Timeline of Goan history

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This is a timeline of Goan history. It overlaps with the histories of other regions in South Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and colonial powers that influenced the region, including Kingdom of Portugal.

  • c.80,000 – c.100,000, B.P. (Before Portuguese) Arrival of modern Homo sapiens in the basin of Mandovi and Zuari as evidenced from Acheulean handaxes.[1]
  • c.80,000 – c.8000 B.P. Stone Age of Goa, cave dwellings, hunter-gatherer society, humans migrate from the river banks towards the coast in search of sea salt, the first rudimentary petroglyphs (Usgao), birth of shamanism and cult of earth goddess
  • Micro > Neolithism > Megalithism
  • c.8000 – c.4000 B.P. Critical and exciting period of Goan Neolithism and Chalcolithism, the nomadic people of Kushavati culture, golden age of petroglyphs and rock art in Goa; shamanistic nomadic society, animal trappers, fishers, discovery of edible plants, tubers, mushrooms, worship of ant hill goddess, a nature worship, origin of Dhalo; origin of Perni jagor mask dance drama, a smooth transition of Neolithic to megalithic society (dolmens, menhirs) towards the end
  • c.6000 – c.4000 B.P. Drop in sea level, Marine fossil beds at Bambolim, Siridao, Camurlim, etc.
  • c.3600 B.P. entry of horses and pottery in Goa, megalithism, first attempts to make salt from sea water, silt based farming in river valleys, development of trade routes, influence and contact with Indus civilization, Harappan seafarers

Antiquity

  • c. 1000–800 BC Primitive agriculture: the Kumeri or burn and shift agriculture and the reclamation of coastal mangroves for preparing khazan lands, probable birth of Gaonkaris (latter-day communidades) of Goa, common land ownership, Iron Age in Goa, first ploughs.
  • 500 BC Jainism and Buddhist influence in south India spreads to Goa (the following chronology would be expanded later)
  • up to 200 BC Imperial Mauryan rule
  • up to AD 200 Imperial Satavahanas of Pratishthan, Western Kshatrapas Roman trade contacts, beginning of Arab trade in horses

Age of dynastic rule-golden period of maritime history

  • AD 200–400 many minor dynasties and feudatories (Chutus, Maharathis, Kadambas of Halsi, Kuras of Kolhapur)
  • AD 400–600 Bhojas of Chandor (Chandrapur/Sindbur to Arabs)
  • AD 500–800 Badami Chalukyas, Konkan Mauryas, etc., embassy to Persia. Boost in horse trade, migration of Kaundinya seafarers from Goa to south east Asia

Middle Ages

  • AD 800–1000 Shilahara branches, imperial Rashtrakutas of Malkhed, Spread of Arab trading settlements (Anjumans)
  • AD 1000–1330 Goa Kadambas (detail chronology is being compiled), (Devagiri Yadavas, gangas, Hoysalas, etc.)

Islamic influence

  • 1326–1380 Bahamani rulers
  • 1380–1472 Under Vijayanagara rule the Hindu ruler started construction of temples in Goa on Buddhist temples all the way to Kanada present-day Karnataka
  • 1472–1510 Adilshahi rule (details to be added)
  • (a separate chronology of new conquest areas before their annexation by Portuguese needs to be compiled as these territories at different times were ruled by adilshahi, Marathas, kings of sundas, Bhonsles of wadi, Dessais, etc. from 1510 to 1793)
  • (definitive and accurate chronology of the period 200 AD to 1510 AD is possible based on epigraphical, archaeological, architectural, iconographic, numismatic records and publications-but many scholars need to contribute from Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala and Gujarath)

Portuguese India

1500s

1600s

1700s

  • 31 May 1756 - Abbé Faria (José Custódio de Faria) was born. A Luso-Goan Catholic monk became one of the pioneers of the scientific study of hypnotism.
  • 1770 - Fontainhas was established in Panjim by Antonio Joao de Sequeira (Mossmikar).
  • 5 August 1787 – Denunciation of the Conspiracy of the Pintos, an event in which a section of the local population sought to fight Portuguese rule in Goa. Curiously, Fr. José Vaz from Anjuna was among the priests denounced and detained.

