Trempealeau County, Wisconsin
County in Wisconsin, United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Trempealeau County (/ˈtrɛmpəloʊ/ TREM-pə-loh)[1] is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,760.[2] Its county seat is Whitehall.[3]
Trempealeau County, Wisconsin | |
|---|---|
| |
 Location within the U.S. state of Wisconsin | |
| Coordinates: 44°18′N 91°21′W | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Wisconsin |
| Founded | 1855 |
| Named after | Trempealeau River |
| Seat | Whitehall |
| Largest city | Arcadia |
| Area | |
• Total | 742 sq mi (1,920 km2) |
| • Land | 733 sq mi (1,900 km2) |
| • Water | 9.0 sq mi (23 km2) 1.2% |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 30,760 |
• Estimate (2025) | 31,171  |
| • Density | 42.0/sq mi (16.2/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| Congressional district | 3rd |
| Website | co |
History
Patches of woodland are all that remain of the brush and light forest that once covered the county. In ancient times, the woodlands contained a great deal of timber, but Native Americans burned them periodically to encourage the growth of berries. They did little cultivation and had been almost completely removed from the area by 1837.[4] The area was ceded by the Dakota in the 1837 Treaty of Washington (7 Stat. 538).
French fur traders were the first Europeans to enter this land, traveling by river across the county. At the mouth of the Trempealeau River at its confluence with the Mississippi River, they found a bluff surrounded by water and called it La Montagne qui trempe à l’eau ("mountain steeped in water"). It is now known as Trempealeau Mountain.[5][6] The name was later shortened to Trempealeau.[7] Created in 1854 and organized in 1855,[8] the county is named after the river.[9]
During the 19th and 20th century large numbers of Norwegian immigrants settled in the area in pursuit of cheap land, a better life and more opportunities. Much of the population is still of Norwegian descent and celebrate their ancestry by making foods native to Norway and participating in Norwegian Constitution Day events.[citation needed]
In the late 1850s, Trempealeau became a destination for Polish Prussian settlers from Upper Silesia seeking to escape German persecution and poverty in their homeland. They built churches, schools, and communities to develop what became the nation's second-largest Polish settlement. Their settlements were especially focused around Independence, Arcadia, Whitehall, and Pine Creek. Trempealeau has a large population of Silesian Polish descent to this day.
The county again became an immigrant destination in the first decades of the 21st century, gaining a significant Hispanic and Latino population.[10]
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 742 square miles (1,920 km2), of which 733 square miles (1,900 km2) is land and 9.0 square miles (23 km2) (1.2%) is water.[11] It is part of the Driftless Zone.
Adjacent counties
- Buffalo County – west
- Eau Claire County – north
- Jackson County – east
- La Crosse County – southeast
- Winona County, Minnesota – southwest
Major highways
Railroads
Buses
National protected areas
Demographics
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 2,560 | — | |
| 1870 | 10,732 | 319.2% | |
| 1880 | 17,189 | 60.2% | |
| 1890 | 18,920 | 10.1% | |
| 1900 | 23,114 | 22.2% | |
| 1910 | 22,928 | −0.8% | |
| 1920 | 24,506 | 6.9% | |
| 1930 | 23,910 | −2.4% | |
| 1940 | 24,381 | 2.0% | |
| 1950 | 23,730 | −2.7% | |
| 1960 | 23,377 | −1.5% | |
| 1970 | 23,344 | −0.1% | |
| 1980 | 26,158 | 12.1% | |
| 1990 | 25,263 | −3.4% | |
| 2000 | 27,010 | 6.9% | |
| 2010 | 28,816 | 6.7% | |
| 2020 | 30,760 | 6.7% | |
| 2025 (est.) | 31,171 | [12] | 1.3% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[13] 1790–1960[14] 1900–1990[15] 1990–2000[16] 2010–2020[17] 2020 census[2] | |||
Racial and ethnic composition
| Race / ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 1980[18] | Pop 1990[19] | Pop 2000[20] | Pop 2010[21] | Pop 2020[22] | % 1980 | % 1990 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 25,982 | 25,120 | 26,546 | 26,774 | 25,830 | 99.33% | 99.43% | 98.28% | 92.91% | 83.97% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 6 | 12 | 33 | 54 | 81 | 0.02% | 0.05% | 0.12% | 0.19% | 0.26% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 21 | 32 | 40 | 49 | 82 | 0.08% | 0.13% | 0.15% | 0.17% | 0.27% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 27 | 46 | 36 | 119 | 109 | 0.10% | 0.18% | 0.13% | 0.41% | 0.35% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | x [23] | x [24] | 2 | 2 | 0 | x | x | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.00% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 17 | 0 | 5 | 9 | 52 | 0.06% | 0.00% | 0.02% | 0.03% | 0.17% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | x [25] | x [26] | 108 | 142 | 649 | x | x | 0.40% | 0.49% | 2.11% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 105 | 53 | 240 | 1,667 | 3,957 | 0.40% | 0.21% | 0.89% | 5.78% | 12.86% |
| Total | 26,158 | 25,263 | 27,010 | 28,816 | 30,760 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
2020 census
As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 30,760, for a population density of 42.0 peopleper square mile (16.2 people/km2). There were 13,270 housing units at an average density of 18.1 unitsper square mile (7.0 units/km2).[27]
The median age was 40.1 years; 24.7% of residents were under the age of 18 and 18.4% were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 104.3 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 104.5 males.[27]
The racial makeup of the county was 85.5% White, 0.3% Black or African American, 1.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.4% Asian, <0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 7.9% from some other race, and 4.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 12.9% of the population.[28]
<0.1% of residents lived in urban areas, while 100.0% lived in rural areas.[29]
There were 12,219 households in the county, of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 50.9% were married-couple households, 19.5% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 20.1% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. There were 13,270 housing units, of which 7.9% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 72.4% were owner-occupied and 27.6% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.0% and the rental vacancy rate was 7.7%.[27]
2000 census
As of the census[30] of 2000, there were 27,010 people, 10,747 households, and 7,243 families residing in the county. The population density was 37 people per square mile (14 people/km2). There were 11,482 housing units at an average density of 16 units per square mile (6.2 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 98.81% White, 0.13% Black or African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.29% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. 0.89% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 43.5% were of Norwegian, 24.6% German and 17.0% Polish ancestry. 94.9% spoke English, 1.6% Norwegian and 1.6% Spanish as their first language.
