Tonekabon

Shahsavar/Tonekabon (Gilaki: شٚهسٚوآٚر/تٚنکاٚبٚن)^[a] is a Gilak city in the Central District of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran province, Iran, serving as capital of both its county and its district.^[5]

CountryIran

Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)

Websitetonekabon.ir

Quick facts Persian: تنكابن, Country ...

Tonekabon Persian: تنكابن
City

Tonekabon Location within Iran
Coordinates: 36°48′55″N 50°52′16″E^[1]^[2]
Country	Iran
Province	Mazandaran
County	Tonekabon
District	Central
Population (2016)^[3]
• Total	55,434
Time zone	UTC+3:30 (IRST)
Website	tonekabon.ir

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Etymology

Toneka was a large and fortress-like city with a fence and a hard and strong surface in the west of Ruyan district. After the partial destruction of Shahsava/Toneka Castle due to its old age, a small city was turned into the main city of its area, built from the ruins of the old city, keeping its original names of Shahsavar/Tonekabon (Gilaki: شهسوآر/تنکآبن, lit. 'The city ruling over the Shah/Low point of the Toneka'). This name was extended to all the lands that formed the areas of the local rulers.

History

The territory of Shahsavar/Tonekabon was originally part of Gilan & Daylamestan. Numerous evidences discovered in various parts of the region, indicate that it was a flourishing city in the past. The ancient Shahsavar/Tonekabon experienced the Padusbanan helding the power of it vicinity till the reign of Abbas the First.

During the Pahlavi era, the city was renamed to its original name of Shahsavar. After the 1979 Iranian revolution the name was returned to its second oldest name Tonekabon. Almost all of the present-day people of the city still use the Shahsavar name.

Demographics

Language

The language of Tonekabon is 86% Gilaki, the rest is a mixture of other languages such as Mazani, Kurdi, Luri, & even Baluchi.^[6]^[7]

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 43,128 in 13,087 households.^[8] The following census in 2011 counted 45,338 people in 14,975 households.^[9] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 55,434 people in 18,878 households.^[3]

Geography

Shahsavar is located on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, 257 kilometres (160 mi) north of Tehran, between Ramsar and Chalus. Tonekabon County has common borders with Qazvin province to the south.

In its northern regions it has a moderate and humid climate and in the southern portions cold weather prevails. The Cheshmeh Kileh River flows through it.

Climate

Tonekabon has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cf), with warm, humid summers and cool, damp winters.

More information Climate data for Tonekabon, Month ...

Climate data for Tonekabon
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	10.5 (50.9)	10.4 (50.7)	12.4 (54.3)	17.6 (63.7)	22.8 (73.0)	27.4 (81.3)	30.1 (86.2)	29.7 (85.5)	26.8 (80.2)	21.9 (71.4)	17.5 (63.5)	13.0 (55.4)	20.0 (68.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	2.8 (37.0)	3.3 (37.9)	5.8 (42.4)	10.1 (50.2)	15.0 (59.0)	19.2 (66.6)	21.8 (71.2)	21.6 (70.9)	19.0 (66.2)	14.2 (57.6)	9.4 (48.9)	5.0 (41.0)	12.3 (54.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	83 (3.3)	69 (2.7)	78 (3.1)	43 (1.7)	40 (1.6)	41 (1.6)	31 (1.2)	65 (2.6)	124 (4.9)	225 (8.9)	146 (5.7)	115 (4.5)	1,060 (41.8)
Average snowfall cm (inches)	1.6 (0.6)	11.1 (4.4)	2.4 (0.9)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	1.1 (0.4)	0.0 (0.0)	16.2 (6.3)
Average rainy days	11	11	15	12	11	7	5	8	9	12	11	11	123
Average relative humidity (%)	82	81	82	79	77	73	71	74	76	79	81	82	78
Mean monthly sunshine hours	130.2	121.5	111.6	147	198.4	231	226.3	201.5	165	145.7	135	120.9	1,934.1
Mean daily sunshine hours	4.2	4.3	3.6	4.9	6.4	7.7	7.3	6.5	5.5	4.7	4.5	3.9	5.3
Average ultraviolet index	2	3	2	4	5	6	6	6	5	4	4	3	4
Source: weather2visit^[10] World weather online(Snow-UV)^[11]

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Economy

A famous variety of orange, Shahsavari Orange, is grown in the city and bears its former name. The other products of Shahsavar are kiwi fruit, rice, tea, coffee and more. Shahsavar has a semi tropical climate. The temperature is mild year round.

The "Gardan Qaleh high lands" and "Dohezar, Sehhezar, & Chaharhezar Valleies" are famous resort areas in the Alborz/Alburs) mountain range, South of Shahsavar. There are also dense forests in Dohezar, Sehezar, & Chaharhezar Road areas of Iran’s Great Alborz Mountain Range.