1800s

1900s

  • 22 January 1900 - O Heraldo was established as the first daily Portuguese newspaper by Aleixo Clemente Messias Gomes and Luís de Menezes Bragança in Goa.It was later transformed into an English daily in 1983.
  • 3 December 1901 – A launch crossing Mandovi from Betim to Panaji ran aground which killed 81 people on the feast day.
  • 13 March 1902 – Dada Rane and his 22 "accomplices" sentenced to exile to East Timor. They embarked on 26 March 1902. Dada and his son Indroji died in Timor, but others had their term of exile reduced and are believed to have returned to Goa. One of them, Santoba Rane participated in yet another and final revolt in 1912.
  • 22 November 1904 - Regina Fernandes, wife of the playwright João Agostinho Fernandes, became the first female tiatr actor in Batcara.
  • 29 October 1914 – birth of Silvestre Micael Feliciano Martins in Orlim; prolific Goan composer and musician.
  • 1917 - The "Carta Organica" law was passed, overseeing all civil liberties in Goa.
  • 1917 - thirty-one settlements were carved out of the Salcete to form Mormugao taluka (sub-district).
  • 1 May 1928 - The Diocese of Daman was dissolved. The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Goa was renamed to Metropolitan Archdiocese of Goa and Daman.
  • 1928 - Tristão de Bragança Cunha founded the Goa National Congress and got it affiliated to All-India Congress Committee in 1938 and moved its operation to Bombay.
  • May 1930 - Portugal passed the "Acto Colonial" (Portuguese Colonial Act), which restricted political rallies and meetings within all Portuguese colonies. It was repealed later in 1950 by the efforts of Froilano de Mello.
  • 1930 - The 16th edition of All India Marathi Literary Conference was held in Margao. The conferences of 1964 and 1994 were also held in Goa.
  • 9–10 March 1943 - Operation Creek was carried out by members of Calcutta Light Horse and Calcutta Scottish at Mormugao harbour. They successfully attacked the German cargo ship Ehrenfels which had been transmitting information about the movement of allied ships.
  • 11 January 1946 - The Church of Bom Jesus was made a Basilica. It is the first basilica of India.
  • April 1946 - Polícia do Estado da Índia was formed. It replaced the Corpo de Polícia e Fiscalização da Índia (CPFI).
  • July 1946 - Ram Manohar Lohia and Juliao Menezes addressed a meeting in Panjim on 15 June and then another one on 18 June (Goa Revolution Day) in Margao. Portuguese didn't intervene the first meet but at Margao meeting they were arrested and taken to jail.
  • 24 April 1950 - Mogacho Anvddo produced and directed by Jerry Braganza became the first full-length Konkani film. This day is celebrated as Konkani cinema Day.
  • 4 December 1950 - Valerian Gracias was appointed as the first native Indian Archbishop in India. Later on 29 December 1952, he also became the first Cardinal from India.
  • 1951 - Goa First Division began and it was organised by the Conselho de Desportos. The first League champion of Goa was Clube Desportivo de Chinchinim who beat Football Club of Siolim, to clinch the title.
  • 1953 - Kesarbai Kerkar, an Indian classical vocalist from Keri, became the first woman to win the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award.
  • 1953 - The Government of India closes its legation in Lisbon, following tensions between the two countries over the future of Portuguese colonies in South Asia.
  • 1954 - India annexed the enclaves of Dadra and Nagar Haveli (near Daman)
  • 1954–1955 - In 1954, National Congress Goa led a Satyagraha in Goa and in 1955 Azad Gomantak Dal organised a satyagraha. Some exiled Goans aided Goa Liberation Movement and Indian nationalists in a Gandhi-style campaign which failed due to little local support. 32 Satyagrahis were shot dead by the Portuguese.
  • 1 September 1955 - India shut its consul office in Goa.
  • 1955 - The Aeroporto de Dabolim (later officially renamed to Aeroporto General Bénard Guedes) was built in 1955 by the Government of the Estado da Índia, on 249 acres (101 ha) of land. Until 1961, the airport served as the main hub of the Portuguese India's airline TAIP (Transportes Aéreos da Índia Portuguesa).
