- 11 November 1944 – Five buildings on Ryesgade are destroyed by the Peter group.[48]
- 12 November 1944 – Buildings in Søndergade 10–14, 23- 27, 29 and 58-60 are bombed.[48]
- 2 December 1944 – Aarhus Håndværkerforening is bombed killing 1 person.[48]
- 21 January 1945 – Vennelyst Teateret (Vennelyst Theatre) in Vennelystparken is bombed.[48]
- 22 February 1945 – The Peter group bombs Guldsmedgade, Nørregade, Ryesgade and Aarhus Theatre killing 8 people.[48]
- 13 March 1945 – Risskovtoget (Risskov Train) is bombed killing two people.[48]
- 29 March 1945 – Editor of Århus Stiftstidende Børge Schmidt is shot and killed in a clearing murder.[48]
- 5 May 1945 – Fighting between resistance fighters and German forces refusing surrender claims 15 lives.[49]
- 8 May 1945 – British troops enter and officially liberate Aarhus from German occupation.
Post-war
- 1945 – Aarhus Flydedok is established.
- 1948 – Erhvervsarkivet (The Corporate Archives) opens in the building formerly housing the State Library.[41]
- 1950 – 153,546 inhabitants.[28]
- City management of Aarhus is changed to a Magistrate.[50][51]
- 1960 – 177,234 inhabitants.[28]
- First direct elections of county council.[27]
- 1963 – The landmark State and University Library tower and building in yellow brick at the university campus is finished.
- 1965 – The first Aarhus Festuge festival is held.
- 1968 – Construction of the Gellerup Plan, a large modernist suburban satellite city, begins.
- 1970 – 199,427 inhabitants.[28]
- Aarhus Municipality is merged with a number of surrounding municipalities during the 1970 Danish Municipal Reform
- 1975 – The anti-nuclear Smiling Sun logo is designed by the local group of Organisationen til Oplysning om Atomkraft.[52]
- 1977 – The first Moesgård Vikingetræf event is held.
- 1979 – Machine manufacturing company Frichs, a large local employer, is declared bankrupt. Production in Aarhus was finally halted, after more than 125 years, in the 1980s.
- 1982 – Musikhuset (Aarhus Concert Hall) is finished
- 1983 – Gaffa is published for the first time.[53]
- 1987 – The ring road of Ring 2 opens.
- 1988
- University hospital Skejby Sygehus opens.
- The afforestation of the New Forests of Aarhus is initiated.
- 1989 – The first Aarhus International Jazz Festival.
- 1990 – 200,188 inhabitants.[28]
- 1991
- KaosPilots is founded by Uffe Elbæk.[54]
- Marselisborg Yacht Harbour opens
- 1994 – The first SpoT Festival is held.
- 1995 – Scandinavian Center is finished
- 2000 – 217,260 inhabitants.[28]