Twenty-Eight Mansions
Part of the Chinese constellation system
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The Twenty-Eight Mansions (Chinese: 二十八宿; pinyin: Èrshíbā Xiù), also called xiu[1] or hsiu, are part of the Chinese constellations system. They can be considered as the equivalent to the zodiacal constellations in Western astronomy, though the Twenty-eight Mansions reflect the movement of the Moon through a sidereal month rather than the Sun in a tropical year. Each mansion is roughly a day of the month.
| Twenty-Eight Mansions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 二十八宿 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vietnamese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vietnamese | Nhị thập bát tú | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chữ Hán | 二十八宿 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Korean name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hangul | 이십팔수 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hanja | 二十八宿 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mongolian name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mongolian Cyrillic | хорин найман од | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mongolian script | ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢ᠍ᠮᠠᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Japanese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kanji | 二十八宿 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hiragana | にじゅうはっしゅく | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Katakana | ニジュウハッシュク | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Manchu name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Manchu script | ᠣᡵᡳᠨ ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨ ᡨᠣᡴᡩᠣᠨ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Möllendorff | orin jakūn tokdon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The lunar mansion system was in use in other parts of East Asia, such as ancient Japan; the Bansenshūkai, written by Fujibayashi Yasutake, mentions the system several times and includes an image of the twenty-eight mansions.[2]
A similar system, called nakshatra, is used in traditional Indian astronomy.[3]
Overview
Ancient Chinese astronomers divided the sky ecliptic into four regions, collectively known as the Four Symbols, each assigned a mysterious animal. They are Azure Dragon (青龍) on the east, Black Tortoise (玄武) on the north, White Tiger (白虎) on the west, and Vermilion Bird (朱雀) on the south. Each region contains seven mansions, making a total of 28 mansions. These mansions or xiù correspond to the longitudes along the ecliptic that the Moon crosses during its 27.32-day journey around the Earth and serve as a way to track the Moon's progress. In Taoism they are related to 28 Chinese generals.[4]
List of mansions
The names and determinative stars of the mansions are:[5][6]
| Four Symbols (四象) | Mansion (宿) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Name
(Pinyin) |
Translation | Determinative star | |
| Azure Dragon of the East (東方青龍 - Dōngfāng Qīnglóng) Spring  |
1 | 角 (Jiǎo) | Horn | α Vir |
| 2 | 亢 (Kàng) | Neck | κ Vir | |
| 3 | 氐 (Dī) | Root | α Lib | |
| 4 | 房 (Fáng) | Room | π Sco | |
| 5 | 心 (Xīn) | Heart | α Sco | |
| 6 | 尾 (Wěi) | Tail | μ¹ Sco | |
| 7 | 箕 (Jī) | Winnowing Basket | γ Sgr | |
| Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武 - Běifāng Xuánwǔ) Winter  |
8 | 斗 (Dǒu) | (Southern) Dipper | φ Sgr |
| 9 | 牛 (Niú) | Ox | β Cap | |
| 10 | 女 (Nǚ) | Girl | ε Aqr | |
| 11 | 虛 (Xū) | Emptiness | β Aqr | |
| 12 | 危 (Wēi) | Rooftop | α Aqr | |
| 13 | 室 (Shì) | Encampment | α Peg | |
| 14 | 壁 (Bì) | Wall | γ Peg | |
| White Tiger of the West (西方白虎 - Xīfāng Báihǔ) Fall  |
15 | 奎 (Kuí) | Legs | η And |
| 16 | 婁 (Lóu) | Bond | β Ari | |
| 17 | 胃 (Wèi) | Stomach | 35 Ari | |
| 18 | 昴 (Mǎo) | Hairy Head | 17 Tau | |
| 19 | 畢 (Bì) | Net | ε Tau | |
| 20 | 觜 (Zī) | Turtle Beak | λ Ori | |
| 21 | 参 (Shēn) | Three Stars | ζ Ori | |
| Vermilion Bird of the South (南方朱雀 - Nánfāng Zhūquè) Summer  |
22 | 井 (Jǐng) | Well | μ Gem |
| 23 | 鬼 (Guǐ) | Ghost | θ Cnc | |
| 24 | 柳 (Liǔ) | Willow | δ Hya | |
| 25 | 星 (Xīng) | Star | α Hya | |
| 26 | 張 (Zhāng) | Extended Net | υ¹ Hya | |
| 27 | 翼 (Yì) | Wings | α Crt | |
| 28 | 軫 (Zhěn) | Chariot | γ Crv | |
The Twenty-Eight Mansions are matched with Day of the week and animal to calculate a person's fortune and luck.[7][8]: 31
| Wood | Gold | Soil | Yang | Yin | Fire | Water | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| East | Horn "Wood" Jiaolong | Neck "Gold" Dragon | Root "Soil" Raccoon dog | Room "Yang" Rabbit | Heart "Yin" Fox | Tail "Fire" Tiger | Winnowing Basket "Water" Leopard |
| North | Dipper "Wood" Xiezhi | Ox "Gold" Bovini | Girl "Soil" Bat | Emptiness "Yang" Muroidea | Roof "Yin" Swallow | Encampment "Fire" Sus | Wall "Water" Yayu |
| West | Legs "Wood" Wolf | Bond "Gold" Dog | Stomach "Soil" Phasianidae | Hairy Head "Yang" Chicken | Net "Yin" Corvus | Turtle Beak "Fire" Monkey | Three Stars "Water" Ape |
| South | Well "Wood" Bian | Ghost "Gold" Caprinae | Willow "Soil" Water deer | Star "Yang" Horse | Extended Net "Yin" Deer | Wings "Fire" Snake | Chariot "Water" Earthworm |
