Typhoon Bualoi

Philippines

On September 24, at their 11:00 PHT (03:00 UTC) bulletin, PAGASA issued Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal No. 1 over the entire provinces of Northern Samar, Eastern Samar, and Samar. PAGASA stated that there was a potential risk of coastal flooding due to storm surge in low-lying coastal areas of Southern Luzon and Eastern Visayas.^[28][29] Around 17:00 PHT (09:00 UTC), the agency upgraded their signals and raised Signal No. 2 in Northern Samar and northern Eastern Samar as the storm intensified into a severe tropical storm. Signal No. 1 was also hoisted over Albay, Biliran, Camarines Sur, Catanduanes, Masbate, Sorsogon, northern Leyte, as well as Burias Island and Ticao Island.^[30] By 23:00 PHT (15:00 UTC), Signal No. 1 was further extended to cover Camarines Norte, Laguna, Marinduque, Oriental Mindoro, Quezon, the Polillo Islands, Rizal, Romblon, and southeastern Batangas.^[31]

Baybay Boulevard experiencing a major storm surge during the onslaught of Bualoi in Eastern Samar.

A bridge in Siha flooded by a river during the onslaught of Bualoi in Eastern Samar.

The Calingatngan River at high level during the onslaught of Bualoi in Eastern Samar.

The following day at 05:00 PHT (21:00 UTC on September 24), Signal No. 2 was extended across southern Albay, all of Catanduanes and Sorsogon, central Eastern Samar, and northern to central Samar. Signal No. 1 was also raised over Aklan, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bucas Grande Island, Bulacan, Capiz, Cavite, Dinagat Island, Ifugao, La Union, Leyte, Metro Manila, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Occidental Mindoro, the Lubang Islands, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quirino, Siargao Island, Southern Leyte, Tarlac, and Zambales. This also included northern and central Antique, the Calamian Islands, the Caluya Islands, northern Cebu, Camotes Island, Bantayan Island, southern Ilocos Sur, northern Iloilo, central and southern Isabela, southwestern Mountain Province, and northern Negros Occidental.^[32] At 12:00 PHT (04:00 UTC), Signal No. 3 was hoisted in northern and eastern Northern Samar, affecting eight municipalities, and in northern Eastern Samar, affecting four municipalities.^[33] Three hours later, Sorsogon and northern Masbate were also placed under Signal No. 3.^[34] By 02:00 PHT on September 26 (18:00 UTC on September 25), Signal No. 4 was issued in several municipalities in Eastern Samar, Masbate, and Samar, while all of Sorsogon and Northern Samar were also placed under Signal No. 4.^[35] Signal No. 4 was cancelled shortly after.^[36] All signals were lifted after Bualoi exited the PAR on September 27.^[37]

A total of 1,500 passengers were stranded in 42 ports nationwide, along with 14 vessels and 780 rolling cargoes.^[38] President Bongbong Marcos instructed agencies to maximize resources for Opong during a meeting at the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC).^[39] A memorandum signed by Executive Secretary Lucas Bersamin suspended all classes and work in Sorsogon, Masbate, Northern Samar, and Eastern Samar.^[40] Class suspensions were later issued for the rest of the areas in Bicol Region, Metro Manila, and some areas in Calabarzon, Southern Tagalog Region, and Eastern Visayas on the following day, September 26.^[41] The Calabarzon Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council raised its alert status to red,^[42] while the Metro Manila Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council was also placed under red alert, directing all response teams to heighten preparedness.^[43] In Oriental Mindoro, local authorities ramped up preparation efforts,^[44] while the Eastern Visayas Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council organized a special task group in anticipation of the storm.^[45] Churches under the Diocese of Legazpi opened their doors as temporary shelters.^[46] Many flights were suspended,^[47] and the Department of Agriculture urged farmers to take protective measures for their crops.^[48]

China

The red warning signal was issued in Sanya, Hainan province.^[49]