There were 10,747 households, out of which 31.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.20% were married couples living together, 7.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.60% were non-families. 27.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.00.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.30% under the age of 18, 6.90% from 18 to 24, 28.20% from 25 to 44, 23.10% from 45 to 64, and 16.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 100.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.80 males.
In 2017, there were 450 births, giving a general fertility rate of 93.1 births per 1000 women aged 15–44, the third highest rate out of all 72 Wisconsin counties.[31]
Gallery
Communities
Cities
- Arcadia
- Blair
- Galesville
- Independence
- Osseo
- Whitehall (county seat)
Villages
Towns
Census-designated place
Unincorporated communities
Ghost towns/neighborhoods
Politics
Between 1948 and 1984, Trempealeau County voted for the nationwide winner in every election with the exception of the very close 1960 election. Then, from 1988 to 2012, like most of the rural counties in southwestern Wisconsin, it backed the Democratic candidate in each election, and did so by more than a 10% margin each time. In 2016, once again like the rest of rural southwestern Wisconsin, Trempealeau County dramatically swung to the right, shifting from a 14% victory for Democrat Barack Obama in 2012 to a 13% victory for Republican Donald Trump in 2016. Trump further expanded his margin of victory to over 16% in 2020 and to over 21% in 2024, achieving the highest vote shares for a Republican in the county since Dwight D. Eisenhower in his 1952 landslide victory.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 1892 | 2,116 | 53.54% | 1,521 | 38.49% | 315 | 7.97% |
| 1896 | 3,306 | 67.66% | 1,394 | 28.53% | 186 | 3.81% |
| 1900 | 3,364 | 71.23% | 1,190 | 25.20% | 169 | 3.58% |
| 1904 | 3,560 | 75.54% | 981 | 20.81% | 172 | 3.65% |
| 1908 | 3,733 | 75.31% | 1,085 | 21.89% | 139 | 2.80% |
| 1912 | 1,763 | 44.66% | 1,235 | 31.28% | 950 | 24.06% |
| 1916 | 2,138 | 56.04% | 1,578 | 41.36% | 99 | 2.60% |
| 1920 | 4,748 | 84.24% | 718 | 12.74% | 170 | 3.02% |
| 1924 | 2,083 | 31.26% | 373 | 5.60% | 4,208 | 63.15% |
| 1928 | 5,596 | 64.97% | 2,963 | 34.40% | 54 | 0.63% |
| 1932 | 2,874 | 32.81% | 5,786 | 66.06% | 99 | 1.13% |
| 1936 | 3,339 | 33.96% | 5,929 | 60.30% | 564 | 5.74% |
| 1940 | 5,319 | 50.28% | 5,175 | 48.92% | 85 | 0.80% |
| 1944 | 4,719 | 51.06% | 4,496 | 48.65% | 27 | 0.29% |
| 1948 | 3,650 | 43.13% | 4,711 | 55.67% | 102 | 1.21% |
| 1952 | 6,501 | 61.63% | 4,021 | 38.12% | 26 | 0.25% |
| 1956 | 5,476 | 54.25% | 4,602 | 45.59% | 16 | 0.16% |
| 1960 | 5,539 | 51.38% | 5,223 | 48.45% | 19 | 0.18% |
| 1964 | 3,264 | 34.04% | 6,320 | 65.91% | 5 | 0.05% |
| 1968 | 4,861 | 50.69% | 3,971 | 41.41% | 757 | 7.89% |
| 1972 | 5,723 | 56.69% | 4,232 | 41.92% | 140 | 1.39% |
| 1976 | 5,341 | 45.56% | 6,218 | 53.05% | 163 | 1.39% |
| 1980 | 5,992 | 49.52% | 5,390 | 44.54% | 719 | 5.94% |
| 1984 | 6,008 | 52.24% | 5,407 | 47.02% | 85 | 0.74% |
| 1988 | 4,902 | 43.87% | 6,212 | 55.59% | 61 | 0.55% |
| 1992 | 3,577 | 27.49% | 6,218 | 47.79% | 3,217 | 24.72% |
| 1996 | 3,035 | 28.12% | 5,848 | 54.18% | 1,911 | 17.70% |
| 2000 | 5,002 | 41.11% | 6,678 | 54.88% | 488 | 4.01% |
| 2004 | 5,878 | 41.80% | 8,075 | 57.42% | 109 | 0.78% |
| 2008 | 4,808 | 36.11% | 8,321 | 62.50% | 185 | 1.39% |
| 2012 | 5,707 | 42.33% | 7,605 | 56.41% | 169 | 1.25% |
| 2016 | 7,366 | 53.82% | 5,636 | 41.18% | 685 | 5.00% |
| 2020 | 8,833 | 57.43% | 6,285 | 40.86% | 262 | 1.70% |
| 2024 | 9,661 | 60.08% | 6,219 | 38.68% | 199 | 1.24% |