  • 1957 - "Estaleiros Navais de Goa" is established to build barges to support Goa's growing mining industry. Currently it manufacturers warships for the Indian Navy and the Indian Coast Guard.
  • 1958 - Portuguese Indian rupia was replaced by Portuguese Indian escudo. One rupia was equal to 6 escudos. After 1961, the currency was nullified and Indian Rupee was declared as the currency of Goa.
  • 1958 - Anjanibai Malpekar, an Indian classical singer of Malpe, Pernem became the first woman to be awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship.
  • 10 June 1959 - Dutch aircraft Martin PBM-5A Mariner en route to the Netherlands from Indonesia experienced engine trouble and therefore diverged to Dabolim airport but it crashed at Alto Mangor, Vasco. All the eight crew died.
  • 1959 - The Goa Football Association was established as the official administrative body of football in Goa.
  • 26 January 1960 - Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar, an obstetrician and gynaecologist, born in Shiroda, became the first Goan to receive Padma Bhushan and later in 1971, he also became the first Goan to receive Padma Vibhushan for his contribution to medicine.
  • 26 October 1960 - His Highness the Aga Khan IV was decorated with the Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry the Navigator by Governor General Vassalo e Silva at Cabo Palace.
  • 1961 - Leslie Buddy D'Souza was the first awardee of Arjuna Award in Boxing. He also became the first Goan origin person to win an Arjuna Award.
  • 8 March 1961 – In a UN debate, V. K. Krishna Menon (India) described the Portuguese overseas territories as a "slave empire" and declared that the "liberation of Goa" was "part of the unfinished task of liberating India."
  • 1 April. 1961 – Jawaharlal Nehru announced in India's lower house of parliament, the Lok Sabha that the Government of India had decided to relax the ban on trade with Goa and the other small, scattered Portuguese colonies in India with immediate effect, "as part of its policy of liberalization."
  • 23 October 1961 – India's prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru in a Bombay speech referred to increasing reports of "terror and torture" by the Portuguese authorities in Goa and declared that "the time has come for us to consider afresh what method should be adopted to free Goa from Portuguese rule."
  • 24 November 1961 - Sabarmati, a passenger boat passing between Angediva and Kochi, was fired upon by Portuguese ground troop stationed at Angediva resulting in injuries to the chief engineer of the boat and the death of a passenger.
  • 1 December 1961 - Dilip Sardesai becomes the first Goan to play international cricket for India.
  • 9 Dec 1961 - The vessel India arrived at Mormugão port en route to Lisbon from Timor. 700 Portuguese civilians of European origin boarded the ship and fled Goa.
  • 17 December 1961 – The long-standing tension between India and Portugal over the question of what was described variously as the Portuguese "territories", "enclaves" or "colonies" in South Asia—Goa, and the small enclaves of Daman and Diu—culminated in the annexation of Goa after a brief (48 hours) military campaign by an estimated 30,000 Indian troops pitted against Portugal's 3,000 troops, 900 Goan police and no air or naval power. See Operation Vijay (1961)
  • 18 December 1961 - The 50th Parachute Brigade (India) moved into Goa at Thivim, Ponda via Usgao and Panjim via Banastarim. The two Indian air raids destroyed Dabolim Airport runway. The third Indian air raid damaged the wireless station at Bambolim. The Indian Naval Command assigned the task of securing Anjidiv to the cruiser INS Mysore and the frigate INS Trishul under the command of Lieutenant Arun Auditto stormed the island and secured it the next day.
  • 19 December 1961 – The Indian tricolour flag was hoisted in Goa, in front of the Pangim seat of state power.

Recent history

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References

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