Vietnam

On September 24, the National Civil Defense Steering Committee^[α] issued Document No. 04/BCĐ-BNNMT to the People's Committees of coastal provinces and cities from Quảng Ninh to An Giang, regarding proactive measures for Bualoi.^[β][50] The directive instructed provinces and cities to promptly inform captains and vessel owners at ports or operating at sea, urging them to take precautionary measures and adjust production plans to ensure the safety of people and property. It also required the maintenance of communication systems to handle emergencies quickly, as well as the readiness of forces and resources to conduct rescue and relief operations if necessary. Localities were further ordered to maintain strict monitoring and to report regularly to the Committee under the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment.^[51]

Philippines

At least 37 deaths^[52] and 13 missing persons were attributed to Bualoi.^[53] Together with the southwest monsoon and previous storms including Typhoon Ragasa (Nando) and Severe Tropical Storm Mitag (Mirasol), the system left 708 homes destroyed, 4,494 damaged, and caused damage to 243 road sections and 46 bridges.^[54] Nationwide, around 400,000 people were evacuated.^[55] The Department of Education reported that 891 classrooms sustained minor damage, 225 sustained major damage, and 254 were destroyed; 121 schools were used as evacuation centers.^[56] Eighteen fatalities occurred in Masbate, where 14,767 houses were destroyed and 55,541 destroyed, while 148 schools were destroyed and 286 damaged.^[57] The province recorded up to ₱70 million (US$1.2 million) in irrigation facilities.^[58] School facilities in Masbate suffered extensive damage, with the loss reached ₱4.7 billion (US$80.7 million).^[59] Parts of Southern Luzon also reported power outages and damage to crops and infrastructure.^[60] In Northern Samar, 1,475 houses were destroyed. Ten deaths were reported in Biliran due to flash flooding and storm surges, while five fishermen went missing in Eastern Samar.^[61][53]

Additional damage included a church ceiling collapse in Batuan, Masbate, which injured several evacuees sheltering inside.^[62] Thirty-nine people were injured in Oriental Mindoro, where more than half the province, equivalent to 265,765 households, lost electricity after 200 electric poles were toppled.^[63][64] Damages there were estimated at ₱16 million (US$275,000),^[65] with agricultural losses of ₱900 million (US$15.5 million) and infrastructure damage of ₱145 million (US$2.49 million).^[66] The roof of the Oriental Mindoro Sports Complex in Naujan was also blown off.^[67]

One death and three injuries were also reported in Occidental Mindoro, with agricultural damage at ₱237 million (US$4.07 million).^[68][69] Flooding and landslides blocked roads and destroyed a dike in Antique.^[70] In Western Visayas, damage totaled ₱45.4 million (US$780,000) for infrastructure and agriculture.^[71] Moises R. Espinosa Airport in Masbate City sustained severe damage worth at least ₱10 million (US$172,000).^[72] In Eastern Samar, the section of the Wright–Taft Road in Taft was deemed impassable. The municipality of Pinabacdao, Samar experienced a power interruption on September 24 before eventually got restored two days later. In Northern Samar, the municipalities of Mondragon and Silvino Lobos also experienced power blackouts.^[73] In San Agustin, Romblon, one lasted over 24 hours.^[74] The entire province of Masbate also experienced a blackout.^[54] Six vessels ran aground in Oriental Mindoro, Occidental Mindoro, and Romblon.^[75] A dike collapsed due to heavy rains in Guimbal, Iloilo,^[76] while in Romblon, 14,138 houses were damaged and 1,786 destroyed, with total damage valued at ₱220 million (US$3.78 million); agricultural losses reached ₱60 million (US$1.03 million). A state of calamity was declared in Romblon,^[77] Oriental Mindoro,^[66] Masbate,^[78] the province most affected by the typhoon in the Bicol Region as per NDRRMC,^[79] the city of Calbayog in Samar,^[80] and the municipality of Ibajay in Aklan.^[81]

Combined with Mitag and Ragasa, total damage in the Philippines reached ₱5 billion (US$101.52 million).^[82]

Vietnam

In the early morning of September 29, Bualoi made landfall in Nghệ An and Hà Tĩnh.^[90] Several stations in Vietnam recorded maximum 2-minute sustained wind speeds exceeding 100 km/h during Typhoon Bualoi:^[24]

