Tonekabon
City in Mazandaran province, Iran
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tonekabon (Persian: تنكابن)[a] is a city in the Central District of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[5]
Tonekabon
Persian: تنكابن | |
|---|---|
City | |
  Tonekabon | |
| Coordinates: 36°48′55″N 50°52′16″E[1][2] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | Mazandaran |
| County | Tonekabon |
| District | Central |
| Population (2016)[3] | |
• Total | 55,434 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
| Website | tonekabon |
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Etymology
Toneka was a large and fortress-like city with a fence and a hard and strong surface in the west of Ruyan district. Shortly after the destruction of Toneka Castle, a lower city was built from the ruins of the old city, and it was called Toneka Bon (Persian: تنکابن, lit. 'Lowest point of the Toneka'). This name was extended to all the lands that formed the local rulers.
History
The territory of Tonekabon was originally part of Mazandaran. Numerous evidences discovered in various parts of the region, indicate that it was a flourishing city in the past. The ancient Tonekabon came under the realm of the Ruyan territory, also called Rostamdar. The Padusbanan held the power of this vicinity till the reign of Abbas the Great. Thereafter, until the beginning of the Qajar era and the reign of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, the city was known as Feiz.
During the Pahlavi era, the city was renamed Shahsavar. After the 1979 Iranian revolution the name was returned to its original historic one, Tonekabon. Most present-day people of the city still use the Shahsavar name.
Demographics
Language
The languages of Tonekabon are Mazandarani and Gilaki.[6][7]
Population
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 43,128 in 13,087 households.[8] The following census in 2011 counted 45,338 people in 14,975 households.[9] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 55,434 people in 18,878 households.[3]
Geography
Tonekabon is located on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, 257 kilometres (160 mi) north of Tehran, between Ramsar and Chalus. Tonekabon County has common borders with Qazvin province to the south.
In its northern regions it has a moderate and humid climate and in the southern portions cold weather prevails. The Cheshmeh Kileh River flows through it.
Climate
Tonekabon has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cf), with warm, humid summers and cool, damp winters.
| Climate data for Tonekabon | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.5 (50.9) |
10.4 (50.7) |
12.4 (54.3) |
17.6 (63.7) |
22.8 (73.0) |
27.4 (81.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
29.7 (85.5) |
26.8 (80.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
17.5 (63.5) |
13.0 (55.4) |
20.0 (68.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.1 (50.2) |
15.0 (59.0) |
19.2 (66.6) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.6 (70.9) |
19.0 (66.2) |
14.2 (57.6) |
9.4 (48.9) |
5.0 (41.0) |
12.3 (54.1) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 83 (3.3) |
69 (2.7) |
78 (3.1) |
43 (1.7) |
40 (1.6) |
41 (1.6) |
31 (1.2) |
65 (2.6) |
124 (4.9) |
225 (8.9) |
146 (5.7) |
115 (4.5) |
1,060 (41.8) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 1.6 (0.6) |
11.1 (4.4) |
2.4 (0.9) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.1 (0.4) |
0.0 (0.0) |
16.2 (6.3) |
| Average rainy days | 11 | 11 | 15 | 12 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 123 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 82 | 81 | 82 | 79 | 77 | 73 | 71 | 74 | 76 | 79 | 81 | 82 | 78 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 130.2 | 121.5 | 111.6 | 147 | 198.4 | 231 | 226.3 | 201.5 | 165 | 145.7 | 135 | 120.9 | 1,934.1 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 4.2 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 4.9 | 6.4 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 5.3 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 |
| Source: weather2visit[10] World weather online(Snow-UV)[11] | |||||||||||||
Economy
A famous variety of orange, Shahsavari Orange, is grown in the city and bears its former name. The other products of Tonekabon are kiwi fruit, rice, and tea. Tonekabon has a semi tropical climate. The temperature is mild year round.
The "Ghalegardan high lands" and "Dohezar Valley" are famous resort areas in the Alborz (Elburz) mountain range, southwest of Tonekabon. There are also dense forests in Dohezar and the Sehezar Road areas of the Alborz.
Tourist attractions
- Sialan
- Cheshmeh Kileh Bridge
- Wildlife Museum
- Municipality Palace of Tonekabon
- Do Hezar Forest Park
- Se Hezar Forest Park
- Toneka Castle
- Se Hezar Hot water
- Sang Bon Cheshmeh Waterfall
- Chaldarreh
- Daryasar Plain
- Dinar Sara
- Beles Kūh
- Kouhsar Waterfall
- Falakdeh Hot water
- Tonekabon Fish Market
- Garma Poshteh Village
Notable people
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- Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni (1846–1926), former prime minister of Iran
- Shahab Hosseini (born 1974), actor
- Simin Ghanem (born 1944), singer
- Moslem Bahadori (born 1927), pathologist
- Shamseddin Hosseini (born 1967), politician
- Foad Manshadi (born 1987), musician
- Jamshid Mashayekhi (1934–2019), actor
- Bahram Aryana (1906–1985), general officer
- Ladan Mostofi (born 1972), actor
- Parisa (born 1950), singer
- Kambiz Dirbaz (born 1975), actor
- Arsalan Khalatbari (1904–1976) lawyer and politician
- Benyamin Bahadori (born 1982), musician, singer
- Kourosh Sotoodeh (born 1978), photographer
- Mohammad Taghi Falsafi (1908–1998), preacher
- Tunakabuni (17th-century), physician
- Mojtaba Goleij (born 1996), wrestler
- Mohammad Zohari (1926–1995), poet
- Farzan Ashourzadeh (born 1991), taekwondo practitioner
- Mehdi Khodabakhshi (born 1991), taekwondo practitioner
- Saeid Ahmadabbasi (born 1992), futsal player
- Javad Asghari Moghaddam (born 1979), futsal player
- Mohammad Mokhtari (born 1983), football player
- Navid Rezaeifar (born 1996), basketball player
See also
