Treaty of Windsor (1386)

The Treaty of Windsor is a diplomatic alliance signed between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of England on 24 February 1387 in Windsor, Berkshire, and sealed by the marriage of King John I of Portugal (House of Aviz) to Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster.^[1] With the victory at the Battle of Aljubarrota, assisted by English archers, John I was recognised as the undisputed King of Portugal, putting an end to the interregnum of the 1383–1385 Crisis.^[1] The Treaty of Windsor established a pact of mutual support.^[1]

Drafted9 May 1386

Signed24 February 1387

LocationWestminster

Negotiators

• Fernando Afonso de Albuquerque
• Lourenço João Fogaça
• Richard d'Alberbury
• John Clanowe
• Richard Ronhale

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Treaty of Windsor

Treaty of peace, friendship and confederation between John I of Portugal and Richard II, King of England
The Treaty of Windsor in the Portuguese National Archives
Drafted	9 May 1386
Signed	24 February 1387
Location	Westminster
Negotiators	Fernando Afonso de Albuquerque Lourenço João Fogaça Richard d'Alberbury John Clanowe Richard Ronhale
Signatories	Kingdom of England Kingdom of Portugal
Ratifiers	Richard II of England
Depositary	Portuguese National Archives
Language	Latin
Full text
Treaty of Windsor (1386) at Wikisource

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Copies are preserved at the Torre do Tombo National Archive in Lisbon and The National Archives in London.^[2][3]

Winston Churchill, speaking in the House of Commons in 1943, described the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance as "an alliance without parallel in world history."^[4] The historian Matthew Winslett says, "This treaty has been the cornerstone of both nations' relations with each other ever since."^[5] Still in effect today, it is the longest-lasting diplomatic treaty in recorded history.^[6]