• Văn Lý station (Ninh Bình province) measured a maximum sustained wind speed of 101 km/h (63 mph) and a maximum wind gust of 115 km/h (72 mph).
• Diễn Châu station (Nghệ An province) measured a maximum sustained wind speed of 109 km/h (68 mph) and a maximum wind gust of 143 km/h (89 mph)
• Hòn Ngư Island [vi] station (Nghệ An province), located at an elevation of 133 m above sea level,^[91] measured a maximum sustained wind speed of 122 km/h (76 mph) and a maximum wind gust of 151 km/h (94 mph).
• Hoành Sơn station (Hà Tĩnh province) measured a maximum sustained wind speed of 115 km/h (72 mph) and a maximum wind gust of 158 km/h (98 mph).

As for rainfall caused by the typhoon's impact, from 19:00 on September 25 to 07:00 on October 2 (local time), many stations recorded rainfall exceeding 600mm, including: Tà Si Láng (Lào Cai): 685mm, Xuân Bình (Thanh Hóa): 836mm, Cẩm Liên 2 (Thanh Hóa): 811mm, Mỹ Sơn 1 (Nghệ An): 651mm, Hủa Na (Nghệ An): 659mm, Sơn Hồng 1 (Hà Tĩnh): 609mm, Đức Hóa (Quảng Trị): 593mm, Bạch Mã (Huế): 857mm, Quan Tượng Đài (Huế): 695mm.^[92] The peak flood flow rate at the Tuyên Quang Reservoir was 6985 m³/s.^[93]

In Hà Tĩnh, the storm raged for many hours from the night of September 28 into the early morning of September 29. Coastal areas including Kỳ Anh, Cẩm Xuyên, and Nghi Xuân reported collapsed houses, blown-off roofs, and toppled power poles. Many households that had only just recovered from earlier Typhoon Kajiki suffered additional losses. In Vinh and the coastal districts of Cửa Lò, Nghi Lộc, Diễn Châu, and Quỳnh Lưu, strong winds uprooted trees and knocked down power lines, damaging roads and public infrastructure; hundreds of houses lost roofs.^[90] In Ninh Bình province, nine people were killed by a tornado spawned by the typhoon.^[94] Another tornado in Hưng Yên province killed two and injured nine,^[95] and a third tornado in Haiphong injured eight people.^[96] Around 347,000 households lost electricity nationwide.^[97][98] Strong winds by the typhoon caused 17 incidents on the national 500 kV line, 24 incidents on the 220 kV line, and 119 incidents on the 110 kV line.^[93]

Heavy floods affected localities in Hà Tĩnh,^[99] Nghệ An,^[100] Thanh Hóa,^[101] Hà Nội^[102] Phú Thọ,^[103] Yên Bái,^[104] and Lào Cai.^[105] Record floodings were reported in Hà Giang^[106] and Cao Bằng.^[107] Seven people were reported missing in landslides in Lũng Cú, Đức Long (Hòa An), Sa Pa and Nậm Xé (Văn Bàn). In Quảng Trị, two died and seven went missing after a fishing boat capsized.^[108]

In total, 57 people were killed, 10 others were reported missing, and 172 were injured by Typhoon Bualoi in Vietnam.^[109] Around 200 houses were destroyed, while more than 169,000 houses were damaged and 64,800 homes submerged. More than 80,600 ha (199,000 acres) of crops, more than 21,000 livestock and nearly 500,000 poultry were lost. Over 7,500 roads were rendered impassable by flooding and landslides. As of November 25, damages were valued at nearly 23.898 trillion dong (US$950 million),^[110] including 6 trillion đồng (US$227 million) in Hà Tĩnh province and 3 trillion đồng (US$114 million) in Tuyên Quang province.^[111][112]

China

Twenty tornadoes were confirmed in Southern China, specifically the Zhanjiang area, between September 28 and 29. Most were rated EF0 or EF1, although one was rated EF2.^[113]